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Table of Contents
Paper litehe9
BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE
society of Paper Money Coliector4
Vol. XIV No. 5
Whole No. 59 Sept./Oct. 1975
Long before it became a catchword, "detente" appeared on this "short snorter"
autographed by World War II personalities. see Paul Carr's article on page 229.
BOSTON CLEVELAND
110.00 F-757-AU $95.00: CN 150.00
150.00 F-759-Fine $33.50 • CN 140.00
67.50 RICHMOND
79.50 F-760 -AU 170.00
100.00 F-761 -Fine $52.50; AU 160.00
CHICAGO
F-765-CN 110.00
F-767-Fine $37.50 ; ExF 52.50
AU $62.50 ; CN, Top Close 75.00
CN 110.00
ST. LOUIS
79.50 F-769-CN, F/F 150.00
105.00 MINNEAPOLIS
62.50 F-772 CN, Top Mgn. Close 236.00
42.50 CN Plate 6 275.00
F-747-CN
F-748-AU
F-749-AU
CN, Top Mgn. Touches
CN
NEW YORK
F-750-CN, Top Close 69.50
F-751-CN 87.50
F-752- CN 92.50
PHILADELPHIA
F-753-CN, Top Close
CN
F-754-AU
F-756-VF
$1.00 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK NOTES
All Circulated Notes are Accurately Graded. The Low and/or Unusual Numbers in Both the $1.00 and $2.00 are Superb Crisp
Unc.-Truly "Prestige" Notes from the Famous James M. Wade Collection. All are Offered Subject to Prior Sale.
BOSTON
F-708-CN, F/F 42.50
CN 57.50
F-709-FINE 107.50
F-710-VF $21.50; ExF 29.50
AU $38.50; CN 52.50
NEW YORK
F-711-AU 31.50
CN, F/F $37.50, CN 49.50
F-713-CN 49.50
PHILADELPHIA
F-714-AU $39.50, CN 59.50
F-715--VF $27.50, ExF 37.50
CN, F/F 47.50
F-717-VF $24.50, ExF 32.50
CN, F/F $42.50, CN 57.50
CLEVELAND
F-718-ExF 22.50
AU $32.50 ; CN 52.50
F-719-CN, F/F 42.50
F-720-AU 32.50
CN, F/F 39.50
RICHMOND
F-721-ExF $39.50, AU 54.50
CN, Top Mgn. Close 63.50
CN, Small Brown Spot 56.50
CN 75.00
RICHMOND
F-722-Fine $17.50, VF 27.50
ExF $38.50 ; AU 54.50
CN 75.00
ATLANTA
F-723- -VF $28.50 ; ExF 39.50
AU $49.53; CN 72.50
F-725--( N, F/F 52.50
F-726-Fine $19.00; VF 31.50
ExF $41.50 ; AU 52.50
CN 68.50
CHICAGO
F-727-CN 42.50
F-728--AU 32.50
F-729-ExF $24.50 ; AU 32.50
CN 42.50
ST. LOUIS
F-730-AU 69.50
CN, Top Mgn. Close 83.50
CN 99.50
F-732-ExF $44.50 ; AU 62.50
F-733-CN, F/F 57.50
CN, Top Mgn. Close 69.50
CN 89.50
MINNEAPOLIS
F-734-F-VF $44.50 44.50
ExF/AU 97.50
MINNEAPOLIS
F-736 Fine $41.50 ; VF 62.50
CN, F/F 147.50
KANSAS CITY
F-7 - 7-ExF/AU 37.50
CN, Bottom Mgn. Close 52.50
F-738-CN,F/F 49.50
CN, Top Mgn. Close 56.50
CN 72.50
F-739-CN, F/F 44.50
('N, Top Mgn. Close 49.50
CN 62.50
DALLAS
F-740-VF 29.50
F-741-F-VF 94.50
F-742-Fine 21.50
ExF 47.50
SAN FRANCISCO
F-743-ExF 29.50
ExF/AU $38.50 ; AU 48.50
CN, F/F 59.50
F-746-ExF 29.50
ExF/AU 39.50
AU 48.50
BOSTON
F-708-A131A, A141A 110.00
A150A, A161A 110.00
A444888A, A919191A 85.00
NEW YORK
F-711-B55A, B80A 125.00
B200A, B600A 105.00
B800A, B900A 105.00
B1144A, B1500A 85.00
B667667A, B836836A 105.00
NEW YORK
F-711-PALINDROMES
B1444441A, B715517A 135.00
B767767A. B811118A 135.00
B8383838A, B99099A 125.00
PHILADELPHIA
F-714 C7000A, C8000A 77.50
C7777A 150.00
CLEVELAND
F-713-D91A, D125A 95.00
D170A, D222A 95.00
D388A, D404A 90.00
RICHMOND
F-721-E44A, E55A 140.00
E50A, E70A 130.00
ATLANTA
F-723-F90A 135.00
$2.00 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK NOTES
MINNEAPOLIS
F-773-Fine $47.50 ; AU 190.00
KANSAS CITY
F-774-AU $145.00 ; CN 245.00
F-775-VF $90.00; ExF/AU 125.00
DALLAS
F-776-CN. Top Mgn. Close 210.00
CN 295.00
F-777-CN 295.00
SAN FRANCISCO
F-778-F-VF $65.00; VF 90.00
ExF 125.00
F-779--VF $90.00 ; ExF 125.00
AU 155.00
F-780-VF $90.00; ExF 125.00
BOSTON
F-747-A75A, AMA 160.00
A1500A, A1600A 150.00
A1700A, A1800A 150.00
A1414A, A1515A 150.00
A1717A, A1818A 150.00
NEW YORK
F-750-B75A, B125A 135.00
B150A, B175A 135.00
B400A, B500A 115.00
B333A, B888A 150.00
B1600A, B1700A 115.00
PHILADELPHIA
F-753-C66A, C77A 165.00
C70A, C88A 150.00
C400A, C500A 150.00
C444A, C555A 175.00
C55555A, C77777A 200.00
C60000A, C80000A 145.00
CLEVELAND
F-757-D50A, D60A 200.00
D72A, D80A, D91A 200.00
D55A, D77A, D88A 215.00
D104A, D118A 200.00
CLEVELAND
F-757-D181A, D241A 200.00
D272A, D303A 200.00
D143A, D499A 200.00
D900A, D1000A 185.00
DALLAS
F-776-K30A, K40A 365.00
K50A, K60A 365.00
K44A, K55A 385.00
K66A, K77A 385.00
K80A, K90A 365.00
MONTHLY SPECIAL
FRIEDBERG'S "Paper Money of the United States." 8th Ed. ($17.50). Special-During Oct.-Nov. NET , Postpaid 13.50
Please Refer to our Ad in the July/August Issue for Prices on other Books-also Small Size $1.00 Federal Reserve Sets. Please
write for our List of Small Size Currency, Books & Accessories.
Please add $1.00 under $100.00. Nebraskans add Sales Tax. 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed always.
MEMBER: Life #110 ANA, ANS, PNG, SCPN, SPMC, IAPN, Others.
Bebee's, inc.
"Pronto Service"
4514 North 30th Street Phone 402-451-4766 Omaha, Nebraska 68111
SOCIETY
OF
PAPER MONEY
COLLECTORS
INC'.
Founded 1961
PAPER MONEY is published every other
month beginning in January by The Society
of Paper Money Collectors, Inc., J. Roy Pen-
nell, Jr., P. 0. Box 858, Anderson, SC
29621. Second class postage paid at An-
derson, SC 29621 and at additional entry
office, Federalsburg, MD 21632.
Annual membership dues in SPMC are
$8.00, of which $5.25 are for a subscrip-
tion to PAPER MONEY. Subscriptions to
non-members are $10.00 a year. Individual
copies of current issues, $1.75.
© Society of Paper Money Collectors. Inc.,
1975. All rights reserved. Reproduction
of any article, in whole or in part, without
express written permission, is prohibited.
ADVERTISING RATES
Space
Outside
1 Time
Contract Rates
3 Times 6 Times
Back Cover $40.00 $108.00 $204.00
Inside Front &
Back Cover 37.50 101.25 191.25
Full page 32.50 87.75 165.75
Half-page 20.00 54.00 102.00
Quarter-page 12.50 33.75 63.75
Eighth-page 8.00 21.60 40.80
25% surcharge for 6 pt. composition; en-
gravings 6- artwork at cost + 5%; copy
should be typed; $2 per printed page typing
fee.
Advertising copy deadlines: The 15th of the
month preceding month of issue (e.g.
Feb. 15 for March issue). Reserve space
in advance if possible.
PAPER MONEY does not guarantee adver-
tisements but accepts copy in good faith,
reserving the right to reject objectionable
material or edit any copy.
Advertising copy shall be restricted to
Paper currency and allied numismatic mate-
rial and publications and accessories related
thereto.
All advertising copy and correspondence
should be addressed to the Editor.
Papa *obey
Official Bimonthly Publication of
THE SOCIETY OF PAPER MONEY COLLECTORS, INC.
Vol. XIV - No. 5 Whole No. 59 Sept./Oct. 1975
BARBARA R. MUELLER, Editor
225 S. Fischer Ave.
Jefferson, WI 53549
Tel. 414-674-5239
Manuscripts and publications for review should be addressed to the Editor. Opinions
expressed by the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of SPMC
or its staff. PAPER MONEY reserves the right to edit or reject any copy.
Deadline for editorial copy is the 1st of the month preceding the month of publica-
tion (e.g., Feb. 1 for March issue, etc.)
SOCIETY BUSINESS & MAGAZINE CIRCULATION
Correspondence pertaining to the business affairs of SPMC, including membership,
changes of address, and receipt of magazines, should be addressed to the Secretary
at P. a Box 4082, Harrisburg, PA 17111.
IN THIS ISSUE:
THE DUNBAR NATIONAL BANK
—Gene Hessler 227 .
NUMISMATIC-SYNGRAPHIC AUTOGRAPHS
—Paul K. Carr 229
PRELUDE TO THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK IN DAKOTA
—Forrest W. Daniel 232
EXCERPTS FROM THE "REPORT ON THE FINANCES 1855-6"
—Harry G. Wigington 233
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPINNER SIGNATURE
—Brent H. Hughes 236
SIEGE MONEY ISSUED IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF ITALY
1813-1848
—Dr. Michael Kupa 243
POSTAL USE OF RUSSIA'S CURRENCY STAMPS 244
"PETER" NATIONALS AND A THEORY ABOUT COLLECTING
—Peter Huntoon 245
THE UNKNOWN FACTOR REVEALED: CALIFORNIA WAR BOND COUPONS
—Lawrence F. McGrail 248'
FIRST CHARTER ONE-DOLLAR NATIONALS: PART III
—Howard W. Parshall 249
COLLECTING OBSOLETE AND BROKEN BANK NOTES
—C. John Ferreri 250
SPMC BICENTENNIAL FEATURE: A NOTE ON COLONIAL COUNTERFEITING
—Charles E. Kirtley 254
TABULATION OF SMALL-SIZE SILVER CERTIFICATES 256
MY ALL-TIME CHAMPION—THE SMALL-SIZE SILVER CERTIFICATE
—Graeme M. Ton, Jr. 257
THE CHECKBOOK 257
TYPE COLLECTING—U. S. PAPER CURRENCY
—Paul H. Johansen 258
KANSAS OBSOLETE MERCHANT SCRIP OF JOHN PIPHER & CO.,
MANHATTAN
—S. K. Whitfield 260
INDIAN PAPER MONEY
—Parmeshwari Lai Gupta 261
The Society of Paper Money Collectors, Inc.
SPMC CHRONICLE 262
SECRETARY'S REPORT
—Vernon L. Brown 264
Cacietv of Paper Motel Collecter4
OFFICERS
President Robert E. Medlar
220 Alamo Plaza, San Antonio, TX 78205
Vice-President Eric P. Newman
6450 Cecil Ave., St. Louis, MO 63105
Secretary Harry G. Wigington
P.O. Box 4082, Harrisburg, PA 17111
Treasurer C. John Ferreri
P.O. Box 33, Storrs, CT 06268
APPOINTEES
Barbara R. Mueller
Librarian Wendell Wolka
BOARD OF GOVERNORS
Larry Adams, Thomas C. Bain, Vernon L. Brown, Forrest W.
Daniel, David A. Hakes, William J. Harrison, Robert E. Medlar,
Eric P. Newman, Charles O'Donnell, J. Roy Pennell, Jr., Glenn
B. Smedley, George W. Wait, M. Owen Warns, Harry G.
Wigington, Wendell Wolka
When making inquiries, please include stamped,
self-addressed envelope.
Society Library Services
The Society maintains a lending library for the use of mem-
bers only. A catalog and list of regulations is included in
the official Membership Directory available only to members
from the Secretary. It is updated periodically in PAPER
MONEY. For further information, write the Librarian-Wen-
dell Wolka., P.O. Box 366, Hinsdale, III. 60521.
The Society of Paper Money Collectors was organized in
1961 and incorporated in 1964 as a non-profit organization
under the laws of the District of Columbia. It is affiliated
with the American Numismatic Association and holds its an-
nual meeting at the ANA Convention in August of each year.
MEMBERSHIP-REGULAR. Applicants must be at least 18
years of age and of good moral charter. JUNIOR. Applicants
must be from 12 to 18 years of age and of good moral char-
acter. Their application must be signed by a parent or a
guardian. They will be preceded by the letter "J". This letter
will be removed upon notification to the secretary that the
member has reached 18 years of age. Junior members are
not eligible to hold office or to vote.
Members of the A.N.A. or other recognized numismatic
organizations are eligible for membership. Other applicants
should be sponsored by an S.P.M.C. member, or the secretary
will sponsor persons if they provide suitable references such
as well known numismatic firms with whom they have done
business, or bank references, etc.
DUES-The Society dues are on a calendar year basis and
are $8.00 per year, payable in U.S. Funds. Members who join
the Society prior to October 1st receive the magazines already
issued in the year in which they join. Members who join after
October 1st will have their dues paid through December of
the following year. They will also receive, as a bonus, a
copy of the magazine issued in November of the year in which
they joined.
PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE TO
SOCIETY MEMBERS
One of the stated objectives of SPMC is to "encourage
research about paper money and publication of the re-
sultant findings." In line with this objective, the following
publications are currently available:
We have the following back issues of PAPER MONEY for
sale for $1.00 each. For orders of less than 5 copies at
one time, please include $0.25 per issue for postage. We
have only the issues listed for sale.
❑ Vol. 4, 1965, No. 2 (No. 14) ❑ Vol. 9, 1970, No. 3 INo. 351
❑ Vol. 4, 1965, No. 3 (No. 15) ❑ Vol. 9, 1970, No. 4 (No. 361
❑ Vol. 4 , 1965, No. 4 (No. 16)
❑ Vol. 10, 1971, No. 1 (No. 37)
❑ Vol. 5, 1966, No. 1 (No. 17) ❑ Vol. 10, 1971, No. 2 (No. 38)
❑ vol. 5, 1966, No. 2 (No. 18) ❑ vol. 10, 1971, No. 3 (No. 39)
❑ vol. 5, 1966, No. 3 (No. 19) ❑ Vol. 10, 1971, No. 4 (No. 401
❑ Vol. 5, 1966, No. 4 (No. 20)
❑ Vol. 11, 1972, No. 1 (No. 41)
0 Vol. 6,
Vol. 6,
1967, No. 1
1967, No. 2
(No.
(No.
21)
22)
Vol.
❑ Vol.
11,
11,
1972,
1972,
No. 2
No. 3
(No.
(No.
42)
43)
❑ Vol. 6, 1967, No. 3 (No. 23) Vol. 11, 1972, No. 3 (No. 44)
❑ vol. 6, 1967, No. 4 (No. 24)
❑ Vol. 12, 1973, No. 1 (No. 45)
❑ vol. 7, 1968, No. 1 (No. 25) ❑ Vol. 12, 1973, No. 2 (No. 46)
❑ Vol. 7, 1968, No. 2 (No. 26) ❑ Vol. 12, 1973, No. 3 (No. 47)
❑ vol. 7, 1968, No. 3 (No. 27) ❑ Vol. 12, 1973, No. 4 (No. 48)
❑ vol. 7, 1968, No. 4 (No. 28)
Vol. 13, 1974, No. 1 (No. 49)
❑ Vol. 8, 1969, No. 1 (No. 29) Vol. 13, 1974, No. 2 (No. 50)
El Vol. 8, 1969, No. 2 (No. 30) ❑ Vol. 13, 1974, No. 3 (No. 51)
❑ Vol. 8, 1969, No. 3 (No. 31) Vol. 13, 1974, No. 4 (Nb. 52)
❑ Vol. 8, 1969, No. 4 (No. 32) Vol. 13, 1974, No. 5 (No. 53)
❑ Vol. 13, 1974, No. 6 (No. 64)
❑ Vol. 9, 1970, No. 1 (No. 35)
❑ Vol. 9, 1970, No. 2 (No. 34) Index Vol. 1-10 $1.00
We have a few cloth bound copies of PAPER MONEY for
sale as follows:
Vol. 5 & Vol. 6 Nos. 17 through 24 Cloth Bound $12.50
Vol. 7 & Vol. 8 Nos. 25 through 32 Cloth Bound $12.50
Vol. 9 & Vol. 10 Nos. 33 through 40 Cloth Bound $12.50
Vol. 11 & Vol. 12 Nos. 41 through 48 Cloth Bound $17.50
We have the following books for sale:
❑ FLORIDA OBSOLETE NOTES & SCRIP
$4.00
Harley L. Freeman
❑ MINNESOTA OBSOLETE NOTES & SCRIP
$5.00
R. H. Rockholt
1:3 TEXAS OBSOLETE NOTES & SCRIP
$6.00
Robert. E. Medlar
❑ VERMONT OBSOLETE NOTES & SCRIP
$10.00
Mayre B. Coulter
• NATIONAL BANK NOTE ISSUES OF 1929-1935
$9.75
Warns - Huntoon - Van Belkum
❑ MISSISSIPPI OBSOLETE PAPER MONEY & SCRIP
t6.50
L. Dandier Leggett
The above prices are for
SPMC Members.
All of these cloth bound books are
8 1 :2 x 11" and have many illustrations.
Write for Quantity Prices on the above books.
ORDERING INSTRUCTIONS
1. Check the box at the left of description for all items ordered.
2. Total the cost of all publications ordered.
3. ALL publications are postpaid except orders for less than 5 copies
of Paper Money.
4. Enclose payment (U.S. funds only) with all orders. Make your
check or money order payable to Society of Paper Money Collectors.
5. Remember to include your ZIP CODE.
6. Allow up to six weeks for delivery. We have no control of your
package after we place it in the mails.
Send remittance payable to
The Society of Paper Money Collectors, Inc.
P. 0 Box 858, Anderson. S.C. 29621
Be Sure To Include Zip Code!
WHOLE NO. 59 Paper Money PACE zn
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NITED STATES OF AMERICA
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NEW YORK
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Dunbar Dunbar. : Dunbar : Dunbar : Dunbar : Dunbar : Dunbar : Dunbar
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Dunbar
The number 13 usually has a connotation of bad luck; however the Dunbar National Bank proved
to be a most successful bank.
This bank only issued large size notes ($5, 10 & 20) for one year, the last large size notes being
printed on August 7, 1929.
$5, 10 & 20 small size notes were issued by the Dunbar National Bank.
ber 1 is a reminder that the Harlem community considered their
NUMBER-ONE
Serial num-
bank to be
The Dunbar National Bank
By GENE HESSLER
Curator
The Chase Manhattan Bank
Numismatic/Syngraphic Collection
Photographs by the author.
N MAY 1, 1975 a United States stamp was issued
honoring Paul Lawrence Dunbar, the first Amer-
ican black poet to receive such recognition. The
Dunbar National Bank, which was named after the poet,
has also been credited with a few firsts. Before we
examine the bank, who was Paul Lawrence Dunbar?
Dunbar. a writer of poetry and folk tales, was born
in Dayton. Ohio in 1872. His parents were former
slaves who came north from Kentucky. He attended
Dayton's Central High School and saw his first poem
published at the age of 16. For the graduating class
of 1891 Paul Lawrence Dunbar composed the school
song. He composed a second school song a few years
later, this time for Tuskegee Institute. When he was
21, Dunbar's first book of poems, Oak and Ivy, was
published, the author selling the book himself to repay
the publisher. Two years later Majors and Minors was
published. The book that gained national attention for
Paul Lawrence Dunbar was Lyrics of Lowly Life.
Greater recognition followed. In 1898 the musical
review "Clorindy" was produced in New York City.
The story and lyrics were the work of the young black
writer. Mozart and Schubert were only two of many
creators who died at an early age and to this list we
can add Paul Lawrence Dunbar. who lived only 34
years. succumbing to pneumonia in 1906. William Dean
Howells wrote of young Dunbar, saying he was the
first man of African descent and American training who
had felt the life of his people esthetically and expressed
it lyrically.
About twenty years after the poet's death, John D.
Rockefeller, Jr. and his associates were looking for a
way to make a contribution to the community of New
York's Harlem. At a meeting with members of the
community, Rockefeller suggested an apartment com-
plex, which would bear the name of Paul Lawrence
Dunbar. The idea was accepted and the Paul Lawrence
Dunbar Apartments soon became a reality. However, to
PAGE 228
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
Mr. Rockefeller's surprise, members of the black com-
munity also expressed interest in having a bank. Being
in a financial position to assist, he agreed, and very soon
thereafter in August, 1928, the Dunbar National Bank
received Charter Number 13237, and opened for busi-
ness at 2824 Eighth Avenue.
(Only 70 additional banks would be chartered during
the time large-size National Bank Notes were to be is-
sued, the last issuing bank being the City National Bank
and Trust Co. of Niles. Michigan, Charter No. 13307.)
As of December 31, 1928, the capital of the new bank
was $500,000, and by January 19, 1929, the employees
of the bank numbered 15. J. D. Higgins was named
president, A. H. Thien, vice-president and G. C. Loomis,
cashier. Alderman Fred R. Moore and Principal Robert
R. Moton of Tuskegee Institute were elected as directors
of the Dunbar National Bank. The prestigious mem-
ber of the Board of Directors was J. D. Rockefeller, III.
As founder of the bank, Mr. Rockefeller wanted the
residents of Harlem to feel the Dunbar National Bank
was their bank. In the Dunbar News—a newspaper for
residents of the Dunbar Apartments—on July 10, 1929,
bank president Higgins wrote, . . Mr. Rockefeller has
now set aside a number of shares with which he wishes
us to make as wide a distribution as a maximum of
ten shares to each individual will permit. It has been
arranged, therefore, that you may have anywhere from
one to ten shares." The purchase price was $52 per
share. Mr. Higgins went on to say, "Mr. Rockefeller
agrees to take back the stock at purchase price any time
prior to January, 1930."
During the following year when some banks lost de-
positors and some even failed, the Dunbar National
Bank became a pillar of security in the Harlem com-
munity and became known as "One of the World's
Safest Banks." It was locally referred to as "The Friendly
Bank." In 1931, a thousand new depositors were added.
While many banks had to borrow money to stay open
during the depression, the Dunbar National Bank never
had to borrow a cent. 1932 proved to be the bank's
most successful year.
The Dunbar National Bank was not only one of the
select banks to receive a license to resume normal busi-
ness following the bank holiday, it was the first National
Bank permitted to open a branch, doing so on July 10,
1933. The manager of the new branch, at 135th Street
and Seventh Avenue. was Robert P. Broddicks, a black
who had worked as a Pullman porter and valet to John
Barrymore.
On July 22, 1935, all National Banks lost the privilege
of issuing currency. However, the two banking facilities
of the Dunbar National Bank operated until May 31,
1938, when the bank was placed in voluntary liquidation
with a liability of $1,447,220. Depositors could freely
withdraw their funds in full at their convenience. The
Dunbar National Bank was not absorbed or succeeded
by another bank.
Paul Lawrence Dunbar came from a poor and simple
background, as previously mentioned, proving his worth
in the field of prose and poetry. This background
established somewhat of an ascetic outlook, an attitude
of resignation. Many of his poems expressed joy, love
and happiness but the following lines almost seem to
say-don't expect too much:
LIFE
A crust of bread and a corner to sleep in,
A minute to smile and an hour to weep in,
A pint of joy to a peck of trouble,
And never a laugh but the moans come double;
And that is life.
If Paul Lawrence Dunbar would have lived to see the
success of the National Bank which took his name, he
most certainly would have been happy to admit he was
wrong. For once the Dunbar National Bank was orga-
nized, it was operated by blacks, for blacks. The success
of the bank also gained recognition for the black com-
munity, and most certainly caused some envy from a few
white-operated banks which had failed.
"Majors and Minors," Poems by Paul Lawrence Dunbar, Mnemosyne
Publishing Co. Inc.
Syngraphie Sidelights from
Old Newspapers
Selected by GARY DOSTER
From the Southern Watchman, Athens, Georgia
December 18, 1856
BANK OF EAST TENNESSEE
This institution has failed to pay specie at two of its
branches (Jonesboro and Chattanoga). The Knoxville
Register, published in the town where the mother bank
is located, says that brokers there refuse to take its notes
at any price. Look out reader. Be careful as to what
bank bills you receive.
While on this subject, we must again request our
customers not to send us "Wild-Cat" bills (as some are
in the habit of doing) and furthermore, when we send
them back we hope they will return us good money (as
none of them have yet done).
A WILD CAT SKINNING
We learn by a gentlemen from Dalton (Ga.) that Capt.
James Morris, President of the Planters and Merchants
Bank, in that town has at last got his eyes opened—that
he has recently discovered some stupendous schemes
headed by Preston and Kibbee, not only calculated to ruin
the wild cat nest, but designed to rob him of his own
private estate. The name of Capt. Morris gave the con-
cern all the credit it ever had and we always felt satisfied
that his motives were right; but we have been equally
certain that there were two or three sharpers around who
would finally work out his ruin if he did not discover their
nefarious designs in time to thwart their accomplishment.
We further learn that Preston is in jail in Louisville,
Ky., on two charges—one for swindling and the other for
passing counterfeit money; and that an officer from this
state is in hot pursuit of Kibbee, who is somewhere in the
Northern cities, with a requisition from the Government
of the State.
;77 d: /2,D4 of jeer-ems/74s.
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— Dollars,
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WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 229
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
1835 check filled in and signed by Andrew Jackson.
Note his desire to receive the amount in gold coin.
John F. Kennedy
geAdece4 CfrIA
A 50c note signed by Brigham Young and Heber C.
Kimball
NEW•TORK, AlncuTJ, r5
THIS
1 s_
that on pitying the aura of Fire Hundred Hallo,
c")!eyei or Sir assignee will he
entitled to one share in the ,ft rEyk FITE,431.- p, DA J STor ,R.
As per articles of tisreeitoint with Hubert Fulton, beating dote the thirtictli dity
play, 1814, and &certain memorandum of agreement with him. hearing date the first day
of August, 1814, which stock is only toxiiiifernble on the books of sail company on
producing thin certificate.
RECEIVED of the above mentioned now Tiro Hundred Dollars.
:27,71.-^ ....f •
Stock certificate signed by Robert Fulton
Numismatic- Syngraphic
Autographs
By PAUL K. CARR
Dear Daddy,
Please sign your John Hancock on
these 11 dollar bills for. . . .
from Harry S. Truman by Margaret Truman
HE SEPTEMBER 1974 issue of PAPER MONEY
carried an article by Larry Sanders entitled "Auto-
graphed Currency" which furnished invaluable
suggestions to collectors of such material.
Autograph collectors have long competed with numis-
matic collectors for banking and related paper items
signed by prominent people. We have all read about
auctions offering checks of such famous people as George
Washington, Abraham Lincoln and the like for prices
beyond the reach of most serious collectors. But, un-
known to many people, items of almost equal interest
are sold for far lower prices and mostly within the
scope of the average person's resources. Checks signed
by Theodore Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Albert Einstein.
Babe Ruth and other such notables are available at
reasonable prices.
Second World War "short snorters" signed by illu-
strious people of that era are avidly bought and sold.
Currency signed by Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisen-
hower, in fact, almost an endless procession of names—
are available and at equally modest costs.
Taking these examples from the past, collectors can
form a potentially valuable and historic collection by
acquiring autographs. The forming of such a collection
is limited only by the imagination of the collector. As
an example, the Joseph W. Barr series of Federal Reserve
Notes, obviously not a rare issue, could be made into
a collector's item by having such notes signed by Mr.
Barr. 1 might add I have never known him to refuse
a request.
vtt /
r.
James L. Garfield on Riggs & Co. check, 1879
Ott ijniniltoti, ,/y7„, j
11.11 clYik
N"
11(//
h A Jf /fit
47):)/ /5/
t
A if e (4
PAGE 230
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
Autographs on Checks:
A check filled out and signed by R. E. Lee
Abraham Lincoln on Riggs & Co. check, 1862
Signed checks usually can be purchased from any
reputable autograph and some currency dealers who
specialize in checks. All reputable dealers guarantee
what they sell, but beware purchasing material offered
"as is." Forgeries do exist and mechanical pen signa-
tures are abundant.
I have known collectors who ask the famous for can-
celled checks and very frequently are given one for an
honest request. The secret is in knowing where to write
to ask for autographs or to send material to be signed.
Check with your public library for a current copy of
"Who's Who;" listed along with each person's biography
is unsually a business address, and in most cases a home
address. The use of home addresses guarantees the best
results. Common sense dictates that you enclose en-
velopes along with postage for your requests: don't
expect others to pay for your collection.
Treasury officials are very considerate in signing cur-
rency for your collection. You will find that all living
Secretaries of the Treasury (John W. Snyder through
William E. Simon, excepting George Humphrey, who is
deceased), will oblige collectors. Remember Georgia
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 231
An interesting "short snorter" with signatures (top to bottom) of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston
Churchill, Carl Spatz, Harry Truman, and Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Neese Clarke is now Georgia Neese Gray, and Elizabeth
Rudel Smith is now Elizabeth Rudel Gatov. Both will
autograph currency using their former names.
To make autograph collecting challenging you need
to be aware of two problems, viz.
Secretarial Signatures and Machine Signatures
Secretarial signatures should not he a real problem
for a serious collector. Secretaries or authorized forgers
are not infallible. If you take time to study your
subject's autograph, you will soon find signatures
signed by an amanuensis are not difficult to spot. The
real problem of modern times (1960 or so 1 has been
the increasing use of mechanical signature pens. These
devices use authentic signatures as models and can
reproduce that model up to 3,000 times per day. The
individual involved furnishes an authentic example, and
the manufacturer makes a matrix from that specimen.
By playing that matrix on their machine, much like play-
ing a phonograph record, the matrix will reproduce the
signature using whatever writing device is placed in
the machine, ball point pens to felt writers. This machine
is known as the "Autopen." Currently another device
called the "Signa-Signer" is on the market, and it, too,
can sign names as well as write out whole sentences.
This device works on a taping principle whereby it can
be programmed and replayed at will.
The federal government is a heavy user of mechanical
pens. President Ford makes use of one, as do most
members of Congress, the Cabinet, and Departments.
This includes Secretary Simon, who has used an Autopen
since his days as "Energy Czar" under the Nixon
Administration. Patience will pay off if one waits until
these people leave public office and material is sent to
home addresses.
The only way to prove the use of mechanical pens is
to superimpose two examples to see if the signatures
match. If they do, you know the mechanical pen was
used since no one signs his name exactly the same way
Machine signature of the present Secretary of the Trea-
sury, William E. Simon
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate.
Authentic signature of President Ford
Mechanical pen signature of President Ford
each time. Keeping this in mind, strive for authentic
material which will have value as opposed to secretarial
or machine examples which will have none.
1!■dtr1it'usllial treye'e.: //4,
VIAIPSONWit, 1
WITS1.04111.31
'egitr,<1
..... . - . . ...
PAGE 232
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
Here Sec. David M. Kennedy used the mechanical pen
to sign these two different notes. Both signatures match
perfectly.
Notes and Stock Certificates
A truly rich area for autographs often overlooked lies
in the domain of engraved stock certificates, broken bank
notes and colonial currency. With the coming of our
Bicentennial, more interest in colonial currency will
bring many notes into the forefront. A large amount of
these notes were signed by prominent colonial leaders
and in sonic cases, notes were signed by signers of the
Declaration of Independence.
Broken bank notes also were signed by the famous.
The Mormon note pictured has the signatures of Brigham
Young and Heber C. Kimball, the latter being one of
the Twelve Apostles of the Mormon Church.
An American Express Co. stock certificate signed by
Henry Wells and William G. Fargo of Wells, Fargo fame
Stock certificates are a rich and visual history of
American commerce. Many old certificates long cast
aside as worthless or valueless possess valuable auto-
graphs. In recent years. a collector turned up a cache
of certificates on the Alabama Gold and Copper Com-
pany of J arilla, New Mexico signed by the secretary,
Pat Garrett. This is the same Pat Garrett who shot
--Billy the Kid" and himself was later killed by an
ambush. The American Express Company had stock
certificates issued signed by Henry Wells as President
and William Fargo as Secretary. Fargo is also available
as president of American Merchants Union Express
Company. President Millard Fillmore at one time was
a comptroller for the Hudson and Berkshire Railroad
Company. These are but a few examples which are
available on stock certificates.
Paul K. Carr, a member of the Society of Paper Money
Collectors, is also vice-president of the Universal Auto-
graph Collectors Club, an organization d'3voted to the study
of autographs in all historical areas. Correspondence
would be welcomed at 5618 Pier Drive, Rockville, Mary-
land 20851.
Inside Washington - circa 1871
PRELUDE TO THE FIRST NATIONAL
BANK IN DAKOTA
By FORREST W. DANIEL
HEN Moses K. Armstrong arrived in Washington,
D. C., in February, 1871, as Congressional Dele-
gate from Dakota Territory he was introduced
to the city by resident Dakotans. He had several pro-
posals in the interest of Dakota and he got right to
them. After being introduced to President Grant he
and Secretary Batchelder called on the secretary of war
to see what could be done to procure arms and equip-
ment for the Dakota company of national guards. He
was told Dakota was already overdrawn and that until
Congress appropriated funds the Yankton guards would
have to uniform themselves in buckskins and use bows
and arrows.
"We next called at the treasury department to inquire
about starting a national bank in Yankton, and were
plainly told that no bank would be ordered by the
government unless the citizens could unite harmoniously
in an application. He ( whether the secretary of the
treasury or the comptroller of the currency, Armstrong
does not say I had no desire to establish a political bank
in the interest of anyone."
In closing his first newsletter to constituents in Dakota,
Armstrong wrote, "I have been in the house of repre-
sentatives twice this week, and in coming out each time
I lost my way among the labryinths, and found my-
self once in the basement and once in the garret of
the capitol. I have learned to watch the drinking mem-
bers, for when they go out they take the shortest cut
to the street."
After his week of discovery and diversion he got to
work for the advancement of the 10-year-old territory.
The principal need was for a railroad, for without the
necessary transportation to haul produce to eastern
markets settlers would have little incentive to move to
Dakota. After a year a few bills of interest in Dakota
had been passed but he was still working for a rail-
road and more settlers.
In February, 1872, Armstrong again went to the
treasury in reference to a bank for the territory. In his
newsletter dated on the 24th he described the activities
of the office of the comptroller as though he were escort-
ing his readers on a tour of the city. After an imaginary
visit at the White House:
"We now stroll down through the eastern lawn of
the grounds, passing a number of gushing fountains
and smooth grassy mounds, to the broad stone approach
to the mammoth treasury building.
(Continued on Page 2421
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 233
Excerpts From the "Report on the Finances 1855-6"
While researching several items, I located some interesting information in the REPORT
ON THE FINANCES 1855-6. The full title of this informative publication is Report of the
Secretary of the Treasury, on the State of Finances, for the year ending June 30, 1856. It
was printed by P. Nicholson, Printer, Washington, D. C. in 1856.
Statement "N" deals with the balances due from banks, formerly depositories of the public
money, which are unavailable, and have been so reported by the Treasury for a number of
years. There are 39 banks named, with locations, and the amount due per the last state-
ment of the Treasury. In short, this is a listing of 39 banks which failed, and their out-
standing circulation, as of 1856. Also, there is a short statement regarding some of the banks,
giving some background information on their failures.
It is hoped that this reprint of the REPORT ON THE FINANCES will give students of
obsolete currency some information on speci Sc banks.
HARRY G. WIGINGTON
STATEMENT N.
Statement of balances due from banks, formerly depositories of the
public money, which are unavailable, and have been so reported by
the Secretary of the Treasury for a number of years.
Amount due per
last settlement
No. Name and style of the banks. of the treasury.
1 Bank of Vincennes $168,511.64
2 Bank of Missouri 159,199.87
3 Bank of Tombecbee, Alabama 98,178.70
4 Bank of Washington, Pennsylvania 5,658.15
5 Bank of Steubenville, Ohio 300,056.33
6 Elkton Bank of Maryland 25,372.19
7 Bank of Somerset, Maryland 62,420.36
8 Farmers, Mechanics, and Manufacturers' Bank of
Chillicothe, Ohio 29,729.45
9 Miami Importing and Exporting Company 3,469.54
10 Farmers and Mechanics' Bank of Greencastle 595.00
11 Commercial Bank of Buffalo 846.94
12 Farmers and Mechanics' Bank of Pittsburg 1,311.00
13 Centre Bank of Pennsylvania 6,381.73
14 Farmers and Mechanics' Bank of Cincinnati 16,753.00
15 Bank of Illinois, Shawneetown 46.909.59
16 Saline Bank, Virginia 10,121.00
17 Juniata Bank of Pennsylvania 3,200.00
18 Bank of Edwardsville, Illinois 46,973.00
19 German Bank of Wooster 4,023.42
20 Bank of Columbia 49,225.66
21 Farmers and Mechanics' Bank of Indiana 31,683.90
22 Franklin Bank of Alexandria 48,000.00
23 Union Bank of Tennessee 246,905.21
24 Planters' Bank of Tennessee and branches 271,630.87
25 Franklin Bank of Cincinnati 12,753.52
26 Agricultural Bank of Mississippi 583.404.30
27 Franklin Bank of Boston 12,331.25
28 Merchants' Bank of Alexandria 3,217.00
29 Parkersburg Bank 198.00
30 Urbana Bank 2,839.00
31 Huntington Bank 2,380.00
32 Lebanon Miami Banking Company 9,575.00
33 Bedford Bank 4,059.57
34 Bank of Cincinnati 3,846.00
35 Commercial Bank of Cincinnati 1,021.50
36 Bank of Columbia, Georgetown 469,113.50
37 Commercial Bank of Lake Erie 10,900.00
38 Farmers and Mechanics' Bank of Cincinnati 20,213.01
39 Bank of the Metropolis 3,059.64
2,776,067.84
Deduct the amounts paid, and held up for payment,
in the following banks, viz :
Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, Indiana $31,683.90
Agricultural Bank, Mississippi 583,404.30
Bedford Bank 4,059.57
Commercial Bank of Lake Erie 10,900.00
Union Bank of Tennessee 246,905.21
Planters' Bank and Branches 271,630.87
Franklin Bank, Cincinnati 12,753.52
Bank of Washington, Pennsylvania
5,658.15 1,166.905.52
1,609,072.32
No. 1.—Bank of Vincennes.—In 1821, an arrangement
was made with this bank for the security of this debt, by
which sundry tracts and lots of land, and other securities,
were vested in trustees, to be sold for its payment. In
March, the Secretary of the Treasury was advised that
the debt would be nearly all lost. On the 3d September,
1830, the district attorney was instructed to institute suit
against the bank and sell all the trust property. One of
the tracts of land was sold in 1831 to William H. Neilson
for $6,000, and the remainder of the trust property was
disposed of at auction for $2,650.40; and on the 14th
January, 1833, the district attorney reported that the
above sums were all he expected to realize in the case,
the bank being hopelessly insolvent. On the 16th July,
1834, the department informed the district attorney of a
suspected abstraction of the funds of the bank, previous
to its failure, to avoid the claims of creditors; and in-
structed him to inquire into the matter, and if there
should appear a probability of establishing the fact, to
engage associate council in any legal proceedings that
might be necessary. On the 24th March, 1835, the dis-
trict attorney reported that nothing new could be estab-
lished, and the matter was suffered to rest. On the 3d
January, 1856, the district attorney was again written
to by the department, and a full history of the case, from
its earliest stages, furnished him, with a request to as-
certain what disposition has been made of the assigned
property, and the proceeds arising therefrom; and, also,
whether there has been legal proceedings commenced
against the officers of the bank, to make them liable for
the debt due the government beyond the property assigned,
to which no reply has been received.
No. 2.—Bank of Missouri.—This bank failed in 1821.
In 1823, its officers assigned and transferred to the United
States, for the security and ultimate payment of this
debt, notes, bonds, judgments and real estate due and be-
longing to it, amounting to $189,237.19. These evidences
of debt were placed in the hands of George S. Strother,
esq., a special agent appointed by the Secretary of the
Treasury, for collection, and for which he receipted,
January 20, 1823. Mr. Strother entered upon the duties
of his agency soon after, brought suits, recovered judg-
ments, foreclosed mortgages, caused executions to be
issued and levied on real estate, &c., and the property
sold; most of which he bought in as agent of the United
States. Mr. Strother surrendered his agency in 1830,
and was succeeded by Messrs. Shannon, O'Fallon and
Maginis, they by A. S. Jones, and he finally by the dis-
trict attorney A. S. Maginis.
Of the sum of $194,402.17, which consisted of judg-
ments, mortgages, rents, interest, &c., in Mr. Strother's
hands, but $40,503.69 and $6,078.61 compensation, allowed
Mr. Strother as agent, have been collected. On the 1st
February, 1856, the district attorney was furnished with
a history of this case by the department, and requested
to give his early attention to the matter, with a view to
closing the account against this bank. On the 25th Jan-
uary, 1856, Charles D. Drake, esq., acting district attor-
PAGE 234
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
ney, advised the department that Mr. Reynolds, the dis-
trict attorney, was then in Cuba, on government business,
and on his return would doubtless give the subject his
usual diligent attention. This case is now in the hands of
the proper government officer, but the department is with-
out advice as to the probable eventuality of success.
No. 3.-Bank of Tombecbee, Alabama.-Suit was in-
stituted in this ease July 21, 1827, and in December fol-
lowing, a transfer was made by the bank of notes dis-
counted, bonds, judgments, &c., to an amount exceeding
the debt to the United States. The district attorney was
instructed to suspend legal proceedings, on the debts
assigned being secured to his satisfaction, and to grant
indulgence to the parties of 1, 2, 3 and 4 years. Henry
Hitchcock, esq., then district attorney, was appointed to
carry this arrangement into effect, and all the notes,
bonds, &c., assigned, were placed in his hands for collec-
tion. Mr. Hitchcock collected at different times, and
paid over to the United States, the sum of $117,987.90.
A large amount of these debts still remains uncollected.
Mr. Hitchcock, although repeatedly requested, failed to
make a report before his decease, of his transactions in
the premises. On the 1st March, 1856, the district attor-
ney for southern Alabama was put in posession of all the
information respecting this case within the knowledge of
the department, and requested to ascertain the wherea-
bouts of the missing securities, and the responsibility of
the officers of the aforesaid bank to meet their obligations
to the government. The district attorney, on the 17th
March, and April 8, 1856, advised the department that
the case was utterly hopeless, both in regard to a recov-
ery of the lost securities and the balance due.
No. 4.-Bank of Washington, Pennsylvania.-This bank
failed in 1817. To secure the debt due by this bank to
the United States, George Baird, William Baird, and
Thomas H. Baird, on January 12, 1821, executed a bond
to the United States for $3,784.47, payable in eight an-
nual instalments, with interest from the date thereof.
On the same day, George Baird, John Wilson, and Wil-
liam Baird executed a similar bond for $4,000, with like
conditions, making the debt due and thus secured by the
hank $7,784.47.
The obligors on these bonds made payment on account
of interest and principal at different times, amounting
to $9,657.73, leaving a balance due, on the 20th August,
1842, of $5,658.88. On the 18th August, 1856, an act was
passed for the relief of Thomas H. Baird, administrator
of Absalom Baird, a commissioned surgeon in the army
of the revolution. From the amount thus appropriated,
the balance due on the above bonds has been suspended
as security for the debt.
No. 5.-Bank of Steubenville, Ohio.-This bank stopped
payment in 1825, and in that year an agreement was
made with the Secretary of the Treasury, by which the
bank confessed judgment for $170,000, and gave its note
for the amount, payable January 1, 1827, with interest.
B. Wells & Co., debtors to said bank, also confessed judg-
ment for $120,000, and gave their two notes for $60,000
each to the United States, one payable January 1, 1830,
and the other December 31, 1830, each bearing interest
from January, 1827. The parties having failed to comply
with the terms of this arrangement, executions issued
against both the bank and Wells & Co. The amount
collected and paid into the treasury, from the sale of
property belonging to the bank and Wells & Co., was
$38,295.13. A general proposition for compromise was
made, under the act of March 3, 1837, the result of which
is unknown to the department.
On the 13th March, 1856, the district attorney was
furnished with a detailed statement of all the facts in
this case within the knowledge of the department, and
requested to give a full history thereof. The district
attorney is now engaged in its investigation, the result
of which has not transpired.
No. 6.-Elkton Bank of Maryland.-The Bank of Co-
lumbia, while acting as fiscal agent of the United States,
towards the close of the last war with Great Britian,
received and held certain notes of the Elkton Bank on
special deposite. Suit having been ordered on these notes,
the bank assigned two notes of P. Thomas to the United
States, amounting to $20,000. The payments credited
on said notes amount to $20,184.06, and warrants were
drawn to cover the interest in favor of the Treasury of
the United States. The balance due the United States,
December 31, 1843, for principal and interest, was
$25,372.19. The district attorney, on the 30th April, 1856,
advised the department that the debt was desperate, all
the officers of the bank having passed away, and the act
of the general assembly of Maryland of 1810 having
absolved all those concerned therein from individual
liability.
No. 7.-Bank of Somerset, Maryland.-On the 15th
July, 1820, an agreement was entered into between the
Comptroller of the Treasury, on behalf of the United
States, and directors of this bank, by which the latter
entered into bond to pay the principal of this debt on or
before the expiration of five years. The bond not being
paid at maturity, the district attorney of Maryland was
instructed to institute suit against the parties. Suit was
instituted, but never decided for want of the report of the
accountant, and was finally stricken off the docket. The
amount due by this bank, February 1, 1844, exclusive of
interest, was $62,420.36. On the 7th April, 1856, the
district attorney was furnished with all the leading facts
in this case, and directed to give it his personal attention,
but up to this time has made no report of the proceedings.
8.-Farmers, Mechanics and Manufacturers' Bank
of Chillicothe, Ohio.-At the time this bank stopped pay-
ment, in 1817, the receiving and disbursing agents were
in posession of its notes and bills to the amount of $23,905.
Suit was instituted against the bank, and at September
term, 1823, judgment was obtained for $29,729.45 and
costs, upon which executions issued, which were returned,
"no goods, no lands."
On the 16th April, 1856, the district attorney was
informed of all the facts in this case known to the depart-
ment, and requested to give it his immediate attention, to
which that officer has made no reply.
9.-Miami Importing and Exporting Company.-In
this case, the bank claimed a greater sum than the bal-
ance against it. The suit brought was tried at June
term, 1825, and the court allowed a credit of $5,417.41,
and judgment was rendered for 3,373.59. Further pro-
ceedings were suspended to enable the parties to petition
Congress for relief. On the 21st April, 1856, the district
attorney was written to by the department, and put in
possession of all the information within its reach. No
report has been received from that officer.
10.-Farmers and Mechanics' Bank of Greencastle,
Pennsylvania.-This bank stopped payment in 1817.
Judgment was obtained in 1821, against Matthew Lund.
cashier, and the president, directors and company for
$595, for which an execution was issued, and returned
"nulla bona." On the 25th April, 1856, the district attor-
ney for Eastern Pennsylvania was written to concerning
the debt, and requested to ascertain the liability of the
defendants or their legal representatives to meet the
claim of the United States, but the department is unad-
vised of his action in the premises.
11.-Commercial Bank, Buffalo.-On the 25th October,
1837, this bank failed to comply with the requisitions
made upon it in conformity with the first section of the
act of Congress for adjusting the remaining claims upon
the late deposite banks, passed October 16, 1837. On
November 13, 1837, its officers entered into bond to secure
to the United States the balance then due; payments
were made from time to time, until the debt was reduced
to $846.94. The department addressed a communication
to the district attorney for Northern New York, setting
forth the facts of the case, and requesting his attention
thereto, but is without advice as to the result of his in-
quiries.
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 235
12.—Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, Pittsburg.—This
claim arose from a deposite of the notes of this institu-
tion in the Bank of Columbia, as early as January 1, 1817,
which were included in the special deposite transferred
by the Bank of the United States. On the 29th April,
1856, the district attorney was requested to furnish a
full history of this case, with a view to its settlement,
but the result of his labors has not yet been communi-
cated to the department.
13.—Centre Bank of Pennsylvania.—This bank stopped
payment in 1823. On the 26th March, 1826, it executed
a bond to the United States for $10,901.25, and on the
20th June, 1826, paid $1,000. It also assigned to the
United States the bond of John Norris, dated August 8,
1821, for $11,500, the payment of which was secured by
mortgage on real estate, from John Norris and James
Chiswell. These papers were delivered to the district
attorney, where it is believed they still remain. The
sum of $4,500 has since been collected from the proceeds
of a sale of Mr. Norris's property. On the 26th June,
1856, the district attorney was fully advised of all the
facts in this case, and requested to report all the pro-
ceedings had therein. The department has not yet been
advised of the result of his labors.
14.—Farmers and Mechanics' Bank of Cincinnati.—On
the 8th March, 1822, the bank was indebted to the United
States in the sum of $36,966.01. Joseph S. Benham, esq.,
by letter dated May 12, 1831, informed the department
that while he was district attorney for Ohio, he recovered
a judgment for a large amount against this bank, in
favor of the United States, which was still unsatisfied.
A large amount of the stock of this institution was at
its failure transferred by the stockholders to the bank,
in payment of their debts, and in this way the fund to
which the creditors had a right to look for payment was
absorbed. The supreme court of Ohio decided that the
transfer was illegal, and that the stockholders were liable
in chancery to the amount of their stock. Proceedings
were commenced against the stockholders in June, 1831,
but the result thereof is unknown at this time to the de-
partment. The district attorney, on the 3d July, 1856,
was furnished with all the information known to the
Solicitor of the Treasury, and requested to investigate
the matter thoroughly, with a view to the final disposi-
tion of the case. No answer thereto has been received.
No. 15.—Bank of Illinois, Shawneetown.—This bank
stopped payment in 1825. In 1828 it made an assign-
ment to the district attorney of debts due the bank to a
large amount. Of the debts thus assigned, collections
had been made to the amount of $25,173.16, and there
yet remained to be collected about $2,000 of good debts,
and $16,000 of bad or doubtful, on which no calculation
could be made, (vide district attorney's report dated April
23, 1836.) In April, 1856, the district attorney for
southern Illinois was furnished with all the information
concerning this case known to the department, with in-
structions to use his best endeavors to secure the debt,
and ultimately close this case. No report has been re-
ceived.
No. 16.—Saline Bank, Virginia.—Suit brought in this
case against the stockholders of the bank, the bank itself
being hopelessly insolvent, in August, 1820. In 1825 the
court decided that the stockholders were not liable, and
at January term, 1828, the Supreme Court confirmed the
decision.
No. 17.—Juniata Bank of Pennsylvania.—This bank
stopped payment in 1817. It has never been reported for
suit.
No. 18.—Bank of Edwardsville, Illinois.—This bank
failed in 1821. Suit was brought against it in the
United States district court of Illinois, in March 1823;
and judgment was recovered at June term, 1824, for
$53,442.86. In the year 1829 an execution issued on the
judgment at law against the bank, under which the bank-
ing-house and sundry lots of land were sold by the
marshal for $1,189.29, and the marshal returned "no more
property found." On the 6th March, 1833, the district
attorney reported that the trustees of the bank were all
insolvent. In the years 1834, 1835, and 1836, the district
attorney reported that the receiver was using his exer-
tions to make collections, but with little prospect of suc-
cess; that the chancery suit was still pending, but that
he had little hope of making anything out of it.
No. 19.—German Bank of Wooster.—Judgment as-
signed Adamson Bentley $3,857.72; judgment assigned
Robert Bentely $165.70.
No. 20.—Bank of Columbia.— Not reported for suit.
No. 21.—Farmers and Mechanics' Bank of Indiana.—
Under an act of Congress passed July, 1832, this debt
was settled by compromise, and the amount was secured
to be paid in three annual instalments of $10,561.30 each,
from 15th March, 1833, without interest. The first in-
stalment of $10,561.30 was paid at maturity; the second
instalment of $10,561.30 was also paid at maturity; but
the third instalment was not paid, and suit was brought
to collect it, and the sum of $10,692.17 was collected,
leaving a small balance not accounted for, which the
present district attorney is in pursuit of. The whole
amount collected is $31,814.77.
No. 22.—Franklin Bank of Alexandria.—Not reported
for suit.
No. 23.—Union Bank of Tennessee.—Referred state-
ments of payment to auditor for settlement, 22d April,
1856. Not reported for suit.
No. 24.—Planters' Bank of Tennessee, and branches.—
Not reported for suit. Referred statement of payments
to auditor for settlement 22d April, 1856.
No. 25.—Franklin Bank of Cincinnati.—Not reported
for suit. Referred to the First Auditor for settlement
(money having been paid) 22d April, 1856.
No. 26.—Agricultural Bank of Mississippi.—Case closed.
No. 27.—Franklin Bank, Boston.—Brought suit Janu-
ary 22, 1838, and the sum of $4,368.75 was collected.
Judgment was obtained August 2, 1839, for $14,897.10.
Execution issued, and was levied upon real estate, which
was set off to the United States, by extent, for $9,784.15,
the title to which is in litigation. Nothing further col-
lected. Bank is insolvent.
No. 28.—Merchants' Bank, A lexandria.—Suit ordered
in 1820, but never brought, the district attorney reporting
the bank as hopelessly insolvent.
No. 29.—Parkersburg Bank.—Suit brought in 1820.
In 1825 the district attorney reported that the cause a-
waited the decision of the Supreme Court, the questions
being the same as Saline Bank in all respects. That case
was decided against the United States, and this debt was
consequently lost.
No. 30.—Urbana Bank.—Not reported for suit.
No. 31.—Huntingdon Bank.—Not reported for suit.
No. 32.—Lebanon Miami Banking Company.—Not re-
ported for suit.
No. 33.—Bedford Bank.—Case closed.
No. 34.—Bank of Cincinnati.—Not reported for suit.
No. 35.—Commercial Bank of Cincinnati.—Not re-
ported for suit.
No. 36.—Bank of Columbia, Georgetown.—Not reported
for suit.
No. 37.—Commercial Bank of Lake Erie.—Case closed.
No. 38.—Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, Cincinnati.—
Utterly insolvent. Nothing done since date of settlement.
RACE 236
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
Development of the Spinney. Signature
By BRENT H. HUGHES
SPMC #7
T HE world of numismatics has had its share of
characters and personalities over the years, all of
whom left their mark of one kind or another.
Among paper money collectors one individual stands
out in both the charm of his personality and the distinc-
tion of his signature. He is fondly remembered today
as "the father of fractional currency," the man who
delighted in closing his many letters with "your obedient
servant, F. E. Spinner."
His famous signature has fascinated people for over
a century. It symbolizes the spirit of a time when the
schoolmarm insisted upon strict attention to the teaching
of "readin'. writin' and 'rithmetic," when the graceful
curves of Spencerian script were seen on every black-
board, and every businessman expected every employee
to write a "good hand." As a result, today's collector
finds in every box of old documents a wealth of beautiful
handwriting with signatures rendered with a flourish
rarely encountered in the modern business world.
But even among his countemporaries, Francis Spinner's
signature stood out. So unique was his autograph that
two reporters from Scribner's Monthly in 1873 delighted
in watching him sign his name with his unusual pen,
which they described as "of peculiar construction, and
has three points, . . . the ink used has the thickness and
consistency of mud and the blackness of Egyptian dark-
ness, and is piled up on the paper to a height of which
we would be incredulous had we never seen it, arid
which, having been seen. renders us more ink-credulous
(sic) still."
The female member of the reporter team had examined
Spinner's portrait on the third issue fifty-cent fractional
currency note and found that it did not do him justice.
She stated, "There is an expression of honesty and open-
ness of nature about his homely features, and a twinkle of
humor in the eye, which the artist has failed to re-
produce, and which render the face, like Lincoln's fine
and genial. and far from unpleasing. A grizzly mus-
tache, cut unreasonably short at the corners of the month,
does not help to supply the lack of beauty in the features.
The wide, determined mouth, and the square, heavy
chin, suggest the irreverent idea that personal appear-
ance, no less than watchful care, of the nation's treasure,
have led to the bestowal of the sobriquet of 'Watchdog
of the Treasury' by which the faithful Treasurer is so,
well known."
Development of the Man
A study of the famous autograph shows that it deve-
loped, even as yours and mine, over a period of years
with many variations. To trace this development, some
biographical material is in order.
Francis Elias Spinner was born on January 21, 1802,
the first-born of John Peter Spinner and Mary Magdalene
Bruement Spinner. The year before his birth, his
Photographic enlargement of the engraved portrait of
Francis E. Spinner used on the Third Issue 50c fractional
currency note (Friedberg 1324 through 1338). It is this
portrait that many modern writers mistakenly view as
illegally used since Spinner was living at the time the
note appeared. The law banning such use stated, ". . .
no portrait or likeness of any living person hereafter
engraved, shall be place upon any of the bonds, securi-
ties, notes, Fractional or Postal Currency of the United
States." The key words are "hereafter engraved"; since
this act was dated April 7, 1866, any note engraved
prior to that date could be legally issued. The Third
General Issue was provided by the Act of June 30, 1864
with notes being issued from December 5, 1864 to Au-
gust 16, 1869. Thus the statement that the portrait of
Spencer M. Clark on the 5c note, William Pitt Fessenden
on the 25c note, and Spinner on the 50c note were used
illegally is incorrect.
parents had emigrated from Baden, Germany where his
father had been a Catholic priest before embracing
Protestantism and marrying. In this country his father
became pastor at the old Fort Herkimer Church at Ger-
man Flats (later Mohawk) in New York state. He was
to remain at this church for the next 40 years.
As was the custom at the time, young Francis was
apprenticed, first to a candy maker in Albany and later
to a saddler in Amsterdam, N. Y. At age 22. Francis
returned to Herkimer where he opened a small store.
Two years later, he married Caroline Caswell. Some-
how he became interested in the military and took an
active part in the State Militia, which was climaxed in
1834 when he achieved the rank of Major General of
1825 - Age 23.
(-3,N ce— • •
,
1826 - 1st. Lt., State Militia
1831 - Deputy Sheriff
To asierrr of ff ni!,1
Mohawk Bank1855 - Cashier,
1847 - Cashier, Mohawk Bank 1866 - Treasury document
1848 - Cashier, Mohawk Bank 1869 - U. S. Treasurer
1869 - Personal letter
1876 - Retired, age 83
1 .•=z
1887 - Age 85.
i t
1889 - ‘g7.
1865 - U. S. Treasurer
--- 1- .E...tsurn of tlgt r!lititrb ,.4"tatts.
ti-
1839 - Bank Document 0 Cf. \ L BUSINESS.
1865 - Written frank on envelope
1845 - Cashier, Mohawk Bank
1846 - Cashier, Mohawk Bank 1866 - U. S.
c4/q(°(
Treasurer
WHCLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 237
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPINNER SIGNATURE •1825-1890
eor. )
1832 - Col. , State Militia
1836 - Sheriff
)
1838 - Hospital Fund Raiser
PL411
1859 - President, Mohawk Bank
1860 - Member of Congress
• 1PgiliC'
,Treasurer ale 5S'.
1869 - Printed Signature as
U. S. Treasurer
1872 - U. S. Treasurer
1890 - Age 88, six weeks
before his death.
the Third Artillery Division. Two signatures from
documents signed during his military career have sur-
vived and are illustrated in our chart. It was in his
military work that Spinner first demonstrated the organi-
zational abilities that would serve him well in later
years. He was tireless in his efforts to bring industry
to his town, and the development of the Mohawk Valley
was due largely to his influence.
As a young man he was appointed Deputy Sheriff and
later was elected Sheriff of Herkimer County. In this
office he became involved in some kind of incident in
which his signature was forged, one possibility being the
fraudulent release of a prisoner. One old record states
that as a result of this incident Spinner "perfected" his
signature to make it more difficult "for counterfeiters."
This apparently consisted of adding flourishes and broad
RE.CLI‘A'ALE FOR ALL CFI
PAGE 238
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
Photograph of engraved portrait of Francis E. Spinner,
Treasurer of the U. S., 1861-1875.
U. S. Fractional Currency varieties showing two printed
signatures of Spinner. Minor variations are present, but
the general configuration is more or less standardized.
U. S. Fractional Currency varieties showing autographs
of Spinner. Such notes were personally signed by the
Register and Treasurer for presentation to Congressmen
and other dignitaries.
Photograph of Treasury Department official envelope bearing handwritten frank
of F. E. Spinner, Treasurer, addressed to M. D. Phillips, Esqr., Henrietta, N. Y.
Paper Money PAGE 239WHOLE NO. 59
Nfl VALLE
I2-46
if.51;f,t
°
////," /-//;/. ( c/7 c /
This note is rejected because it was stolen when unsign,ed, and is
therefore worthless, the sign,atares being forged.
4.7(Zsie st,4‘,#.4AC
Treas. U. S.
vInd Redemption Agent.
Check of the Mohawk Valley Bank, Mohawk, New York, 1853, bearing signature of F. E. Spinner
as cashier.
Photograph of printed Treasury Department form advising citizen that a note submitted for redemp-
tion was worthless. Note the short concise language used, a feature missing from so many govern-
ment form today.
Vasurp of tip IniteD *tats.
0 CIA L BUSINESS.
//i/— lacy-• i as...
'4 4177 ( 9--t■ r z
CC7eli Pla (4-
PAGE 240
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
Photograph of letter entirely hand-written by E. F. Spinner: "Treasury of the
United States, Washington, March 5, 1869. Dear Sir:—In response to your note of
the 3rd instant I would answer that country where every citizen is the political
peer of every other citizen—the adoption of the 15th article of the Constitution
will go a long way in the right direction. Very respectfully yours, F. E. Spinner.
John N. Scouller, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa." The 15th Amendment referred to deals
with the right to vote by any U. S. citizen regardless of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude.
strokes toto the capital letters. Hours of practice are
necessary to consistently achieve a smooth flow with
the pen point needed for such strokes, and Spinner be-
came an expert.
In 1839, Spinner joined some other local businessmen
in founding the Mohawk Valley Bank, an institution
which he served for the next 16 years as cashier, director
and finally president. During this time his signature
acquired a certain uniformity, and we are fortunate that
many checks signed by Spinner still survive today. In
fact, most collectors of checks today regard the Spinner
item as a most interesting part of their treasures.
Inevitably Spinner moved toward national politics and
service in Washington. In 1854. he was elected to Con-
gress as a Free-Soil Democrat, a party which had been
formed in 1848 in a dispute over slavery in the newly-
formed states. The Free-Soilers and Northern Whigs
formed the nucleus of the Republican Party when it was
established in 1854. Spinner was re-elected twice but
declined the nomination in 1860, apparently intending
to return to his beloved bank.
Salmon P. Chase, Lincoln's Secretary of the Treasury,
had other plans for Spinner, however, and on March
4, 1861. he was appointed Treasurer of the United
Treasurer of the United States.
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 241
rmutp of fly. anitcb
er;/.2:,0
CneVaded yca vara '
Aczyaa /a olli° ciao' . rjee'eldl (7//C
/
zee( f, aim/ falizzn e ./ 7(7 /41 #ef' 17Y
070004// 7L
//a acaanzAerpwraa:
f
a12(-7 catata
(71117 41/ 71/
ait aa74
41ezemplaa /aymapt weidatyl
(.7
4 Ce 7/ 71'1'/O//?;
/)
del ?XII
N. B.—The payee vf a Treasury draft, ylan he ectlosses it, or. presenting it jar payment, receipts it, should
• write his 'name thereon as it is 7ClittC11, ill the draft or in the endorsement that assigns it to him, taleing care to
AFFIX his official or representative style or tide, if it be written in the draft or in said C71110CSCMCl2t. At C -fielOrSC-
wwq by a MARK dirndl/ be attested by two subscribing witnesses; if by a substitute, it nntst be accompanied
eridnnee of 81,7,4itction, except in the rw.,e of in, , ,ddvnt or each ivr ryf a bank cc other institution.
Photograph of a cover letter bearing hand-written signature of Francis E. Spinner. The letter asks
the payee to sign and return a receipt for the enclosed check, and to cash it without delay. Note
that Spinner felt inclined to fill all the available space with a large, exuberant signature.
States. The famous autograph would soon be known
all over the world, for the approaching Civil War meant
that the U. S. Government would be forced for the first
time to issue paper money. Spinner's signature would
appear on the first issues and on a multitude of Treasury
Department documents.
Spinner faced great difficulties in operating the Trea-
surer's office during the war. His staff was continually
depleted by the military draft. He solved the problem
in a novel fashion he hired women. This immediately
brought on a political flap in Congress where all kinds
of charges were w oiced that these women engaged in
"immoral activities" while on duty, especially on the
night shift. Throughout the turmoil Spinner staunchly
defended his employees and eventually the so-called
scandal died out. In his annual report for 1864, the
Treasurer paid his "Treasury girls" a great compliment:
"But for the employment of females, whose compensation
is low, and in most cases too low, it would have been
impossible to have carried on the business of the office
with the compensation allowed." His continual battle
for better wages and working conditions for his staff
brought him great respect, and his obvious ability kept
him in office until 1875.
if:.t ye,e./
c42, cefiX,/ 7*
Z..te/: v/c,;,/1
7,-„„
rit
7et
PAGE 242
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
Photograph of letter entirely hand-written by F. E.
Spinner: "Jacksonville, Fla., May 26, 1876. Dear Sir:
Your letter of the 20th instant, by you directed to my
address at Utica, was from there forwarded to my
home at Mohawk, and from there to me here, where I
spend my winters.—The request therein preferred has
been complied with. Very respectfully yours, F. E.
Spinner. Mr. Louis R. Mengh, Newark, N. J."
The Spinner signature underwent minor changes, pri-
marily in the large flourishes, to fit it to currency de-
sign limitations. He continued to sign many documents
at the Treasury and the signature became more or less
standardized. To the end of his career in Washington
he took time to personally greet visitors and willingly
signed a variety of items that were offered. If Spinner
were living today, most commentators would probably
say that he had "charisma," the personal magnetism
that great men have that separates them from the usual
run of mankind.
Upon retirement he moved to Florida where he re-
mained active for another 15 years. As he aged, the
famous autograph became more and more erratic, finally
becoming almost illegible just before his death. Cut
down by cancer, he passed away on December 31, 1890
at the home of his daughter, Mrs. James Schumacher,
wife of the president of the First National Bank of
Jacksonville. His unique signature lives on, as fascinat-
ing today as it was a century ago.
The chart shown herein is based on one compiled by
Herman K. Crofoot, an early collector of Spinner
material, with additions from the author's collection.
Much of the Crofoot collection is now housed at the
Smithsonian Institution, but enough other Spinner docu-
ments are still available even today to make the search
interesting.
First. National in Dakota
(From Page 232)
"Let us climb the great granite steps and enter its
marble palaces of gold and greenbacks. First we will
try to find our way to the office of the comptroller of the
currency, to ascertain what he can do for us in the way
of starting a national bank in Dakota. We pass between
marble pillars standing as thick and large as forest trees,
until we find at the entrance a one-legged messenger
who points us up a broad, gas-lighted and steam heated
hall, as long as a whole block of lots in Yankton. We
pass on, witnessing scores of clerks at work in the long
line of rooms that open upon either hand, until we
reach the other end. Here we inquire of another mess-
enger, one-armed this time, who directs us up the iron
stairs to the next floor, and here we are met by a little
old Irishman, with an eye shot out by a rebel bullet,
who points us down another long passage, to the comp-
troller's room. On we go, passing, as before, hundreds
of clerks busily engaged in the rooms that open to the
right and left. We find the comptroller attentively
engaged signing his name to papers and a female clerk
beside him 'blotting' his signatures, and withdrawing
the manuscripts.
"He turns to us for a moment, and says that he has
awarded to Dakota $100.000 of the national currency,
but that the parties whom he had authorized last summer
to subscribe for the bank stock have thus far failed
to deposit the required security before the issue of notes
can be authorized. We then filed the application of
forty merchants of Yankton, who agree to deposit the
bonds in thirty days, if a charter be given them for the
First National Bank of Dakota. He takes the paper,
reads it and requests us to call to-morrow. We bow and
retire, and walk down the long aisle past the multitude
of rooms where are flying the lightning fingers and
flexible tongues of five hundred female clerks who are
counting, cutting, trimming, packing and making, bright,
new, laughing greenbacks. If a man can ever believe
with Shakespeare, the 'money is worthless trash,' he
will believe it here, where the stuff is handled and
packed by young girls as freely and abundantly as new
mown hay. But we must begin to get out of this great
cave of the national finances. There are too many
ladies and greenbacks here for the safety of a Western
man, so we begin to descend again the heavy iron stair-
ways to the marble gold rooms, where we witness a
number of male clerks standing and counting, by the
wagon load, filthy lucre, with a rapidity truly astonish-
ing. . . ."
(Concluded on Page 247)
A I III
Palmanova siege notes, 1848
(AR TA MO%ETA1.4
CL Itit
MrP,
y.,01052.
COMMISSIONEto FINANZA
4, P
I
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 243
Siege Money Issued in the Occupied Territories of Italy 1813-1848
By DR. MICHAEL KUPA
Budapest, Hungary
URING both the Napoleonic (1813-1814) and the
Revolutionary (1848) Wars in Italy, the following
siege money was issued in the occupied territories:
I. 1813 CATTARO
At the siege of the French-occupied town and fortress
of Cattaro by the British and Montenegrin troops, the
Town-Council issued emergency paper money, the so-
called "Billet", of two francs denomination. The note
was printed in black on white paper. The signatures and
serial numbers were handwritten; the reverse was blank.
No copy is known in existence today.
At the same time obsidional coins (siege pieces or
necessity money) of one and five francs denominations
were in circulation.
II. 1813 ZARA
During the siege of the French-occupied fortress and
town of Zara, the Town-Council issued emergency paper
money of two francs. Seven series appeared, each is-
sue consisting of 10,000 pieces of the two franc note.
They were printed in black on white paper. Each has
two signatures as well as the serial numbers handwritten,
and a brown oval stamp. The reverse is blank. Dimen-
sions are 105 x 85 rnm. This "Papier de Siege" had
valuations in both French francs and Venetian lira. The
French 2 francs equalled Venetian lira 3:18:2.
During this period also, obsidional coins in the fol-
lowing denominations were circulated:
1 once equivalent to French francs 4.60
2 onces equivalent to French francs 9.20
4 onces equivalent to French francs 18.40
The coins were also marked with the valuations ac-
cording to both the Italian and French monetary sys-
tems.
III. 16 October 1813-19 April 1814 PALMANOVA
The fortification of Palmanova was occupied by the
French General Barone di Volterre. After the start of
the siege by the Austrian troops, the COMMISSIONE
DI FINANZA PALMANOVA issued emergency notes to
alleviate the money shortage.
The notes were done on bluish-white handmade paper
in a sum of 50,000 lire, with the usual handwritten parts
supplied by an oval stamp. The paper has the watermark
C e I HONIG, or A F G-1810.
The notes were signed by the following: Giuseppe
T o r n a s c h i, Burco, Francesco Carminati, Giacomo
Biasiolli, Pasquale Celin, Paolo Ebro, Gio Batta Fabris,
Gio Batta Pellegrini, Lodovico Ferrari, Giovanni Nada-
nich, Giuseppe Putelli, Gaspar() Zanulini.
2 Lire, 95 by 145 mm (7,500 pieces)
5 Lire, 125 by 125 mm (3,000 pieces)
10 Lire, 180 by 125 mm (1,000 pieces)
25 Lire, 205 by 110 mm ( 400 pieces)
During the siege a bronze coin in the 50 centimes
denomination was also struck and put into circulation.
IV. 24 March 24 June 1848 PALMANOVA
While Milano and Venice were free from the Austrian
troops, the Austrian fortress PALMANOVA went over
to the Italian insurgents and later was besieged by the
Austrian forces.
The COMMISSIONE DI FINANZA again issued
emergency paper money as during the 1813-14 period
in the sum of 60,000 lire.
The centesimi notes were printed on white card 75 x
90 mm. The single signature and the serial numbers
were handwritten, and at the left border is an oval stamp
reading COMMISSIONE DI FINANZA PALMANOVA
IN STATO D'ASSIDIO 1848.
The lire notes were partly handwritten, partly printed
on white card with two stamps in a dimension of 166 x
146 mm. The notes appeared rarely on watermarked
paper with only a single letter or mark visible on a
note. On the printed notes the value indication is made
in red, the date in green.
The lire notes were signed by the following: Dr.
Giuseppe Putelli, Dr. Bastiano Torre, Pietro Fredericis,
Paper MoneyPAGE 244 WHOLE NO. 59
Sebastian° Buri, Nicol° Michielli, G. Batt. tliana,
Francesco Fabris, Giuseppe Focazzi.
Each note has two stamps: in an oval, COMMISSIONE
DI FINANZA PALMANOVA IN STATO D'ASSIDIO
1848; and in a circle, COMANDO DELLA FORTEZZA
PALMA NOVA. Both are in black. The reverse of each
note is blank.
Naturally, there are some varieties among the hand-
written notes.
A. Handwritten notes :
1 Lira 3 Lire
2 Lire 6 Lire
B. Printed notes :
5 centesimi 1
not put into circulation
10 centesimi j
25 centesimi, 6,000 pieces
50 centesimi, 9,000 pieces
1 Lira, 11,000 pieces (together with handwritten ones)
2 Lire, 8,000 pieces (together with handwritten ones)
3 Lire, 5,000 pieces (together with handwritten ones)
6 Lire, 2,000 pieces (together with handwritten ones)
10 Lire
50 Lire not put into circulation
100 Lire
V. 7 April-12 October 1848 OSOPPO
The fortress Osoppo also went over from the Austrian
forces to the Italian insurgents. To remedy the money
shortage the Finance Commission issued wholly hand-
written emergency paper money in a sum of Austrian
lira 6,180.
The notes were written on greyish-white paper in a
dimension of 158-169 x 70-74 mm. The reverse is blank.
All notes have five signatures as follows: Zannini, L.
Andervolti, G. Vecchiaritti, Enrico Francia, Giacinto
Franceschinis.
All notes also have three stamps in rectangles: COM-
MANDO D'ARTIGLERIA IN OSOPPO, Deputazione
Comunale di Osoppo. and COMMANDO DEL FORTE
D'OSOPPO.
50 centesimi, 169 by 70 mm
1 Lira, 159 by 72 mm
2 Lire, 158 by 72 mm
3 Lire, 159 by 74 mm
6 Lire, 159 by 72 mm
50 Lire, 160 by 73 mm
100 Lire, 160 by 73 mm
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
BUKY, Jozsef DR: Ausztria papirpenz kibocsatasanak tortenete a
XVIII. szazad kozepetol 1850-ig (History of the Austria's paper
money emissions from the middle of 18 Century to 1850), Budapest,
1937.
Katalog der Papiergeldsammlung weiland Dr. Adolf Ehrenfeld, Wien,
1927.
KUPA, Mihaly DR: Carta-Moneta. del Regno Lombardo-Veneto 1796-
1866. Reprint from Italia Numismatica 5/1964.
CIAMBERINI, di Scarfea Cesare DR: La Carta Monetata in Italia.
Volume I., Bologna, 1907.
MINI, Adolfo: La Carta Moneta Italiana 1746-1960. Palermo. 1967.
MANCINI, Libero : Catalogo Italiano della Cartamoneta 1746-1966.
Bologna, 1966.
BOBBA, Cesare: Cartamoneta. Italiana dal 1746 ai giorni nostri. IV.
edizione, Asti, 1971.
Postal Use of Russia's Currency Stamps
(From "Philatelic Magazine," London, December 1974)
One of the results of Russia's economic troubles early
in the first world war, was a desperate shortage of metal
for coinage. As a stopgap measure, the imperial govern-
ment reprinted certain of the current postage stamps on
card and released them for circulation as currency. It
has been stated that their use for postal purposes was
categorically prohibited and that postage due was charged
on any letter found to be bearing them. The August 1974
issue of our Moscow contemporary "Philateliya SSSR"
carries an article by D. Kouznetsov which offers evidence
to modify the view previously held. We reproduce the
article below, in translation, by courtesy of "Philateliya
SSSR".
In 1915 the Ministry of Finance issued "stamp money"
in values of 10, 15 and 20 kopeks. These items were
printed on very thick paper from cliches of the postage
stamps of the Jubilee Issue of 1913*. On the reverse side
they carried the inscription: "In circulation on equal
footing with silver coinage."
In philatelic journals and catalogues one reads that it
was forbidden to make use of these currency stamps for
postal purposes. Certainly they were not sold in post
offices; and in cancelled state, especially on cover, one
rarely comes across them.
Recently in the State Archives of the Perm Oblast* *
a document was shown us which demonstrates that the
postal authorities did not in fact stand in the way of the
use of this "stamp money" for the payment of postage.
Carrying out instructions received from the Chief
Directorate of Posts and Telegraphs and dated October
8th 1915 (Order No. 8907), the Chief Officer at the Perm
Posts and Telegraphs region instructs all establishments
under his jurisdiction that "in the event of payment being
made, for the transmission of postal communications,
with currency stamps issued by the Ministry of Finance,
then such items are to be accepted without hindrance . . ."
At the same time, the instructions do point out that
"it is required to be explained to the public that the afore-
said stamps are intended for circulation exclusively as
coinage and therefore should not be used for payment of
postal fees of any kind, instead of postage stamps."
Whether a dispensation similar to that described above
was given in the case of the 1, 2 and 3 kopek values which
were put into circulation as currency in 1917, is not at
present established.
However, as the 10, 15 and 20 kopek currency stamps
were "accepted without hindrance" postally, their exis-
tence on cover does not after all present itself as "an
oversight on the part of postal employees" or as a case
of "cancellation by favour", as was previously thought.
These currency stamps were in practice as valid for
postage as any other stamps. They must therefore be
allowed to take their place in the albums of philatelists.
Commemorating the 300th anniversary of the Romanov
dynasty on the throne of Russia.
'' A province on the western slopes of the Urals.
•
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 245
"Peter" Nationals and a Theory About Collecting
By PETER HUNTOON
TOR ME a currency collection represents a challenge,
a source of pride, an investment, and, some people
would argue, a point of vanity. The photos that
accompany this article may substantiate that last charge!
I heavily weight the challenge part. I discovered early
that if you want to collect, you must collect something
that is tractable BUT virtually impossible to complete.
Tractability implies that you design your goal so that
it falls within your financial means to carry it to a
reasonable conclusion. At the same time it must be of
sufficient scope so that you can be successful in adding
items to the "set" periodically to maintain interest.
However, the task should be impossible to complete;
otherwise you wake up some day with the realization
that you have "done it" and the whole thing becomes
anticlimactic.
In paper my first experience with this frustration
occurred when I set as my goal a state collection of
Nationals. I figured this to be a lifetime proposition in
1965. However, one fortuitous situation followed an-
other and I landed the keys early an Alaska for $50,
for example—and in less than three years the set was
finished.
For months before I added the last states—North
Dakota, Delaware, North Carolina, and finally Vermont
to be specific I realized that the task was almost done
and I began casting about for a new challenge. I settled
on trying to build a bank collection of Arizona Nationals
with its primary objective of containing one note from
every hank which issued them. That is impossible, in
my opinion, although I have gotten within 75 percent
so far.
This brings to mind a very interesting observation by
a coin dealer friend of mine in Tucson, Hal Birt. It
was Hal's opinion that collectors statistically outlived
non-collectors. He attributed this solely to the fact that
die-hard collectors were going to make it just a little
further along in hopes of the chance to fill that last
hole in the album. I think there is something to this.
In fact, I figure that since I will have to wait forever
to find all my Arizonas, I have found the key to im-
mortality!
With my Arizonas, I found a task that is impossible
but now the problem develops that the new additions to
the "family" are so few and far between that I stand
a chance of burning out, facing such discouraging odds.
The solution is to diversify. I have now set a sub-
sidiary goal to complete a type collection of the small
note mules through the $5 denomination. This lets me
work with other classes of currency and also places me
in a field that currently seems to be in the syngraphic
doghouse. This sad status implies that knowledgeable
competitors are probably scarcer than the rare pieces,
so I may build this collection for little or nothing. Of
course, my heirs may get a lot less for it.
Another secondary collection struck me as a possibility
a few years ago. As 1 picked through the rags looking
for state notes and Arizonas, I began to realize that there
were a lot of Peter-towns. Naturally with the first name
of Peter, I noticed such a thing. I had already checked
and found no Huntoon Nationals were possible although
there is a Huntoon, Texas lost out on the Texas pan-
handle. (My brother discovered this town while routing
oil tank cars for Shell Oil. He traced one "lost" string of
tank cars to a siding in Huntoon.)
My curiosity was aroused, so I got out a postal zip
code directory and dug out all the Peter-towns; I
omitted towns like Petersen because these were proper
names in themselves. Table 1 is the result of this tedious
search. The worst part came in searching the 380 pages
of tables in Van Belkum's great book to find if these
towns had banks. Table 2 summarizes this effort and
the data are taken from Van Belkum's lists. Listed are
20 banks in 12 different towns; 19 issued—a genuine
challenge. The best part is that if you succeeded in
getting all the 19 possible banks, you would be forced
to put together a great type collection as well as have
notes from diverse locations. I couldn't resist. I set
as a goal a collection of notes in any condition from
each different town.
TABLE 1. PETER-TOWNS
Petersburg, Alaska
San Pedro, California
Saint Petersburg, Florida
Petersburg, Illinois
Saint Peter, Illinois
Petersburg, Indiana
Petersburg, Kentucky
Petersham, Massachusetts
Petersburg, Michigan
Petersburg, Minnesota
Saint Peter, Minnesota
Saint Peters, Missouri
Petersburg, Nebraska
Peterborough, New Hampshire
Peterboro, New York
Petersburg, New York
Petersburg, North Dakota
Petersburg, Ohio
Petersburg, Pennsylvania
Saint Peters, Pennsylvania
Saint Petersburg, Pennsylvania
Petersburg, Tennessee
Petersburg, Texas
Petersburg, Virginia
Petersburg, West Virginia
Peterstown, West Virginia
This collection has been in the works for a number
of years now and at the risk of appearing vain. I am
taking this opportunity to display the results of my
quest to date. You will notice that nine of the 12
towns are represented and there is one bank from each
of the six Petersburgs. Naturally, I am forced to admit
that the Saint Peter, Illinois has my vote for the most
appropriately named town of the bunch.
Of the remaining notes, the Saint Peter, Minnesota
will he the toughest, particularly because my Minnesota
friends such as Ed Kuether have advised me that if
they got one, they wouldn't part with it no matter how
much I pleaded or offered!
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PAGE 246
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
Notes from the six possible Petersburgs
Notes from other Peter-towns
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WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 247
TABLE
Location
California
San Pedro
Florida
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
2. NATIONAL BANKS IN THE PETER-TOWNS, DATA FROM VAN
Period in Operation
Charter Bank Name Open Close
7057 First National Bank 1903 Jan. 24, 1929
7730 First National Bank 1905 Jun. 9. 1930
7796 National Bank : 1905 Apr. 21, 1931
BELKUM
Circulation Out
in year in ( )
48,900 (27)
196,100 (26)
196,900 (22)
Central National Bank
(Jan. 21, 1910) ; Central
National Bank and Trust
Company (Jan. 16, 1922)
Saint Petersburg 12623 Alexander National Bank 1925 Oct. 27, 1927 200,000 (25)
Saint Petersburg 13498 Florida National Bank 1930 did not issue
Illinois
Petersburg 3043 First National Bank 1883 49,600 (34)
State National Bank
(Jan. 23, 1929)
Saint Peter 9896 First National Bank 1910 May 25, 1932 25,000 (31)
Indiana
Petersburg 5300 First National Bank 1900 25,000 (34)
Minnesota
Saint Peter 1794 First National Bank 1871 15,000 (34)
New Hampshire
Peterborough 1179 First National Bank 1865 100,000 (34)
North Dakota
Petersburg 11185 First National Bank 1918 Dec 20, 1930 25,000 (29)
Pennsylvania
Petersburg 10313 First National Bank 1913 18,750 (34)
Tennessee
Petersburg 10306 First National Bank 1913 30,000 (34)
Virginia
Petersburg 1378 First National Bank 1865 Sep. 25, 1873 179,200 (73)
Petersburg 1548 Merchants National Bank 1865 Sep. 25, 1873 360,000 (73)
Petersburg 1769 Commercial National Bank 1871 Jan. 14, 1879 99,800 (79)
Petersburg 3515 National Bank ; First 1886 Nov. 16, 1933 692,200 (33)
National Bank and Trust
Company (Sep. 30, 1931)
Petersburg 7709 Virginia National Bank 1905 Sep. 30, 1931 981,040 (30)
Petersburg 13792 Citizens National Bank 1933 100,000 (34)
West Virginia
Peterstown 9721 First. National Bank 1910 25,000 (34)
A note from Victoria, Texas for Vicki
As you see, the Peter collection is not complete and
probably never will be. I have an uphill fight to get a
San Pedro, California, or a nice St. Petersburg, Florida.
Even so I have some of the truly scarce notes, Peters-
town, West Virginia. and Petersburg, Indiana to name
just two. To date, the collection has given me a good
run and a lot of pleasure. It has provided hours of con-
versation with both dealers and collectors and even
writing this article has been fun. What more could a
collector ask of his hobby?
At first my wife Vicki scoffed at the Peter-notes but
then I bought her off with the Victoria, Texas note
illustrated here. Funny, she is now searching for a note
on the First National Bank of Victoria, Virginia, char-
ter 12183. When she learned that I passed up a brown
back on the First National Bank of . Victoria, Texas, did
I take the heat!
I sincerely thank the following dealers for supplying
the notes on these pages. Each has contributed nobly
to making this collection the enjoyable success that it
has been for me. These friends are listed alphabetically
to remove any special bias: each has been equally help-
ful and appreciated: Tom Bain, Johnny 0. Baas, David
Dorfman. Ted Gozanski, John Hickman, Curtis Iversen,
Art Liester. Dean Oakes. and John Waters.
First National in Dakota
(From Page 242)
The First National Bank, Yankton, Dakota, received
charter No. 2068 late in 1872 and filed its first reports
in 1873. For five years it was the only national bank
in the territory. Although the total apportionment of
national currency for Dakota was $100,496, based $65,-
096 on population and 535,400 on wealth, the bank
maintained a circulation of only $45,000 as limited by
its capitalization of $50,000 and deposit of $50,000 of
bonds. That $45.000 of circulation represented $3.17 per
capita and .7 per cent of the wealth of the territory in
1873. according to the comptroller of the currency.
SOURCES:
The Early Empire Builders of the Great West, by • Moses K. Arm-
strong, 1901
Message and Documents, 1873-'74. GPO
Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency, 1897
National Banks of the Note Issuing Period, 1863-1935, by Louis Van
Belkum
PAGE 248
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
The Unknown Factor Revealed
A Campaign to Wipe Out Indians
California War Bond Coupons
By LAWRENCE F. McGRA I L
THE CALIFORNIA War Bond Coupons submitted
by Don C. Kelly for the May/June issue of PAPER
MONEY were issued by the state of California and
paid by the U. S. government for the debts arising from
suppressing Indian hostilities during the 1850's.
Between 1769 and 1846, the California Indian population
had dropped from 275,000 to about 100,000 due largely
to the effects of epidemics. As the American expansion
gradually progressed further west, the removal policy
used as a general solution to the "Indian problem" was
put to a severe test. In California, where it was no longer
possible to remove the Indian to lands furthur west, many
American settlers argued that the only solution was to re-
move them from the face of the earth. Governor Burnett
told the legislature that a "war of extermination will con-
tinue to be waged between the races until the Indian race
becomes extinct," and that it was "beyond the power or
wisdom of man" to avert the inevitable destiny of this
race.
One method of solving the Indian problem was to enact
laws to protect the citizens from them. The Act of April
22, 1850, entitled "An Act for the Government and Protec-
tion of Indians" provided in part:
Sect. 20. Any indian able to work and support himself in some
honest calling, not having wherewithal to maintain himself, who
shall be found loitering and strolling about, or frequenting public
places where liquors are sold, begging or leading an immoral or
profligate course of life, shall be liable to be arrested on the
complaint of any resident citizen of the county, and brought be-
fore any justice of the peace . . . and if said justice . . . shall
be satisfied that he is a vagrant . . . he shall make out a war-
rant . . authorizing and requiring the officer having him in
charge or custody, to hire out each vagrant within 24 hours to
the best bidder . . . for the highest price that can be had, for any
term not exceeding 4 months. . . . The money received for his
hire, shall, after deducting the costs, and the necessary expense
for clothing for said indian, which may have been purchased by
his employer, be, if he be without a family, paid into the county
treasury, to the credit of the indian fund.
Sect. 6 provided:
Complaints may be made before a justice of the peace, by white
persons or indians ; but in no case shall a white man be con-
victed of any offence upon the testimony of an indian, or indians.
Units loosely organized as state militia went on inef-
fectual and expensive Indian hunting expeditions in 1850.
In 1851, Governor John McDougal asserted in a letter to
President Millard Fillmore that 100,000 Indian warriors
were in a state of armed rebellion.
Cost of the Militia
The state's politicians demanded that the federal govern-
ment provide the funds to pay the expenses of campaigns
conducted against the Indians by state militia volunteers.
This, at first, the federal authorities refused to do.
General Persifor F. Smith complained that the pay of a
private in the latest Indian campaign of the California
militia was equal to the salary of any officer in the Regular
Army, except his own.
The Act of March 17, 1851 provided for the pay of
those called up to suppress the Indian hostilities under
that act. Entitled "An Act authorizing the Governor to
call out troops to defend - our frontier, and providing for
their pay and compensation," it stated:
"Whereas, our Eastern frontier is now being ravaged by hordes
of savages, who are murdering our citizens and destroying prop-
erty of gieat value, and whereas the existence of such a state
of things demands from us prompt, immediate, and determined
actions. Therefore :
Sect. 1. The Governor is hereby authorized to call into service
any number of men, not exceeding 500 in addition to those already
engaged, . . . for the purpose of defending our Eastern frontier
against the attacks of Indians on others.
Sect. 3. All persons now engaged . . . and all others who may
enter the service under the call of the Governor . . . shall be
entitled to receive out of the "War Loan Fund," the following
pay per diem . . . Each Major ten dollars, each Captain eight,
and each Lieutenant six ; each Sergeant five, each Corporal five,
each Private four, each Quarter Master eight, each Commissary
eight, each Surveyor eight, each Adjutant eight, each officer and
private who has furnished his own horse one dollar per day."
The Act of March 7, 1851 provided for payment for
services rendered in the Indian wars, since November 13,
1849:
". . . to each Major $15, Captain $12, Lieutenant $10, Sergeant
$7, Corporal $6, Private $5, Quarter Master $12, Commissary $12,
Surveyor $12, Adjutant $12, plus 01 per day per horse furnished."
Secretary of War C. M. Conrad wrote to Governor
McDougal that the pay of California's volunteer Indian-
fighters was "exorbitant and beyond anything ever known
in this country";that "in a population like that of Cali-
fornia, where there are so many ardent young men, the
love of adventure with some and the high pay with others"
offered "inducements to perpetuate collisions with the
Indians" and that this abuse was "as injurious to the
State" as it was "revolting to humanity."
Features of the Loan
Under the Act of February 15, 1851, entitled "An Act
Authorizing the Treasurer of State to Negotiate a Loan
upon the Faith and Credit of the State, for the Purpose
of Defraying the Expenses which have been, and may be,
Incurred in Suppressing Indian Hostilities in this State,
in the absence of Adequate Provisions being made by the
General Government", $500,000 was authorized, payable
in 10 years, or at any period after five years at the
pleasure of the state, at a rate of interest of 12(4 pay-
able annually or semi-annually, by virtue of the power
given the legislature by the constitution of the state "in
case of war to repel invasion or suppress insurrection."
It was intended that the obligations provided for by
the Act should be payable out of any money which should
at their maturity or thereafter be found in the state
treasury, and at which time it reached the treasury, had
not been appropriated to some other purpose.
By the Act of May 3, 1852, entitled "An act authorizing
the treasurer of the state to issue bonds for the payment
of the expenses of the Mariposa, Second El Dorado, Utah,
Los Angeles, Clear Lake, Klamath and Trinity, and
Monterey expeditions against the Indians" it was pro-
vided:
Sect. 1. "A sum not exceeding $600,000 is hereby appropriated
and set apart as an additional war fund, payable in 10 years.
out of any moneys which may be appropriated by congress to
defray the expenses incurred by the state of California and in-
terest thereon at the rate of 7% per annum, in the suppression
of Indian hostilities, . . . and should no such appropriation be
made, or if an amount sufficient should not be appropriated within
the said 10 years, then the bonds authorized to be issued by this
act shall be good and valid claims against the state. . . ."
Sect. 5 authorized the State Treasurer "to cause suitable
Bonds to be provided for said payment in sums of $100,
$250, $500, and $1,000 each."
The interest was represented by coupons attached to
the bonds, each coupon representing one year's interest.
These coupons were alike in general language, and differed
only in number, amount, and date of maturity. Coupons
numbered 2, 3, and 4 were for $70 each. Coupon number
5 was for $46.66 each. I have been unable to discover the
amount on coupon number 1, or whether there were
coupons numbered higher than 5.
Repayment of the Loan
In January, 1854, a bill was introduced in Congress to
appropriate sufficient funds to cover California's liability
on the bonds. The amount of bonds issued by the state
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 249
in liquidating valid claims existing against it for expenses
it had incurred in the suppression of Indian hostilities
within the state was as follows:
Bonds issued under act of Feb 15, 1851
Bonds issued under act of May 3, 1852
Bonds issued under act of Apr 16, 1853
Bonds issued under act of Apr 16, 1853
Bonds issued under act of May 18, 1853
$848,500
On August 5, 1854, Congress passed an act (10 Stat.
576) whereby the Secretary of War was authorized and
directed to examine into and ascertain the amount of
expenses incurred and actually paid by the state of
California, prior to January 1, 1854, and then pay that
amount into the state treasury, provided that amount
should not exceed $924,259.65.
At the time this act was introduced in Congress-in
January 1854-the amount specified was estimated to
cover all the state's liability, both principal and interest,
under the Acts of 1851 and 1852. But, at the time the
act passed, April 5, 1854, interest had accrued on the
bonds issued under those acts, so that the amount ap-
propriated by Congress fell short of the total amount of
principal and interest then due.
The amount clue on the bonds issued as of January 1,
1854 was $995,290. The amount of the same debt owing
and unpaid on August 5, 1854, with interest, was $1,036,-
634.13. The amount of the same debt owing and unpaid
on September 1, 1856 was $1,180,243.32.
On or about September 1, 1856, the Secretary of War
paid $914,071.02 on the state bonds dated prior to January
1, 1854. This left $10,183.63 of the congressional appro-
priation remaining.
On June 23, 1860, Congress provided (12 Stat. 104 § 4)
for payment out of the unexpended balance of the ap-
propriation for California's war debt for bonds bearing
date subsequent to January 1, 1854.
Apparently no bonds were turned in based on this ap-
propriation, and the balance left in the fund lapsed and
reverted into the treasury on June 30, 1863.
Again, on July 25, 1868 Congress passed an act (15
Stat. 175) "to reappropriate an unexpended balance of an
appropriation made by an act approved August 5, 1854"
for the amount of $10,183.63.
Since under the Act of 1851 California would not be-
come obligated on the bonds until there were sufficient
funds in the treasury that had not been appropriated for
other purposes, California never paid on these bonds
until 1890. From 1862 to 1889 there was not any surplus
in the fund of the treasury not already allocated for other
purposes. In 1890, for the first time, a surplus of about
$500,000 was received into the state treasury. At that
time California became liable for the unpaid bonds. As
late as 1901 over $34,000 was paid on outstanding war
bonds.
References
Bean, Walton E., California: An Interpretive History, 2d ed. New
York. McGraw-Hill. 1973.
Statutes and Amendments to the Codes of California U.S. Statutes at
Large.
Sawyer v. Colgan, 36 Pac. 580.
Reis v. State, 59 Pac. 298, reversed 65 Pac. 1102.
Mead v. Same, 59 Pac. 1112, reversed 65 Pac. 1105.
$200,000
600,000
23,000
2,500
23,000
First Charter One-Dollar Nationals: Part III
By HOWARD W. PARSHALL
T HIS ARTICLE is a supplement to two articles by
the same title which appeared in earlier issues of
PAPER MONEY (Whole Nos. 47 and 52). Its purpose
is to report the existence of additional note varieties on
previously reported banks and the existence of notes on
banks not previously reported.
Of the 88 banks reported under "states" in this article,
62 are in addition to those identified in the earlier articles.
An additional District of Columbia note (#2358) has
been reported and three additional uncut sheets of notes,
two from Indiana (#55, #804) and one from New York
(#1416).
The series of notes issued by a bank is indicated im-
mediately following its charter number. The symbols used
are as follows: Original (1865) series, (65) ; 1875 series
(75). Banks issuing Original series notes with charter
number are indicated by the addition of a "W" to the
identifying series symbol, thus: "65W".
If a bank issued Original series notes without and with
the bank charter number, this would be indicated in the
following manner: (65, 65W). If it issued both Original
and 1875 series notes, the symbols would be: (65, 75).
If no notes were reported on the bank in the two earlier
articles, an asterisk follows the bank charter number.
When an asterisk does not appear after the charter num-
ber it indicates that an additional variety (65, 65W, 75)
has been reported.
This series of articles has raised a number of questions
about this brief but significant series of notes. For
instance, which banks are known to have issued all three
varieties (65, 65W, 75) of notes? Why did the charter
number appear on some Original series notes and not
on others? How many banks are known to have issued
$1.00 Nationals of which none is known to exist today?
The author hopes to speak to these and related questions
in future articles.
The reader is urged to share additional information on
this early series with the author. Send to Howard W.
Parshall, P. 0. Box 191, Pineville, Louisiana 71360.
Uncut sheets: 3
INDIANA, #55* (75).
INDIANA. #804* (65).
NEW YORK, #1416* (65).
District banks: 1
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, #2358* (75).
Banks by states: 88
CONNECTICUT: 2 banks, charters #845* (65), 1314* (75).
DELAWARE: 1 bank, charter #1281 (75).
ILLINOIS: 8 banks, charters #320* (65), 531* (65), 759* (65), 967
(65W), 1792* (65), 1900 (75), 2042* (65W), 2048 (65W).
INDIANA: 3 banks, charters #968* (65), 1967* (75), 2119 (65W).
KANSAS: 1 bank, charter #1902* (65).
KENTUCKY: 1 bank, charter #995* (not known).
MAINE: 5 banks, charters #65" (65), 330* (75), 782* (65), 2089*
(65), 2306* (75).
MASSACHUSETTS: 31 banks, charters #14* (65), 439 (75), 442* (65),
462* (65), 484* (75), 510 (65W), 578* (75), 582* (75), 595* (76),
603 (75), 609 (75), 615* (65), 647 (65W), 669 (65), 688 (65W), 712*
(65, 75), 714* (65), 716* (65), 806* (65), 833* (75), 934 (65), 957*
(65W), 985 (65W), 1028* (75), 1099* (65), 1107 (65W), 1144* (65,
75), 1260* (65), 1367* (65), 2265* (65W), 2304* (75).
MICHIGAN: 1 bank, charter #191* (65).
NEW HAMPSHIRE: 2 banks, charters #318* (65W), 1059* (75).
NEW JERSEY: 1 bank, charter #374* (65).
NEW YORK: 9 banks, charters #34* (75), 262* (65W), 963* (65),
1231 (75), 1250 (75), 1264 (75), 1344 (65W), 1350* (65), 2370* (75).
OHIO: 2 banks, charters, #422* (65W), 2181 (75).
PENNSYLVANIA: 4 banks, charters #293* (65), 371 (65), 774* (65),
1579* (65).
RHODE ISLAND: 9 banks, charters #983* (75), 1035 (65), 1126*
(65), 1283 (65W), 1366 (75), 1402* (65), 1419 (65W), 1472 (65),
1616* (75).
VIRGINIA: I bank, charter #1137* (65W).
VERMONT: 7 banks, charters #404* (65), 489 (65), 820* (65), 1004*
(65), 1197 (65W(, 1488* (65W), 2109* (65).
PAGE 250
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
Collecting Obsolete and Broken
Bank Notes
A Primer for Syngraphists
By C. JOHN FERRERI
ALTHOUGH many "rag-pickers" have seen or heard
about the issues of paper money referred to as
"obsolete or broken bank notes," relatively few have
actually gotten their feet wet in this area of note col-
lecting. One reason for this reluctance may be the fact
that the average new collector cannot easily find the
answers to his many questions concerning these notes.
I hope this article can help answer some of those typical
questions asked by the neophyte and in some way
strengthen his desire to press on and become involved to
a greater degree in collecting, assembling and cata-
loguing these very historically significant and artistically
executed notes.
Obsolete bank note collecting is quite different from
coin collecting or collecting of U.S. currency. Collectors
of these other numismatic and syngraphic materials in
general have many references with which to evaluate
and catalogue their collections and guide their interests.
With obsoletes, price guides, save for auction catalogs,
the SPMC Wismer revision books and Criswell's catalog,
are practically non-existent. Although the notes in these
catalogs are priced and their rarity established, we must
consider the figures only relative up to this time. It will
be years yet before publications can confidently report
correct values and rarities for these issues. The reason:
not enough specimens of each issue have changed hands
to establish a firm price. This in itself attests to the
rarity of the different issues. Geographical location at
the point of sale also influences price.
HISTORY
During the years 1790 to 1865, the populace was faced
many times with a shortage of specie, this being, of
course, the metallic coins that were legal tender during
that time. The U.S. Government issued only coins and
had no facilities for the printing of paper money. This
void was subsequently filled by the state chartered banks,
reputable businesses, and even downright fraudulent
conspirators. Counterfeiting had its heyday in the early
1800's.
The banks usually issued notes from $1 to as high as
$1000 and some issued in fractions of a dollar. The
merchants who issued notes more often had denominations
of less than a dollar printed. In some states this was the
law, but often it was to facilitate the making of change
during business transactions.
Because of the lax banking laws and auditing controls,
many banks went "bankrupt," some of necessity, some by
design. The notes available today from banks that went
bankrupt are most often termed "broken bank" notes.
Those from institutions that terminated business with
honor or are still in business are referred to as "obsolete"
notes, as they are now not current money and by law do
not have to be redeemed if presented at the bank for
payment.
Some issues are termed "wildcat" notes. These are
nothing more than notes from a bank that was organized
with intent to defraud and located itself in some out-of-
the-way place so as not to be readily found. Many of
these banks were in the wilds. Usually the persons or
officers involved in these banks wanted only to circulate
their paper in exchange for coin or paper of sound banks.
One such bank, the Granite Bank, was supposed to have
operated in Voluntown, Conn. The bank inspectors, it is
said, found no trace of it there nor anyone who had ever
heard of it. Someone became suspicious of it when a
flood of its notes appeared in New York City. Some of
these are still available to collectors.
Many of the available notes today have been passed
down through families as mementos of bygone years.
Many have been found in old bank vaults. It has been
reported more than once that rooms in some old houses
were found to have been wallpapered with this then-
worthless currency.
COLLECTING
One of the nicest things about building a collection of
bank notes is that the collector seemingly has an inex-
haustible list of ways to collect. Some like to collect
notes from their home state or town. Others like notes
from certain engraving firms. Some like notes showing
livLstock, ships, trains, monuments, village scenes, etc.
Collecting notes showing different denominations of coins
is also becoming popular. Still others collect for the
portraits or signatures on these notes. Collecting by
denomination can offer quite a challenge also. One will
find notes good for 8c, 33 1/3 c, $1.25, $4.00 and $6.00 among
others.
Whatever course is chosen, it seems that there are al-
ways some previously unknown issues popping up to add
to the excitement. To seek out all possible hiding places,
a collector may find himself eventually corresponding with
other collectors perhaps thousands of miles away or
traveling to distant shows in hopes of locating something
now. It isn't often that one can find an ample supply of
these notes in one small area.
HOW A BANK NOTE WAS BORN
Assume you are living during the early 1800's and are
to open a bank and want to issue paper money. After
clearance from the State, you employ one or more of the
many bank note engraving companies to print your money.
You probably want distinctive and pretty notes to carry
your bank's name. With this in mind you have the rep-
resentative from the engraver call on you with his many
"salesmen's samples" of notes and together you decide
which vignettes you would like to appear on the notes.
The company puts all this together and then sends you
some finished "proofs" of the different denominations you
will probably use. These proofs look like regulation notes
at first glance but actually are printed on India paper,
which takes a precise impression. After looking over
these proofs and deciding which to have printed for cir-
culation, you send your choices back to the engraver.
After some time and just prior to the printing of the
notes for circulation, you receive from the engraver
the final "specimens." These are printed on regulation
bank note paper and in most cases have cancellation holes
in the areas reserved for the signatures of the bank
president and cashier. These notes can now be used for
reference and comparison against counterfeits that may
show up later on.
Now the time has come to order your stock. Suppose
you decide that for this order you will need 1000 each of
these denominations: $1, $2, $3 and $5. If this is the
case, the engraver prints up 1000 sheets containing the
$1-2-3-5 denominations, and probably in that order from
the top of the sheet to the bottom. These sheets are then
sent to you.
Before the notes can be issued they first must be signed,
dated and cut from the sheet. They then can be put into
circulation through loans to people or withdrawals from
savings. You now have had the experience of issuing
your own paper money!
APPEARANCE
Condition:
Just like anything else, some notes will be found in
perfect condition and others in terrible shape. The paper
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used for these issues was quite durable and was mostly
of rice base. Of course, a better quality note is worth
more than a "rag," the exception here being the crisp
"remainder" notes that on occasion appear in quantity.
These notes are distinguished by the fact that they are
almost always found in extremely high grade; most often
they are not signed or dated. They most likely were re-
cently cut from remainder sheets and sold to meet the
demand. These usually are worth very little even though
most are very attractive. Many notes have fuzzy brown
spots on them. This is called "foxing" and is possibly
caused by moisture. Sometimes one will notice where the
paper is eaten away by the ink of the signature. This is
not uncommon.
Front and Back:
Most of the engraving was on the front of the notes.
The back seldom carried any design at all. Occasionally
an anti-counterfeiting device was printed on the reverse.
To find a vignette there is very rare indeed!
Authenticity:
Counterfeiting was quite popular during this time and
many bad notes circulated for years along with valid
issues. Some counterfeits themselves were works of art.
Authentic notes should show a good quality of engraving.
The eyes will be lifelike, the fingers true in proportion.
There will be good depth to the lathework. Counterfeits
are usually flat or crude and some have a washed-out
appearance. Perhaps the hardest bad bills to detect are
those that were altered from one bank that had closed to
another that was still in business. Here the "con" man's
product is very deceptive.
Preservation:
Many bills have been expertly repaired where they
may have been torn. Some have been backed to another
piece of paper in order to give them some body. Those
repaired with Scotch Tape are recent attempts at pres-
ervation. The best type of holder I have found is made
of acetate. This won't "bleed" the way polyethelene
holders do. A note stored for a couple of hot days in a
polyethelene holder could be ruined for good.
SUMMATION
The bank note collector will soon realize that his
growing collection will be an experience in United States
history and will develop a legacy of its own. He will be
able to follow the development of the engraving industry
in America. He will notice historical events engraved
on these bank notes. He will see signatures of people
who helped mold the history of this nation. He will
associate places, times and perhaps famous events, and
they will have more meaning. He will notice scenery,
possibly of his own home town, and notice landmarks that
are still there today. From the engravings he will notice
the industry of particular areas and how it has changed
to that of today. The final gratification, however, will
come when this collector fully realizes the educational
and historical potential of a bank note collection and is
able to introduce yet another syngraphist to this segment
of our hobby.
-:"NVI:1024
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PAGE 252
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
Pine Tree Auction Company, Inc. Announc
Featuring The Elizabeth &Morton ei
(And Other Consignments) To Be Sold At Pt
The New York Barbizon Plaza Hotel 106 Central Pa,
Street And 6th A venue, New York, New York, Octobi
An Offering of Colonial
Currency and Coins seldom
if ever equalled
Highlights of this special sale
Continental Currency — A choice example of the rare May 10, 1775 $20
issue, a very rare antedated 1777-78 $1 /6, a rare James Wilson $60 note of
Sept. 26, 1778 (Wilson was a signer of the Declaration of Independence),
3 Tory counterfeits of Sept. 1778 (all $60 issues), a very rare uncut upper
panel of four detector notes (40. 45. 60, 65 dollar issue of Jan. 14, 1779).
Connecticut — A superb uncancelled 40 Shillings of June 1, 1773. 6 Shillings
of June 1. 1775, 20 Shillings of June I, 1775, 40 Shillings of June 1, 1775,
and I Shilling of June 7. 1776.
Delaware — A choice 20 Shillings of June 1. 1759.
Florida — The unique Newman Plate note of 177-.
Georgia — A superb 1776 I Shilling. the extremely rare 1777 No Resolution
Date $13 and $17. An exceptionally choice June 8, 1777 $5 issue, as well as
the rare $5 issue of Sept. 10, 1777. The May 4, 1778 $20 issue is included
as well as the second finest known 5 Shillings of Oct. 16, 1786.
Maryland — Features the very rare July 17. 1775 Anti-Royalist issue .
Massachusetts — A superb offering featuring five different historic Paul Revere
"Sword in Hand" notes including possibly the finest known of Nov. 17, 1776
(22 Shillings).
New Hampshire — The extraordinary 7 Shilling of Dec. 25, 1734, in excep-
tionally choice condition. '1 10 the hest of our knowledge one of only 3 known
to exist. Additionally the 3 Pounds of Aug. 24. 1775 in Brilliant Crisp condition
as well as the Newman Plate note for the 4 Shillings June 28. 1776 issue.
New Jersey — Featuring the extremely rare 6 Pounds issue lone of only 5(1(1
printed) of Dec. 31. 1763. the 3 Pounds issue signed by John Hart (signer of
the Declaration of Independence ) of Feb. 20, 1776, a 6 Shillings John Hart
note of March 25, 1776 ❑ is well as the desirable Newman Cover Plate
6 Pound note of March 25. 1776. Rounding out this section will he The Finest
Known I Shilling Sixpence of Ian. 9. 1781.
New York — A parade of rarities is offered in this section starting with the
excessively rare 8 Pounds of July 2(1. 171 I as well as the 10 Pounds of July 21,
1746, 10 Pounds of March 25. 1755 and an unpublished variety of the 5
Pounds of Feb. 16. 1771. Additionally there's the rare Albany 20 Shilling issue
of June 22, 1775 and the $1 /8 Albany issue of Feb. 17, 1776. This section
is further enhanced by The Finest Known 52/3 of March 25. 1776 as well as
The Finest Known 51 issue of the same date.
Florida — The unique Ne
North Carolina — This section of the sale
requires special attention because it is with-
out question the single most important col-
lection of North Carolina notes ever auc-
tioned in the United States. Until the present
collection came to light a few months ago,
our knowledge of the notes of this colony
remained in its infancy. In particular the
existence of notes of certain denominations
of 1748. and of any notes whatever for the
issues dated between 1756 and 1759. was
unconfirmed. Eric Newman listed these notes
only on the basis of available public records
in his Early Paper Money of America. For
the 1756-59 issues. not even the dates of
the notes were known, let alone the in-
scriptions or the designs. The notes offered
in this section forced a major rewriting of
the North Carolina chapter in the Newman
hook. and so far as we know they are not
only unpublished. they ire unique or nearly
unique. though poor duplicates of a few are
reported. They represent an unprecedented
orbital leap in our knowledge of Colonial
American numismatics and an unprece-
dented opportunity for collectors. Among
these extraordinary notes numbering 114
examples. we find the following:
April 4, 1748 2 Shillings Proclamation
Money the finest kno■Y n of arts denomina-
tion. brilliant. crisp. as well as the 5 Shillings
pine wee auction
company, inc.
200 LU. Willets Road
Albertson, New York 11507
a Subsidiary of First Coinvestors, Inc,
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 253
'es csE.cx
Dllection
iblic Auction At
rk South At 59th
,r 18, 19 75
lunan Plate note of 177-.
and a unique example of the 6 Shillings.
The 7 Shillings Sixpence is included as well
as the 9. 10. and presently unique 15 Shil-
lings example. This section is rounded out
with the 20. 30. and 40 Shillings, and 3
Pounds examples.
\larch 9. 1754 — An unpublished new de-
sign of the Fourpence as well as the finest
known Fourpence (Puma). and a superb
extraordinary unpublished design — pres-
entl\ unique of the 8 Pence (Boar) in bril-
liant crisp condition.
September 13. 1756 -- 1756/7 written dates
and denominations. This date features an
example of an exceedingly rare 5 Pounds
issue number 158 of possibly 200 issued
in all).
May 28, 1757 -- Two extraordinary unique
unpublished varieties of the 5 Pounds issue
are featured.
November 12, 1757 -- This section has
two unpublished varieties of the 5 Pounds
issue.
May 4. 1758 — For the first time at public
auction this section features an exceedingly
rare complete denomination set, including
the 10. 20. and 40 Shillings which is pos-
sibly unique. •
'75 ellart I)
December 22. 1758 Edenton Act -- .1 - he offering of this date features two
unpublished varieties of the One Pound note.
July 14, 1760 — We start here with an excessively rare Sixpence, an extraor-
dinary choice brilliant crisp 20 Shillings, the finest known 40 Shillings, and the
finest known 3 Pounds.
April 23, 1761 — The exceedingly rare Fourpence is featured as well as a
brilliant crisp 15 Shillings and the finest known 20 Shillings.
December 1768 — For the first time at public auction an offering of the
complete denomination set of this issue as well as two varieties of the 2 1/2
Shillings note which until the present time have been unknown and unpublished.
December 1771 — Features a complete denomination set.
August 21, 1775 — The excessively rare Hillsborough -Provincial Congress"
issue. This section including the possibly unique One Quarter Dollar and the
exceedingly rare $4, $8, and $10 issues.
April 17, 1780 — We offer here the extremely rare $50 Liberty and Peace
issue.
May 17, 1783 — The exceedingly rare Hillsborough issue. We strart here
with the 20 Shillings which is considered to be the only known genuine
example ever found. as well as a unique presently unpublished Tory counter-
feit of 40 Shillings.
December 29, 1785 — .1 -he North Carolina section closes with an extraor-
dinary unique blue detector note (2 Shillings Sixpence) as well as a Tory
counterfeit 20 Shillings.
While many notes that will he included in the sale from the state of North Carolina have
not been listed. one can only surmise that the offering is unprecedented. and likely never to
be repeated. The material is of museum quality and surely much of it is destined to
go to one.
Pennsylvania — We start with the extremely rare 10 Shillings of Oct. 1. 1755.
a choice 21) Shilling of June 18. 1764. the 2 Shillings Bettering House issue
of March 10. 1769, a 10 Shilling Francis Hopkinson note of March 20, 1771
and. a 2 Shillings Morton note (signers of the Declaration of Independence)
of April 3. 1772. and the extremely rare $4 issue of June I, 1780. This sec-
tion is rounded out by an exceedingly rare historic 1783 $2 note signed by
Mint Director David Rittenhouse and the 3 Pence of the Bank of North
America (August 6, 1789).
Rhode Island — Among the 14 notes from Rhode Island is the very rare
3 Shillings of Nov. 6. 1775 and an unlisted 1777 written date 2 year treasury
note.
South Carolina — This section featuring 2 7 notes is highlighted by a unique
Newman Plate note — that
being the I Pound Counter-
feit of July 25. 1761 as well
as an unpublished unique
misdated Dec. 23. 1776/7
sheet and an exceedingly
rare 3 Pound Loan Office
issue of May I. 1786.
Vermont - An offering of
the excessively rare Feb.
1781 2 Shillings Sixpence.
5 Shillings. the latter pos-
sibly the finest in private
hands.
Virginia — A small group
highlighted by a possibl ∎
unique early May 24. 1760
5 Shillings counterfeit as
well as the very rare April
I. 1773. James River Bank
3 Pounds and the July 17.
1775. I Pound Ashby note.
STATE
77 I would like to consign coins.
Please call me at
Please reserve for me the following catalogues and
prices realized:
G.E.N.A. '75 - PART I — ()CT. 18, 1975 @ $3.00
G.E.N.A. '75 - PART II — NOV. 21, 1975 @ $3.011
F-1 Full Annual Subscription through Dec. 1976 (id $10.00
NAME
ADDRESS
ZIP
I Include Area Code) I
PAGE 254
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
SPMC Bicentennial Feature
A Note on Colonial Counterfeiting
By CHARLES E. KIRTLEY
T HE PROBLEM of counterfeiting currency in America
began almost as soon as the first paper bills were
issued by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 169o. By 1708,
the Massachusetts emissions were overprinted with a red
monogram in an unsuccessful attempt to thwart the abuse.
As the other colonies followed the lead of Massachusetts
and began issuing their own bills, the problem of counter-
feiting, grew rapidly. No colony was immune to counter-
feiting, and no colony was able to effective by combat it.
In 1775, the United Colonies, acting together through the
Continental Congress, voted to emit an issue of paper cur-
rency to be redeemable in specie. Almost immediately the
counterfeiters went to work and spurious notes began to ap-
pear. Newman writes in The Early Paper Money of Amer-
ica that a counterfeit $30 note of that first emission is
often found even today.
It is important to remember that the circulation of large
amounts of counterfeit bills had severe consequences for
the new government. Unlike today, when the existence of
counterfeit bills in the nation's money supply is more of a
curiosity than a danger, the early American counterfeits
were a real detriment to the national treasury and the
people's confidence in it. The struggling national govern-
ment needed a dependable circulating medium of exchange
in order to establish its credit both at home and abroad. It
also needed good credit to conduct the day-to-day business
of government while fighting the Revolution. Since the con-
cept of paper money as valid legal tender was quite new
and untried, the people were slow and often unwilling to
accept it. This fear of paper money was heightened by the
poor performance of the various colonial issues which often
proved to be worthless and hard to pass in the processes
of trade and commerce.
In its attempts to thwart the counterfeiting of its paper
bills the new government tried several things. Among them
were the use of fancy engravings on the bills which would
have been hard to duplicate exactly; the nature printing
process, developed by Benjamin Franklin, which enabled
extraordinarily detailed prints of leaves to be printed on
the backs of certain emissions, which were also hard to copy;
high quality paper, some of which contained colored threads
or mica chips, which would have been hard for counter-
feiters to obtain; printing the bills in two colors, usually
red and blue, using what were then sophisticated techniques;
and finally, the signing of the bills by certain authorized
signers in hopes that the signatures would be easily recogniz-
able and hard to counterfeit. All of these methods met
with varying success, but none was able to stop the flow of
counterfeit money.
Another way by which it was hoped to curtail the counter-
feiting of the nation's money was the issuance of specimen
notes. These notes were printed on specially colored blue
paper and were to be used for comparison purposes with
suspected counterfeits. It has always been thought that
these specimen notes were all issued unsigned and unnum-
bered. However, the following letter from Joseph Nourse,
a treasury official, to Richard Caswell, the governor of
North Carolina, was turned up in The Colonial Records of
North Carolina.
Joseph Nourse, Esq to Gov. Caswell
Philadelphia, Treasury Office, Oct. 22, 1779
Sir:
By a resolution of Congress of the 14th of January last, it being
provided that a sufficient number of proof sheets of the New Bills,
then ordered to be emitted, should be struck and sent with the Sign-
atures of each Signer to the Assembly of the respective States, to be
lodged by them under proper Regulations in public Offices in the
several Counties, Towns and Districts for the benefit of the Inhabitants
of the United States, the Board of Treasury have so far carried this
Resolution into effect as to have caused a sufficient number of Proof
Sheets of the said Bills, and also of the Emission of the 26th of
September, 1778, to be lodged with the Treasurer in order to be sent
to the several States. Part of the said Sheets are transmitted to the
States without the signatures, and the same measures will be adopted
with the residue, as it is found by experience that each signer so often
varies his writing that the signature of one day differs materially from
that of the next, and would afford very little assistance in detecting
counterfeits, but the advantages of having the proof sheets dispersed in
every part of the United States being such that each Inhabitant thereof,
who may suspect a Counterfeit Bill, may with little trouble to himself
be thus enabled to compare it with the standard, and detect the person
passing the same. The Board request your Excellency to communicate
their desire to the Assembly of your State that the Resolution referred
to may be carried into effect as early as possible.
I have the honor to be.
Your most obedient servant,
Joseph Nourse
Although the wording of this letter is somewhat ambig-
uous, it seems to indicate that there may have been some
signed blue counterfeit detectors issued along with the un-
signed specimens. As of this time, however, only the un-
signed varieties are thought to exist.
Readers who are unfamiliar with the appearance of
these counterfeit detectors may have signed specimens (if,
indeed, they do exist) in their collections without realizing
that they differ from the regular issues. The paper upon
which they are printed is a very light blue in color. Since
it is not drastically different from the color of the circulation
issues, which range in color from light brown to gray, a
signed counterfeit detector which was worn, stained, dirty
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WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PACE - 255
The above note provides an example of how a signed
counterfeit detector could be mistaken for a regular
issue. The obverse of this unsigned specimen note has
been bleached by light to a grayish-brown color. The
reverse still retains the original blue.
or bleached from exposure to light could easily pass for
a regular issue bill.
Owners of Continental Currency should check their notes
to see if any are on blue paper or paper that shows traces
of light blue in any way. If these notes do exist, their dis-
covery would contstitute an important and rare numismatic
find. It is asked that anyone who has, or thinks he has,
a signed counterfeit detector contact this writer at P. 0.
Box 5807, Duke Station, Durham, NC 27706.
Pine Tree to Auction Unique
Florida Colonial Note
Herbert Melnick, Chairman of the Board of Pine Tree
Auction Company, Inc. I a subsidiary of First Coin-
vestors, Inc.), has announced that his firm has been
selected to auction one of the most extraordinary items
of Colonial Americana ever to be placed at public sale
in this country. (See advertisement in this issue.)
Pictured on page 85 of Eric Newman's Early Paper
Money of American, this Florida note dated 177- is
described by cataloguer Walter Breen as follows:
177- Unnamed firm, Pensacola, Florida. Script in
amount to be written in, reading Pensacola 177-/I pro-
mise to pay bearer/ the sum of/value received—(this
spelling exact; space left for month, date, final digit of
year, amount firm name and/or authorized signer.)
Printed in deep orange red, from an engraved copper
plate, in lettering or typical British 1760-80 style, using
the long S; on 18th century paper of the same general
type found on many of the colonial notes of the period—
this paper most probably from H. M. Company of Sta-
tioners in London, though the note is too small and/or
from the wrong part of the sheet to show the watermark,
which was crowned Royal Arms.
This note is UNUSED, faint corner fold, paper some-
what aged. THE IDENTICAL NOTE PICTURED IN
EARLY PAPER MONEY OF AMERICA, PAGE 85, BY
ERIC NEWMAN. TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, UNIQUE,
NO DUPLICATE REPORTED FROM THIS SUBJECT
PLATE. The only other similar note ever reported (from
the Harley Freeman collection) is printed from a different
subject plate (differing in border elements and lay out of
text) in very dark greenish brown; Newman has theorized
that these two notes were issued from the same firm and
probably at the same time, to represent two different
denominations. Though nothing definite is known about
this issue, Harley Freeman (the ranking expert on Florida
notes) has conjectured that these may have been made
on behalf of Panton and Leslie, Royal Fiscal Agents under
George III during the entire British occupation of Florida
(1763-83), with branches in many cities in which Pen-
sacola was one, and continuing in business during the
Spanish rule.
The importance of this unique item, the only piece of
Colonial Americana attributable with certainty to Florida
(aside from a couple of Rare Proclamation Medals made
in 1760 and 17891 is impossible to over estimate.
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59PAGE 256
Tabulation of Small-Size Silver Certificates
Courtesy of Graeme Ton, Neil Wimmer and Chuck O'Donnell
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WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 257
MY ALL-TIME CHAMPION - THE SMALL-SIZE
SILVER CERTIFICATE
By GRAEME M. TON, JR .
H E's not especially artistic, but he has a character.
a personality, a beauty all his own. He came on
the scene when our country was in adversity, and
he had his work cut out for him.
He went through the Great Depression, three major
wars, three recessions, fierce devaluation by a President,
further devaluation by inflation, yet, like a true cham-
pion, he is the only paper currency the U. S. government
paid a premium to retire—as much as $1.90 an ounce
of silver for a $1 Silver Certificate! Yes, the all-time
champ is the small-size Silver Certificate.
First issued in January 1929 and last issued in Novem-
ber 1963, his reign spanned 35 years. or 18% of the
total lifetime of our nation. He saw eight Secretaries
of the Treasury, five Treasurers of the U. S. and six
Presidents. No other issue can hold a candle to those
records!
He underwent five distinct changes and numerous
minor changes. He had mules, changeover bills, the
only error issue (B7lJ 1935F ), experimental notes, and
special printings. He traded in his traditional blue seal
for a wartime uniform of brown for the Pacific and
yellow for North Africa and Europe. Here he started
the tradition of the "short snorter".
( The $1 SC was issued in 20 series, far more than
any other note. It makes an immense and impressive
collection. There are 518 blocks of the $1, 83 blocks
of the $5, and 38 blocks of the $10 Silver Certificates.)
He retired the "saddlebacks." the National Currency.
and put the U.S. Notes in the bank vaults. He reduced
the size of wallets in the nation. He replaced the British
sterling as the medium of world exchange value. some-
thing the green seal proceeded to lose. (Yes, Mr. Green
Seal. Parkinston's Law is right, had money does drive
out good money!)
They produced and issued him by the billions-32,064.-
540,000 in $1's: 2,676,456,000 in $5's: and 184,838,000
in $10's. As of March 1974. the U. S. Treasury listed
$212 million still outstanding.
There are less than a handful of experts on my little
champion. After all these years, I still consider myself
a neophyte as I frequently hear something new about
him. If you want to start a controversy, ask an expert
to explain "changeover. holdover, turnover" bills to you.
Because of his versatility he can be collected in many
desirable ways not so with other issues. In fact, he's
still working to beat today's inflation. My service sta-
tion will give me $5 of gas for any $4 in Silver Certifi-
cates
You may have your favorite, the $2 USN, the green
seal, large, National, or what else. Well, mine is the
tough little guy on the block, the small-size SC. You
see, he also came on the scene the same time I did.
When they finally retired him, I lost a friend. That's
my Champion—who is yours?
THE CHECKBOOK
Sowards' Primer
for
Check Collectors
The Handbook of Check Collecting, edited by Neil
Sowards. 98 pages, offset reproduction, illustrated.
81/2 x 11. 1975. $5 from Mr. Sowards at 548 Home
Ave., Fort Wayne, IN 46807. (Edition limited to 1200
copies)
SIDE from the excellent quarterly "Check List" of
the Check Collectors Round Table, there is little
useful literature on the rapidly growing check col-
lecting specialty. Now a collector-dealer has compiled
an anthology of 16 different short article-studies, nine
of which he wrote himself. Leading off is a general
survey by Marie Johnson entitled "Why Collect Checks?".
Next come "Interesting Things to Look For" and "Defini-
tions" by Mr. Sowards. The fourth chapter is a reprint
of William C. Henderson's Numismatist article on Sam
Strong and a Cripple Creek, Colorado check.
Paul Cunningham writes a short history of checkwrit-
ing. Sowards follows with ways to collect checks, sources
of checks, grading and quality (very well illustrated).
and values. Under "Early United States and Territorial
Checks" he lists pre-1800 banks. The revenue stamp
chapter contains a simplified listing of adhesive and im-
printed revenue stamps used on checks as taken from
the Scott U. S. "Specialized" stamp catalog. An identifi-
cation of allegorical figures and symbols completes the
editor's contributions.
Also included is another Cunningham article, this one
on collecting checks by time period, with dates of land-
mark events in our financial history. Jack Weaver has
an eight-page article on check protection methods and
machines. The longest article is George Courtesis' on
check cancellations; this chapter alone is worth the price
of the book. Completing the contents is an article by
Kenneth L. Hallenbeck, Jr. called "A Bank Tree", trac-
ing the history of banking in Fort Wayne, Ind. told by
checks.
Needless to say, the contents deal entirely with U. S.
checks and the banking system. The editor wisely
refrained from trying to deal with the material of other
countries, since even a book like this can only chart a
course for the collector; it cannot be encyclopedic.
Hopefully, it will stimulate interest in this branch of
syngraphics.
PAGE 258
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
TYPE COLLECTING-U.S. PAPER CURRENCY
By PAUL H. JOHANSEN
(Continued from No. 58)
TYPES OF U.S. CURRENCY—mid-1861 to date
Cataloger's Numbers
$1 Small
Friedberg Hewitt
Hessler
24 SC
Washington-c. 3-line Inscription across blue seal-1c. Lg "ONE"-re. B. 1600-1604
Si- 28-28D
70-74
"ONE" across "1" far-1&r. "ONE DOLLAR" across bold, double-lined
"ONE", centered on open field
25 New, 2-line Inscription across blue seal-lc B. Same 1605 28E 75
26 Inscription across lg blue "1"-1 e. Lg "ONE" across blue seal-re. Obliga- 1606 34 76
Lion now : "ONE DOLLAR in silver" in lieu of previous "ONE SILVER
DOLLAR" B. Same
27 Grey, smaller "1 - -le. "ONE DOLLAR" above smaller blue seal-re. Re- 1607. 1608 35-35DW 77. 78
- verse of Great Seal-1c. Lg "ONE"-c. on open field. Obverse, Great Seal-re.
Wide backprint
28 Vertical, black overprint "HAWAII" far-l&r. Brown seal-re B. Double- 2300 HI- 35A 79
lined overprint "HAWAII"-c
29 Type 27 with yellow seal-re ( No. African invasion) B. Same as Type 27 2306 Al- 35A 80
30 Type 27 with red "R" overprint low-r I So-called experimental) B. Same 1609 El- "R"-35A 81
as Type 27
31 Same, except red "S" overprint. B. Same 1610 "S"-35A 82
32 Type 27. B. Type 27 with narrowed backprint (No motto) 1613N-1616 Si- 35DN-35G 5 86-89
33 Type 27. B. Type 32 with motto added above "ONE"-c 1617-1621 515G-57B 90-94
5—Early Series 1935G, without motto, are Type 32 ; those with motto added are Type 33.
34 LT Washington-c. "UNITED STATES", Inscription, and "NOTE" across red 150(1 lin- 28 69
seal-lc. Lg "1"-re. Same as Type 24
35 FRN Washington-c. Inscription above District seal with letter-le. Lg "ONE" 1900A-1902L Fl- 63 A-63B L 95A-97L
across green seal-re B. Same as Type 33
36 New Treasury Seal-re B. Same as Type 33 1903A- . . 69 A- . . 98A- . .
$2 Large Donlon
1 LT Hamilton low-lc. Sm red seal-re. "2" high-l&r. "II" lower-1. B. Wide, 41, 41a 102. T1, T2 153, 153a
ornate parallels with -2's" at ends Inscription-c
2 Jefferson high-1. Capitol-c. Lg red seal-re. "2" upper-r. "II" far-lc. 42 102- 4 154
Warning, vertically-1c. Bold "2"-c. Inscription, vertically-re. Vertical
"TWO" far-re
3 Sm red seal lower-lc. "Washington, D.C." across ornament-re. B. Note- 43-49 4A-8 155-159
length, ornamental oval. Lg "2"-c. Curved, vertical Inscription-Warn-
ing-re
4 Lg brown seal-r. Red serials B. Same 50-52 8A-10 160-162
5 Lg red seal-r. Blue serials B. Same 53 14R 163
6 Lg brown seal-r. B. Same 54 14B 164
7 Sm sc red seal-r. B. Same 55, 56 15, 17 165, 166
8 Red serials B. Same 57-60 28-31 167-170
9 NBN First land only ) Charter. Feminine figure holding flag-lc. "2" upper-r 387-389 A302- 2-4 171-173
corner on base of horizontal, face-down "2" extending to note's center.
above Bank. i So-called "Lazy "2" ) Sm red seal with rays high-r. B.
Raleigh on return to London-c, with Inscription above and Warning be-
low
10 Sm sc red seal high-r. B. Same as Type 9 390-393 A302- 5-8 174-177
11 SC Gen. Hancock-1. "TWO SILVER DOLLARS"-c. Red seal lower-r. "2" 240, 241 202- 12, 13 178, 179
upper-r B. "2"-1&r of curved, "UNITED STATES", "SILVER CERTIFI-
CATE", 2 lines, above curved Inscription-c
12 Lg red seal-r. B. Same 242, 243 13LR, 14LR 180, 181
13 Lg brown seal-r. B. Same 244 14LB 182
14 Windom-c. Curved, "TWO", "SILVER DOLLARS", 2 lines upper-re, above 245, 246 15, 17 183, 184
sm red seal. B. Lg "2"-l&r flank Inscription-c
15 So-called "Educational". "Science"-c, presenting youthful "Steam" and 247, 248 17A, 19 185, 186
"Electricity" to "Industry" and "Commerce". "TWO SILVER DOLLARS"-
l&rc. Sm red seal lower-r. B. Ornate "2"-lc, flanking Fulton ; Ornate,
reverse "2"-rc, flanking Morse. Inscription in sm oval, low-c
16 Washington low-c, below curved "TWO SILVER DOLLARS"-c, both 249-258 20-31 187-196
flanked by "Trade" and "Agriculture"-1&r. Lg "2"-le. Se blue seal
lower-r. "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" across ornament-c. Inscrip-
tion at border, low-c. Open fields-l&r
17 CN Gen. McPherson far-re. "2" far-le. "TWO DOLLARS", "IN COIN", 2 353, 354 702- 14, 15 197, 198
lines-c, impinging lg brown seal-re. "2" over and under "TWO" far-lc.
Lg "2"-re. Curved, double-lined "TWO" in field-c, above Inscription
in oval, low-c
18 Same as Type 17, except sm red seal-r. B. Same as Type 17 355 702- 15A 199
12) - Same. B. Inscription-le. "TWO DOLLARS" in ornament-c. Lg "2"-re 356-358 15B-19 200-202
of open field
20 F-RBN Jefferson far-lc. District Bank-c, above "TWO DOLLARS". Blue seal-rc. 747-780 402A- 28- 402L-29A 203A1-L4
. B. Battleship, WW I type, above Inscription low-c border
$2 Small. . Hewitt
21 LT Jefferson-c. 4-line Inscription across red seal-lc Lg "TWO"-re. B. "TWO" 1501-1503 U2- 28-28B 204-204B
across "2" far-l&r. Monticello-c
22 New, 3-line Inscription B. Same 1504-1508 28C-28G 204C-204G
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 259
23 Jefferson-c. 3-line Inscription across Ig grey "2"-le. Lg "TWO" across 1509-1512 51-53C 205-205C
smaller red seal-re. B. Same
24 New, 2-line Inscription. B. Motto added above Monticello 1513, 1514 63-63A 206-206A
55 Large Donlon
1 DN "Columbia" far-1. "FIVE DOLLARS" across Ig "5" and "on demand"-e. la-5a 805A T1- 805N T1 242A-H
Hamilton low, far-r, under "5". "for the" is handwritten. B. Joined
"FIVE" in oval-c. "5" far-l&r. Curved "FIVE DOLLARS" low-c, all
on note-length field of sm encircled "5's"
2 Same, except "for the" is printed. B. Same 1-5 T2- 805N T2 242A-H
3 LT Similar to Type 1, except "on demand" removed and sm red seal added 61, 61a 105-1 Ti 243, 243a
low-r. B. "FIVE" across "V"-l&r flank Inscription-Convertibility-c
4 Same. B. Convertibility reference omitted 62-63a T2-T4 243b-244a
5 Jackson far, low-1. Pioneer family-c, flanked by "FIVE"-1, 64 "DOLLARS", 64 105- 4 245
"WASHINGTON", 2 lines, across Ig red seal-re. Warning-lc and In-
scription-re, both vertically written, flank bold "5"-c
6 Sm red seal with rays-1c. B. Open field-lc. Concentric ornament-c. In- 65-69 5-7 246A-249
scription-Warning. right field
7 Lg brown seal-r. B. Same 70-72 8-10B 250-252
8 Lg red seal-r. Blue serials B. Same 73, 74, 75 10R-13 253, 255, 256
9 Lg sp red seal-r. B. Same 73a, 76 14R 10R( ?) 254, 257
10 Lg brown seal-r. B. Same 77. 78 14B. 15B 258, 259
11 Sm sc red seal-r. B. Same 79-82 15R-20 260-263
12 Red "V" across "FIVE"-le. Red serials. B. Same 83-92 22-32 264-273
13 NBN First Charter. Columbus sighting land, far-1. Red seal with rays-re. 394-399 A305- 1-4 274-277
Bank-c, above "FIVE DOLLARS" low-c. Presentation of princess far-r.
B. Columbus landing-c, with Inscription above and Warning below
14 Sc red seal-re. B. Same 401-408 5-14 279-286
15 Second Charter, 1st issue. Garfield upper-lc. Bank-c, above "FIVE DOL- 466-478 B305- 9T1-22T1 287-299
LARS". Lg sc brown seal far-re. "5" upper-r. Charter no. in green
ornament, brown field. Inscription above and Warning below
16 Second Charter, 2nd issue. Blue seal-r. B. Washington far-lc: Capitol 532-5386 14T2-24T2 300-308
far-re, on green. "1882.1908"-c, on open field
17 Second Charter, 3rd issue. Same as Type 16. B. "FIVE DOLLARS"-c, in 573-575b B305- 17T3-28T3 309-315
lieu of dates as on Type 16
18 Third Charter, 1st issue. Harrison-le. Bank-c, over "FIVE DOLLARS". 595-597 C305- 20T1-22T1 316-318
Red seal lower-r. "5" upper-r. B. Encircled Landing of Pilgrims above
Inscription. Open fields-l&r
19 Third Charter, 2nd issue. Blue seal lower-r. B. Same. except "1902" upper- 587-594a 20T2-28T2 319-327
1, and "1908" upper-r in field
20 Third Charter, 3rd issue. Same. B. Same, except year dates omitted 598-612 20T3-34T3 328-342
21 NGBN Similar to Type 13, except "GOLD BANK"-c, and "Redeemable in Gold 1136-1141 305G- 1-6 343-348
Coin" B. Depicts gold coins 91-320-c, below Inscription and above Warning
22 SC Grant-re. "5" lower-1, and "V" upper-r. "FIVE", "SILVER DOLLARS". 259, 260 205- 12, 13 349, 350
2 lines-c. B. Depicts 5 silver dollars-c
,261 26223 Lg red seal-lc. B. Same 13LR, 14LR 351, 352
263, 26424 Lg brown seal-lc. B. Same 14LB, 15LB 353. 354
25 Sm Sc red seal-lc. B. Same 265 I5SR 355
26 Sm sc red seal far, low-r. B. "FIVE DOLLARS" across Inscription in 266 15A 356
ornament-c
27 Sm red seal, far lower-r. B. Same 267 17 357
28 So-called "Educational". Group, dominated by standing, winged "Electri- 268-270 I7A, 19. 20 358-360
city"-e, above "FIVE SILVER DOLLARS" at base, low-c. B. Gen. Grant
far-lc : Gen. Sheridan far-re. "UNITED"-1, and "STATES"-r, top border,
flanking winged, feminine head above "V" on shield-c. Inscription in sm
oval low-c, flanked by "5's", and above "SILVER CERTIFICATE"
29 Sioux chief-c. Curved "FIVE" across "V"-lc. Se blue seal-re. "FIVE" 271-281 205- 20A-31 361-371
below portrait. B. Lg "V"-e, about which is Inscription in horseshoe curve.
"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" high-e. Curved "SILVER CERTIFI-
CATE" below "V"-e
30 Lincoln-c, encircled by "THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA", in 282 31A 372
double lines. (So-called "Porthole" note) Inscription across lg blue seal-1c.
"DOLLARS" across bold, ornamental "5"-re. B. Encircled Great Seal-c,
flanked by "FIVE"-l&re. Sunburst radiating from-c to all parts of
open field
31 CN Gen. Thomas-c. "FIVE"-le. "DOLLARS", "IN COIN". "WASHINGTON, 359, 360 705- 14, 15 573, 374
D.C.", 3 lines, across lg brown sp seal-re. B. "FIVE" across "5", both
ornate, far-lc. Lg "5" far-re. Bold, double-lined and joined. "FIVE"-c,
above Inscription. All upon most ornate, note-length field
32 Sm red seal-re. B. Same 361 15A 375
33 Same. B. Lg "V"-le. Circular "FIVE DOLLARS"-e. Encircled Inscrip- 362-365 15B-20 376-379
tion-rc
34 FRN Lincoln-c, above "FIVE DOLLARS" low-c. District seal-1e. Red seal-re. 332-843 505A- 35R- 505L-35R 380A-L
B. Columbus sighting land far-le. Open field-c. Pilgrims landing far-re.
Inscription bottom border-c
35 Blue seal-re. B. Same 844-891 35- 505L- 38 TI 381A1-L4
36 FRBN Lincoln far-lc. District Bank-c, above "FIVE DOLLARS" Blue seal-re. 781-809A 405A- 28- 405L-28A
B. Similar to Type 34
382A-L3
(To be continued)
llk 11, H;4' ' Q I 7k"C Y.
• 24 /s fir ae .././ s' s / ss's
eV //sr. r r I. • sie), "I" r SI/
. ,/krve! Mtha „.• 04,41./ dell./1‘"••
A:As.
PAGE 260
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
KANSAS
Obsolete Merchant Scrip
Of John Pipher & Co.,
Manhattan
By S. K. WHITFIELD
Ten-cent note of John Pipher & Co., Manhattan. (Cour-
tesy of Chase Manhattan Money Museum)
$1.00 note of John Pipher & Co. (Courtesy of Kansas State Historical Society)
OHN PIPHER was born in Pennsylvania in 1811.
At the age of 21 he moved to Harrisburg where he
learned the trade of tobacconist. In 1855, he and a
company of six men from Cincinnati purchased the
steamboat Hartford and set out for Kansas to establish a
town. They arrived at Kansas City in the spring but
were delayed from going further by low water in the
Kansas River. Eventually they were able to proceed to
near the mouth of the Blue River, where another colony
from Boston had been established recently. The two
colonies decided to combine their efforts into what would
become the city of Manhattan. Kansas. The Hartford had
brought ten frame buildings up river, which became the
nucleus of the town. On the trip back down river, the
steamer was stranded by low water at St. Mary's Mission.
where she was later caught by a prairie fire and burned
to the waterline.
John Pipher acted as a company agent at Manhattan
for about one year and then established himself as a
dry goods and grocery merchant. He remained in busi-
ness for about 12 years and, during the specie shortage
in 1861 and 1862, issued his own merchant scrip.
Known denominations of this issue include 100, 25¢ and
50c dated November 1, 1862, and $1.00 and $2.00 dated
September, 1862. Pipher was the first postmaster of the
town as well as a justice of the peace, the mayor in 1855
and 1878, probate judge of Riley County from 1860 to
1868, and colonel of a regiment formed to protect the
area against border ruffians in the 1850's. He was still
living, as a retired judge, at Manhattan in 1883.
REFERENCE:
History of Kansas; Cutler & Andreas, Chicago 1883
Has Anyone Heard of
FRACTIONAL CURRENCY
Out There?
If you have any, I probably will buy it, especially
if it is CU or Rare. I also need books and other
materials dealing with
FRACTIONAL CURRENCY
Please
Send your material or a list and asking price to:
RONLENE (SPMC 4418)
P. 0. Box 322, Hillsdale, NJ 07642
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 261
Indian Paper Money
By Parmeshwari Lai Gupta
(Continued from No. 56)
Presidency Banks
In 1806, the first Presidency Bank, the Bank of Cal-
cutta, was started. In 1809, its name was changed to
the Bank of Bengal. Its first charter empowered the
directors to issue Promissory Notes payable on demand
for amounts not less than Rs. 10 and not more than Rs.
10,000. Its notes were made legal tender and were ac-
cepted by the Government, but not unconditionally. At
first the Government did not receive its notes outside Cal-
cutta but afterwards they became acceptable at all trea-
suries in the lower province of Bengal. In spite of this
limitation, it is said that it had a wide circulation. Its
notes were in currency as far as Banaras, according to
an authority; but they were subject to a discount of about
four per cent.
The two other Presidency Banks of Bombay and the
Bank of Madras were founded in 1840 and 1843, re-
spectively. The latter replaced the Government Bank of
Madras. Our knowledge of the circulation of the notes
of these Presidency Banks in scarce. The circulation of
the notes of the Bank of Bengal was 29 lacs in 1809,
but it gradually rose to one crore seventy-six lacs in 1862,
the last year of its circulation. The denominations of
its notes were Rs. 10, 15, 16, 20, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500,
1000, and 10,000. This Bank had become so powerful by
1834 that it pursued a policy of receiving only its own
notes and not those of others. The Bank of Bombay had
its highest point of circulation as Rs. 1,28,12,000. The
circulation of the Bank of Madras did never exceed 24.2
lacs.
Besides these three Presidency Banks, there were also
a few private banks, which had the paper currency of
their own; but little is known about them. Of these,
Union Bank, which arose out of the ruins of a num-
ber of trading agencies or firms in 1829, had the circu-
lation of its currency notes between three to seven lacs
till 1837. The notes of this bank for a time were accepted
by the Bank of Bengal; but when in 1854 the latter
decided not to accept the notes of other banks and
persisted in its decision, having its monopoly of Govern-
ment's recognition, it very much affected this bank and
it disappeared in 1848.
The Commercial Bank (1819-1833), The Calcutta Bank
(1824-29), the Bank of Mirzapur, the Bank of India
(founded in 1828), the Bank of Western (founded in
1842), the Oriental Bank Corporation (Agra) and the
United Service Bank of Agra were the other private
banks which issued their own notes. But these banks
could not issue their notes for long.
What was the form of the notes of all these banks
is nowhere described nor do specimens of their notes now
survive. A few notes of the Bank of Bombay that survive
show that it issued notes of several denominatioins that
ranged between Rs. 10 and 10,000 in value and were
uniformly designed, having four long, rectangular borders.
The upper and lower borders had a floral design in centre
which divided them into two compartments. The upper
two compartments had inscriptions in Persian script; and
the lower left in Gujarati and the right one in Hindi in
Devanagari script. The two sides had in niches the effigies
of Mount Stuart Elphinston and Sir John Macolm—suc-
cessive Governors of Bombay, the former on the left
and the latter on the right. The four cardinal points
had the denomination of the note in figures. The upper
left in Persian, upper right in Roman, lower left in
Gujarati and lower right in Devanagari. In the centre
of the field was a long panel of underground tinting,
The field had in the top line BANK OF BOMBAY; under-
neath was the space for the date. Then over the under-
ground tinting was inscribed I PROMISE TO PAY THE
BEARER ON DEMAND (value in words). Below it in
centre was BOMBAY. In the lower left side was Entd.
followed by a space for signature and the Accot. (for
Accountant) : below it the amount in words in a panel.
In the lower right side was the space for the signatures
of Secretary and Treasurer to be put on behalf of the
Bank. The words are FOR THE BANK OF BOMBAY
above and SECY. AND TREASURER below with a space
in between. It bore a serial number also. These notes
were signed in the own writings of the Accountant and
Treasurer and also the date of their issue was written.
Most likely similar was the form of notes of the other
two Presidency Banks. The notes of the Bank of Bengal
were probably signed by a Director before 1857; and
from 1858 its notes were signed by the Secretary, Deputy
Secretary and Accountant.''
First Banking Act
A regular paper currency in India was established only
in 1851, when the issuing of the paper currency passed
from the Banks to the Government of India. The Govern-
ment by an enactment (Act. No. XIX of 1861) in July
1861 prohibited the issue of all negotiable instruments—
bank cheques and drafts excepted, by any corporate body
or person or persons. However this was relaxed in the
case of the three Presidency Banks of Bengal, Bombay
and Madras, which were permitted to continue issuing
business till March 1862. Under this Act a department
of issue was established: but the affairs were managed
by the Presidency Banks on behalf of the Government.
In 1867 the Government took upon itself to carry on the
business.
After the passing of the Act of 1861, the country was
divided into three distinct circles of Calcutta, Bombay
and Madras, and notes issued from any of these circles
were not legally encashable outside its area. A circle
was thus a self-contained currency district.
In 1864, sub-circles were established at Allahabad,
Lahore, Calicut, Trichanapally, Vizigapatam (afterward
termed Coconada), and Nagpur. By 1865-66 Karachi was
added to it. Later, as paper currency increased in cir-
culation, more sub-circles were created. Akola was estab-
lished in 1868-61. By 1876-77 some shuffling was done
with the circles and sub-circles but their number stood
at ten; by 1887 their number was reduced to seven, viz.
Calcutta, Bombay and Madras as the principal circles and
Allahabad, Lahore, Karachi and Calicut as sub-circles.
Of these sub-circles the first two belonged to Calcutta
and the next two to Bombay and Madras, respectively.
Later the Currency Office at Allahabad was shifted to
Kanpur. By an Act of 1882, Burma, which was hitherto
outside the scope of the Paper Currency Act, was brought
within it and a circle office was opened at Rangoon in
1893. The notes of the subcircles were payable not only
at their place of issue, but also at the circle office of the
Presidency to which they belonged; but the notes of the
circles were cashable at the sub-circle office only under
special circumstances. By the Currency Act of 1910, the
sub-circles were abolished. Calicut was absorbed in
Madras and others were made separate circles. The cur-
rency map of India had practically remained unchanged
till 1935, when Burma was excluded from India. After
the division of the country into two parts, Karachi and
Lahore went to Pakistan.
2. This appears from a casual mention in an article,
`Some Notes of India' by R. Leader, published in the
Quarterly Magazine of the International Bank Note
Society, XI, No. 3 (March 1972), p. 140.
(To be continued)
PACE 262
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
SPMC Chronicle
Awards, Winners and Achievers
Virgil Jackson (149) of Wisconsin has been taking
top honors at area shows with his exhibit of errors as
shown in the accompanying photograph. He and his
wife Daisy have also been the recipients of Numismatic
News Weekly's Numismatic Ambassador Award.
Another recent recipient of the Ambassador Award
is William C. Henderson (2990) of Colorado Springs,
currently treasurer of ANA. He specializes in bank
checks and local history of his area.
The July 2, 1975 edition of Coin World carried an
article by SPMC's new president, Bob Medlar, on "Texas'
birth parallels American Revolution." Bob specializes
in the financial and monetary history of Texas both
as an independent republic and a Confederate state.
He is the author of SPMC's publication Texas Obsolete
Notes and Scrip.
Chester Krause (SPMC 9) continues to expand his
publishing business at Iola, Wisconsin, recently break-
ing ground for a new 2,000-square foot building on
a 16-acre plot on the outskirts of that Central Wisconsin
community. It will provide working space under one
roof for the Krause Publications staff of 68 employees.
Among them is Clifford Mishler (294), who is now
executive vice-president, responsible for the overall pro-
duction of all KP products.
Paul E. Garland (1237) saw his dream of a Blue
Ridge Numismatic Association Museum realized on
June 21, 1975 when the new facility was opened at
Camden, South Carolina. Among the 5,000 collectors on
hand for the occasion were the following SPMC mem-
bers: Grover Criswell (342) ; Charles Grace III (2097),
BRNA president; George Hatie (124) ; Dr. Walter Jones
(2519), who spoke at the special banquet; John J. Pitt-
man (3600) ; and Austin Sheheen, Jr. (2207).
Garland gathered funds for the Museum and contri-
buted hundreds of hours of labor to its completion.
Local officials, so impressed by the Museum, have re-
quested BRNA to keep it open on a continuous basis,
agreeing on their part to keep the Camden Archives
open in return.
The Museum is open Mondays through Fridays from
9 a.m. to 5 p.m. except for the lunch hour, 12 noon
to 1 p.m. Weekend schedules are 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.
Garland is still soliciting dollars and material of
numismatic interest, including such fiscal items as stocks,
bonds, insurance papers, bills of sale, etc.
At the Maryland State Numismatic Association's third
annual convention. June 7-8, 1975, the Best-in-Show
award went to Raymond E. Jones (SPMC 2243) for
"200 Years of U. S. Paper Money" and the first place
in U. S. paper money to Stephen Taylor (3258).
Prominent in the MSNA activities was John B. Henry
(2614), who was instrumental in founding the nation's
newest numismatic state organization. He is also co-
ordinating the SPMC obsolete note listing for Maryland.
Convention Report Next Issue
Because copy for this issue was prepared just prior
to the Editor's departure for our Los Angeles meeting,
there can be no report on its results. The November/
December issue, however, will contain the usual officers'
reports and an account of member activities and social
events at the meeting.
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PACE 263
Membership Participation Column
SYNGRAPHI-CHAT
Public Display of Paper Money
It was with great interest that I read Mr. Depro's re-
quest for help in the March/April issue, as two years ago
I faced a similar problem which I successfully solved.
I have a complete collection of the current currency of
the Bahamas which consists of some 31 notes (including
one of each denomination to display the reverse side) and a
large financial investment. It was housed in vinyl sheets
in an album kept in my safety deposit box at the bank.
Thus only I and possibly the accompanying bank officer
very occasionally had any pleasure from looking at it.
I work in an entertainment centre catering entirely to
tourists (90 ,4 American) and like Mr. Depro I thought
that its display there could be of interest to our visitors,
and I also would have the pleasure of seeing it every day.
I spent a lot of time and solicited many ideas before I
finally came up with a satisfactory solution, and even
after two years I am still satisfied.
First of all, I bought a large piece of one-inch thick
chip board and cut it to 38 x 30 inches. This was the
heaviest wood I could find. A lighter piece would have
done just as well, but the heavier the whole display turned
out, the more secure it would be. The complete case now
needs two men to handle it comfortably : hardly some-
thing fleeing bandits would make off with—I hope.
Next I covered the front and sides of the board with
velvet. I chose black, but personal preference will deter-
mine the color. With the aid of my wife, it was very easy
to stretch, and I fixed it very tightly along the edges of
the back of the board with thumb tacks.
Nov for the problem of fixing the bills in position: The
whole front was to be covered in glass but without crack-
ing the glass I could not get enough pressure to keep all
31 hills in position when the unit was raised to the vertical
position. The usual acetate holders were too thick and
I eventually used "Crystal Mounts." These are very
similar to bill holders and are obtainable from most stamp
dealers (and in "dime stores", since they are made by
the H. E. Harris Co.—Editor). They are made of a cel-
lophane-like transparency, come in several sizes and can
be custom cut to the precise size of any bill. The back
has a gummed strip which successfully adheres to velvet.
Having inserted the bills and stuck the holders down,
the next problem was the top covering. Ideally, glass
would be the perfect material but to fix it over the case
tightly required a skill I do not possess. So instead I used
"Plexiglass." This is a plastic glass manufactured in a
variety of thicknesses—I found quarter-inch to be the
best suited for this job. Plexiglass will not chip or crack
and can be drilled, cut and generally treated just like
wood. It doss, however, scratch very easily and great
care must be taken when working with it. Also, the manu-
facturer's instructions for cleaning must be followed very
carefully.
With the Plexiglass in position I then drilled holes
through it and the chipboard—eight altogether—one in
each corner and one along the middle of each edge. The
screws were then camouflaged with clear plastic rosettes—
the type used on bathroom cabinets and easily obtainable
in any hardware store. The Plexiglass must be screwed
down tightly but not so tight that it crushes the velvet.
I chose not to frame the case, but that is merely an
individual whim.
In the interests of security and to prevent the fingering
of the display case, it is mounted on a wall behind a
desk, but still clearly visible to the public.
My lighting problem was absolutely identical to that
of Mr. Depro. Initially I hung the case flat on the wall,
but the overhead fluorescent lighting caused an irritating
glare on the transparent covers over the bills, so I tilted
the top of the ease about three inches away from the
wall.
Each different denomination of Bahamian currency is
a different color and so far, after two years, I have found
no evidence of fading whatsover.
I hope that foregoing will be of help to Mr. Depro and
any others planning a display ease for their collections.
MICHAEL HARRIS
P. 0. Box F. 1779
Freeport
Gravid Bahama Island
Bahamas.
More on
Public Display of Paper Money
In response to Dennis Depro's request in PM no. 56 for
advice on the public display of paper money, I would like
to offer my experience.
The first consideration should be security. Insurance
and a complete listing of what is on display is a must.
Then, there should be someone who keeps an eye on the
display. By this I mean that if it is a public place such
as a lobby, some one person should be charged with the
responsibility of caring for it. It is not enough merely
to ask to have the display put up. This person should be
able to answer the public's questions, too.
Security cannot be too tight with regard to destruction,
accidental or otherwise. Glass cuts paper very easily and
in my opinion should not be used. There are several
impact-resistant plastics, but one which has a non-petro-
leum base should be used.
The best light for display is that reflected off a neutral
colored wall from the north. Tubular fluorescent lights
are not satisfactory; a long-time display can fade such
things as signatures quite easily. Filament lights are
not as detrimental as fluorescents. A good rule to follow
is to shade the display from any direct light.
Handling the material with bare hands must be for-
bidden so that oily finger prints and dirt do not transfer
to the paper. There should always be a protector over
the paper collectible.
Mounting is always a major problem. In my opinion
the note should remain in the hard stiff jacket and any
mounting should be made to it and not directly to the note.
Pasting, pinning and the like are strictly forbidden.
One factor not often considered is that of temperature.
Radical changes do create changes in the note. Such
famous documents as the Declaration of Independence
are fully protected in a temperature-humidity controlled
case. Dampness and extremes in temperature do nothing
but damage. Many papers lose the starch or stiffness.
Even vibration contributes to eventual destruction.
Anyone who does decide to display his collection in a
public place should make that hard decision as to whether
he wants his name used. In my opinion the risk is too
great and not worth the publicity. The fewer people
among the general public who know about your hobby,
the better. In this regard, my insurance company prefers
that I follow this procedure.
I would be interested in hearing from other collectors
about their methods and experiences.
JOHN R. PALM
PAGE 264
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
SECRETARY'S REPORT
VERNON L. BROWN, Secretary
P. 0. Box 8984 FORT LAUDERDALE, FL 33310
New Member Roster
Dealer or
No. New Members Collector
4461 Mike Follett, Plaza Level, One Main Place, Dallas, C, D
Texas 75250
4462 Bob Steele, P. 0. Box 568, Tomah, Wis. 54660
C, D
4463 William Monaco, 8 Kennedy Street, Uxbridge, Mass. C
01569
4464 Michael A. Commito, 12 Crestview Drive, South- C, D
bridge, Mass. 01550
4465 James I. Murrie, 1211 C Cedar Ave., Grand Forks, C
AFB, N. Dak. 58205
4466 Claude Wadsworth, 5521 - 1st Ave., So., Birming- C, D
ham, Ala. 35212
4467 Joseph A. Rizzo, 1307 So. Water St., Space #12, C, D
Silverton, Ore. 97381
4468 William R. Brown, 2225 Edison Drive, San Antonio, C
Texas 78201
4469 Bill Mc Murry, P. 0. Box 666, Dalhart, Texas 79022
C
4470 John A. Dubraski, 214 Belmore Drive, No. Syracuse, C
N.Y. 13212
4471 Fritz Voecks, 103 E. Kimberly Ave., Kimberly, Wis. D
54136
4472 Martin D. Fitzgerald, P. 0. Box 12261, Denver, CO
C
80212
4473 Victor M. Marchioni, 8 William St., Clifton, N.J. C, D
07014
4474 Frank Bare, 4142 N. 50th Place, Phoenix, Ariz. C
85018
4475 Charles G. Walker, 9 Swan Road, Livingston, N.J. C
07039
4476 Barrett Walker, P. 0. Box 231, Rockaway, N.J. D
07866
4477 Fred R. Wilke, 3303 Cross Country Dr., Wilmington, C
Del. 19810
4478 Harry E. Elder, P. 0. Box 264, Mifflin, Pa. 17058
C, D
4479 D. R. Sullivan, P. 0. Box 139, Oreana, Ill. 62554
C
4480 Chan Onhvandy, P. 0. Box 101, Fangum Street
C, D
Corner, Luang-Prabang, Laos
4481 Harvey L. Newpoff, 143 Mayfair Blvd., Columbus, C
Ohio 43213
4482 James K. Moore, P. 0. Box 2108, Sarnia, Ont., Can- C
ada N7T 7L1
4483 P. L. McGinn, 605 3rd Ave. N.E., Chisholm, Minn. C, D
55719
4484 Alexander W. Souden, 28 Merrell Ave., Stamford, C
Conn. 06902
4485 Edmund P. Tutlys, P. 0. Box 25, Dorchester, Mass. C, D
02125
4486 Claud Murphy, Jr., P. 0. Box 921, Decatur, Ga. C, D
30031
4487 Jeffrey Jacobs, 20 Aldburn Rd., Toronto M6C 2K3
C, D
Canada
4488 John W. Hertzfeld, 2632 Keygate Dr., Apt. 8, C
Toledo. Ohio 43614
4489 Donald G. Punshon, 3360 N. Neenah Ave., Chicago, C
Ill. 60634
4490 Peer Stander, Folkvarsvej 11, 2000 Copenhagen F., C
Denmark
4491 Michael Sucher, 10200 E. Broadview Dr., Bay Har- C, D
bor Islands, Fla. 33154
4492 Michael Karp, 9340 N.W. 36th Place, Sunrise, Fla. C
33313
4493 LCDR William T. Broder, Box 5016 COMM, FPO
C
New York 09580
4494 Wayne A. Imbrogno, 4652 Beechnut, Houston, Texas D
77035
4495 Fran Mudge, 4652 Beechnut, Houston, Texas 77035
D
4496 Mel Steinberg, 207 Fairfield Pike, Yellow Springs, C, D
Ohio 45387
Specialty
U. S.
Wisconsin National Currency
Broken bank notes
U. S. large-size notes
Fractional currency ; large and small-size
National Currency
All Texas notes and issues
Eastman College scrip, Poughkeepsie, N.Y.
U. S. small-size notes
Fractional currency and small-size notes
$2.00 bills, large and small-size; $1.00 small-
size
Obsolete state bank notes of N.J.
Broken bank notes
U. S. large-size Silver and Gold Certificates
National Bank Notes
Laotian Banknotes, Unc.
Canadian bank notes
Obsolete U. S. & Canada
Far Eastern
U. S. large-size notes
Georgia obsolete notes
Israel
U. S. Silver Certificates; Civil War cur-
rency
World with emphasis on Latin America
S Federal Reserve Notes
Regular Sets Star Sets
1963 (12) $24.95 (12) $25.95
1963A (12) 22.95 (12) 23.95
1963B ( 5) 7.95 4) 8.95
1969 (12) 19.95 (12) 21.95
1969A (12) 18.95 (11) 20.95
)969B (12) 17.95 "(11) 19.95
1969C (10) 14.95 ( 9) 18.95
1969D (121 16.95 (11) 21.95
1974 * (11 ) 15.75 Not Available
1963/1974-9 regular sets * (98) 152.50
1963/1969D-8 star sets (82) 154.50
Just received-1974 B-Star 1.75
1974 B-C 1.50
District 0 temporarily out of stock.
Add $2 for last two numbers match on district sets.
Personal checks must clear—Under $50 add .50c. N.Y. residents
add 4r4--Send SASE for price list for singles and blocks.
BUYING
Buying all large size and fractional U.S. Currency ; small
size nationals, silver certificates, legal tender and gold
certificates in better grades and scarcer notes. Also CU
FRN'S in selected rare blocks. Premium prices on uncut
sheets and errors. Write describe and price.
NUMISMATIC INVESTMENT ASSOCIATES
c/o SHELDON MOSES
BOX 618P, 1011 STATE STREET
SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK 12301
(63)
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 265
4497 David W. LaConte, P. 0. Box 254, Islip, N.Y. 11751
4498 Roger D. Redwine, 1927 Ellis St., San Francisco,
CA 94115
4499 Jack M. Baxter, 220 Arch St., Meadville, Pa. 16335
4500 Mrs. Violet Creamer, 3500 Galt Ocean Dr. #1610,
Fort Lauderdale, Fla. 33308
C
C $1 F.R.N.'s
D
C
Changes of Address
3797 Jim Bakel, 217 Gray Street, Newburgh, Ind. 47630
4221 Todd N. Baker, 17846 SE Pine, Portland, OR
97233
3994 Charles E. Baldwin, Route #2, Box 485, Lakeland
Road South, Severna Park, Md. 21146
2661 Arnold Bostwick, 2711 Allen Rd., Apt. II-5, Talla-
hassee, Fla. 32303
1223 Henry H. Clifford, 1048 Armada Drive, Pasadena,
CA 91103
3463 Carl Cochrane, 8 Lorraine Ave., Asheville, N.C.
28804
3705 Richard T. Erb, 2140 S. Goebbert Rd., =119, Ar-
lington Heights, Ill. 60005
3234 Robert D. Feild, III, 1501 Yuba St., Marysville,
CA 95901
2654 George Greenberg, 6212 Trotter St., Philadelphia,
Pa. 19111
17 Earl Hughes, Route 1, Box 291-A, Mitchell, Ind.
47446
4354 Stuart W. James, 4031-42nd, S.W., Seattle, Wash.
98116
2388 Robert P. Jones, 265 Hunter Dr., Globe, Ariz.
85501
3276 Willis E. Karner, Jr., 621 Charraway Rd., Balti-
more, Md. 21229
2238 Edwin Roy Kelly, 10329 Ridgecrest Rd., Utica,
N.Y. 13502
3369 Charles E. Kirtley, P. 0. Box 5807, Duke Sta.,
Durham, N.C. 27706
2391 Lyn F. Knight, P. 0. Box 4582, Overland Park,
KS 66204
4436 Larry J. Linn, 2122 W. Coffman, Casper, Wyo.
82601
3919 Forrest Mullen, 307 E. Ruth, Sidney, Ohio 45365
898 Jim Tom Nichols, 71 Driftwood Village, Mesquite,
Texas 75149
2709 Dave G. Raulston, 102 S. Sherwood Dr., Tucson,
Ariz. 85710
3102 Mervyn H. Reynolds, P. 0. Box 1355, Fort Eustis,
Va. 23604
4363 Jervis C. Rowe, an den Hubertshausern 21a, 1
Berlin 38. Germany
4262 LTC Lowell G. Smith, OPM ARTADE, TOS
DIRECTORATE, Ft. Monmouth, N.J. 07703
4415 Ricky Lee Smith, 2203 Briarcliff Rd., Atlanta, Ga.
30329
Change of Name
264 Ina May Miller
Aztp Wankel
—IN—
LOCATING DESCRIBING
CATALOGING BUYING
. . . obsolete and broken bank notes, sheets
and scrip of CONNECTICUT for the
S.P.M.C. Wismer update project.
I would appreciate a descriptive listing or
photostats of any CONNECTICUT notes in
your collection. Let's all pitch in and help
make the CONNECTICUT listing the BEST
and MOST COMPLETE book thus far. I
will reimburse for photostats needed. Any-
one able to help in this capacity will be
acknowledged in the book.
C. JOHN FERRERI
P. 0. BOX #33, STORRS, CONN. 06268
1-203-429-6970
PACE 266
Paper Money WHOLE NO. 59
MONEY MART
FOR USE BY MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY ONLY
PAPER MONEY will accept classifield advertising from members on a basis of 5c per word, with a mini-
mum charge of $1.00. The primary purpose of the ads is to assist members in exchanging, buying, sell-
ing, or locating specialized material and disposing of duplicates. Copy must be non-commercial in na-
ture. At present there are no special classifications but the first three words will be printed in capital
letters. Copy must be legibly printed or typed, accompanied by prepayment made payable to the So-
ciety of Paper Money Collectors, and reach the Editor, Barbara R. Mueller, 225 S. Fischer Ave., Jeffer-
son, Wis. 53549 by the 10th of the month preceding the month of issue (i.e., Aug. 10, 1975 for Sept.
1975 issue). Word count: Name and address will count for five words. All other words and abbrevia-
tions, figure combinations and initials counted as separate words. No check copies. 10% discount for
four or more insertions of the same copy. Sample ad and word count •
WANTED: CONFEDERATE FACSIMILES by Upham for cash or trade for FRN block letters,
$1 SC, U. S. obsolete. John Q. Member, 000 Last St., New York, N. Y. 10015.
(22 words; $1; SC; U. S.; FRN counted as one word each)
(Because of ever-increasing costs, no receipts for MONEY MART ads will be sent unless specifically requested.)
COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL currency wanted in
good or better condition. Confederate currency wanted in
Choice Unc. condition. Will pay full catalogue price.
Wayne T. Hahn, 2719 Morris Ave., Bronx, NY 10468 (60)
UTAH AND MORMON currency, coins, tokens, medals
and memorabilia wanted. Also need Educational, Bison
and Onepapa notes. Please write: D. L. Freed, Box 2009,
Salt Lake City, Utah 84110 (60)
CHICAGO AND ILLINOIS OBSOLETE notes desired.
Scrip, books, maps, engravings or other historical items
wanted. Can trade Fractionals, Silver Certificates or
Errors for above. James J. Conway, M.D., 2300 Childrens
Plaza, Chicago, 11, 60614 (60)
KANSAS OBSOLETE WANTED: Serious researcher
welcomes correspondence. No Merchants Bank or Union
Military Scrip desired. Also want Nationals on Law-
rence, Kansas. S. K. Whitfield, 320 Broadmoor Blvd.,
Lafayette, LA 70501 (59)
WANTED: NATIONALS WITH interesting bank and
community names. Examples: railroad, coldwater, home-
stead, gate city, etc. Howard Parshall, P. 0. Box 191,
Pineville, LA 71360 (59)
GREENBACK LABOR PARTY satirical notes and re-
lated items wanted. L. Candler Leggett, P. 0. Box 9684,
Jackson, MS 39206 (60)
MISSOURI CURRENCY WANTED: Nationals, obsolete
and bank checks from St. Louis, Maplewood, Clayton,
Manchester, Luxemburg, Carondelet and St. Charles.
Ronald Horstman, Rte. 2, Gerald, MO 63037 (62)
WANTED: RUTHERFORD, NEW Jersey National Bank
Notes, charter 5005. Please describe and price first letter.
Tom Conklin, P. 0. Box 440, Rutherford, NJ 07070 (62)
AKRON, OHIO NATIONALS wanted. Also obsolete notes
or scrip. Also, Nationals from Barberton, Cuyahoga Falls,
Hudson, Ohio, and Akron, Iowa aim Akron, Pennsylvania.
David Halaiko, 15800 Montrose, Cleveland, OH 44111 (60)
WANTED: POSTAGE STAMP scrip money, Civil War
stamp envelopes (Necessity Money), cardboard chits.
J. Lieske, P.O. Box 71, La Canada, CA 91011 (61)
MISSISSIPPI AND SOUTHERN States obsolete notes
and scrip or anything relating to Mississippi wanted. L.
Candler Leggett, P. 0. Box 9684, Jackson, MS 39206 (60)
ED KECK NEEDS a Pleasanton, Kansas National #8803
any condition. Describe and price. Ed Keck, #103, 5700
Carbon Canyon, Brea, CA 92621
WANTED: TEXAS COUNTY and Treasury warrants.
Please state Criswell number, date of Act note issued under
and if for civil or military service. Also need signed $5
Kelsey Douglass note. William Manning, 310 Park Dr.
#108A, Euless, TX 76039
LAS ANIMAS COLORADO and Sacramento, California
numismatic material (currency, checks, misc.) wanted.
Please describe and give price wanted. David Thompson,
8310 Carnegie Dr., Vienna, VA 22180 (61)
WANTED: COLONIAL and Continental currency, Pre-
mium prices paid or will trade. Write Kenneth Stiles,
RFD, Orford, NH 03777
EUROPEAN THEATRE GOLDBACKS wanted. Also
any European paper prior to 1948 in larger quantities
only. State price. Dr. L. Boyar, #3841, P. 0. Box 942,
New York, NY 10023 (62)
CHESANING MICHIGAN WANTED: $5 third charter,
No. 11454. Also Chesaning depression scrip. Cash or
trade other Michigan Nationals. Please write first. Rich-
ard Kirka, 17865 Albion, Detroit, MI 48234 (62)
WILL TRADE OR sell stock certificates from my large
holding. Will also trade bonds. Frank Sprinkle, Box 864,
Bluefield, WV 24701
GREAT CONFEDERATE RARITY: uncut sheet of $500
bills of 1864. Only sheet known. $25,000. Frank Sprinkle,
Box 864, Bluefield, WV 24701
FOR SALE—THE Handbook of Check Collecting, 100
pages, many illustrations, classifications, and values. $5.00
postpaid. Neil Sowards, 548 Home Ave., Ft. Wayne, IN
46807
WANTED: STOCK CERTIFICATES, bonds and pre-1920
checks. Also steamboat, canal and stagecoach related
paper. Neil Sowards, 548 Home Ave., Ft. Wayne, IN
46807
WANTED: VERMONT OBSOLETE paper money.
Please describe fully and send price wanted and quantity
available. Interested in singles, sheets or entire collec-
tions. William L. Parkinson, Woodbine Rd., Shelburne,
VT 05482 (61)
MILITARY CURRENCY WW2 wanted: Allied, Axis,
Japanese Invasion/Occupation and U. S. Military Pay-
ment Certificates. Edward Hoffman, P. 0. Box 8023-S
Camp Lejeune, NC 28542 (59)
'ULU-4 'Ialtdaiall
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jiff, ft.A. tif
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.. C•Oitil .411111;11 1k
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TAVANTY DOLLARS
WHOLE NO. 59
Paper Money PAGE 267
MONEY MART
RARE BOOK AVAILABLE: "Colorado Territorial
Scrip, Their History and Biographies of the Men Who
Issued Them," Nolie Mumey, M.D., Boulder, Colorado,
1966. Beautifully bound, two-color illustrations, auto-
graphed; only 350 copies published. Mint, rare. Post-
paid, $45 each, or will trade for Western obsolete paper.
john J. Ford, Jr., P.O. Box 33, Rockville Centre, NY
11571 (59)
GEORGIA BROKEN BANK notes wanted by serious,
private collector and researcher. Correspondence wel-
corned. Gary L. Doster, Rt. 2, Box 18-A, Watkinsville,
GA 30677 (59)
FRACTIONAL CURRENCY SPECIMENS (wide mar-
gin) wanted on CSA paper with all three letters or two
letters plus part of third. J. Lieske, P.O. Box 71, La
Canada, CA 91011 (61)
CURRENT $1.00 FRN's available . . . blocks, stars
Cope's, errors, radars, trips, quads, others . . . 25c and
SASE covers cost of large list. Ed Zegers, 11804 Pittson
Rd., Wheaton, MD 20906 (60)
FLORIDA NOTES
WANTED
ALL SERIES
•
A /so
A Good Stock-
Of Notes
Available
WARREN HENDERSON
P. 0. BOX 1358, VENICE, FLA. 33595
OZS
WANTED
OBSOLETE PAPER MONEY
(Bank Notes. Script, Warrants. Drafts)
of the AMERICAN WEST
Ore,rzon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Mon-
Lana, New Mexico, Colorado; Dakota, Deseret. Indian,
Jefferson Territories!
Cash paid, or fine Obsolete Paper traded.
Have Proof notes from most states, individual rarities, seldom seen denominationals. Kirtlands, topicals; Colonial, Continental;
CSA, Southern States notes and bonds. Also have duplicate Western rarities for advantageous trade.
JOHN J. FORD, JR. P. O. BOX 33, ROCKVILLE CENTRE, N. Y. '11571
FOURTH (1975) EDITION
I9 $3.50
UNITED STATES
LARGE SIZE
PAPER MONEY
1861 to 1923
UNITED STATES
LARGE SIZE
PAPER MONEY
by
William P. Donlon
Revised & Published by A. M. & Don Kagin
184 PAGES FULLY ILLUSTRATED
WITH UP-TO-DATE PRICES
NOW AVAILABLE AT YOUR DEALER'S
& STILL ONLY $3.50!
or order direct from:
A. M. & DON KAGIN
Suite 400.412 Royal Union Building
Des Moines, Iowa 50309
PUBLIC
AUCTION SALE
DECEMBER 3rd and 4th, 1975
FEATURING
THE GREAT
A EFL ECK ALL COLL ECTION S
CONTINENTAL
AND
COLONIAL CURRENCY
WHICH CONTAINS, AMONG OTHER ITEMS
FIVE VERMONT NOTES
each A DIFFERENT DENOMINATION!!!
A sale for "rarity" and
"regular" collectors
Send for catalogue—$1
NEW NETHERLANDS COIN CO. INC.
ANA LM 57
PNG 1 WEST 47 ST., NEW YORK, N. Y. 10036
IAPN
For An Award ,Winning Collection
MOUNT YOUR U.S. PAPER MONEY ON
Niceirt •VX CURRENCY ALBUM PAGES
The following sets of PHOENIX CURRENCY ALBUM PAGES and
mounts will accommodate ALL small size U.S. currency issued
from 1928 to date.
Legal Tender Notes Series Capacity Retail
L-01 One Dollar 1928 1 .50
L-02 Two Dollars 1928-63A 14 3.25
L-05 Five Dollars 1928-63A 12 2.50
L-3B Any Denomination ANY 18 3.00
Silver Certificates
S-EA Emergency Issue - Africa 1934-35A 3 1.00
S-EH Emergency Issue - Hawaii 1934-35A 4 1.00
S-RS Experimental Issue 1935A 2 .50
S-3B Any Denomination ANY 18 3.00
Gold Certificates
G-01 Ten and Twenty Dollars 1928 2 .50
National Currency
N-05 Any Denomination 1929 12 2.50
N-3B Any Denomination 1929 18 3.00
Federal Reserve Notes-$L District Sets
01-1 Granahan- Di I Ion 1963 12 2.50
1963A 12 2.5001-2 Granahan-Fowler
01-3 Granahan-Barr 1963B 5 1.50
01-4 Elston-Kennedy 1969 12 2.50
01-5 Kabis- Kennedy 1969A 12 2.50
01-6 Kabis-Connally 1969B 12 2.50
01-7 Banuelos-Connally 1969C 10 2.25
01-8 Banuelos-Shultz 1969D 12 2.50
Blockletter and
Federal Reserve Notes-$1. Star Note Sets
01 -1B Granahan-Dillon 963 34 7.25
01 -2B Granahan-Fowler 963A 70 14.75
01-3B Granahan-Barr 963B 13 3.00
01-4B Elston-Kennedy 969 36 7.50
01-5B Kabis-Kennedy 969A 32 6.75
01 -6B Kabis-Connally 969B 35 7.50
01 -7B Banuelos-Connally 969C 25 5.50
01 -8B Banuelos-Shultz 969D 44 9.25
Federal Reserve Notes
F-3B Any Denomination ANY 18 3.00
Small Size Currency
AP-3B All Purpose (Errors, radars, etc.) ANY 18 3.00
ALL PHOENIX CURRENCY ALBUM PAGES fit any standard three-ring loose-leaf binder.
VALLEY COIN SHOP 695 WASHINGTON ST., SO. ATTLEBORO, MA 02703
UNITED STATES
• LEGAL TENDER NOTES
uNI I ED ETAT ED
• SILVER CERTIFICATES
,r411ED
GOLD CERTIFICATES
NATIONAL CI KRENCY
.1W1-1
TIN! I ED 5 rETE5
FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES
•
ENITED ET,TS
• FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES
%•RU, MX 10
TED STATES
SMALL SIZE CURRENCY
EXPERIMENTAL ISSUE
WILY= IVNIIPICATES
TED STATES
EMERGENCY SERIES
W-6.■ CM KW. WNW TIE
W...•WWw
WNW Wel,.
Wt.., NI,. ...NT
Please send me a Stanley
Gibbons Gift Token Value £
I enclose P.O./Cheque value £
Name
Address
STANLEY GIBBONSILIMITEP
391 STRAND, LONDON, WL,2R OLX. i EL. 01, 836 8444
CURRENCY CLOSE - OUTS
$10, 1836, B.B. "Manual Labor Bank, - broken
bank, unc. $ 9.50
$1, (2) 1862 La., Baton Rouge state note, blue notes
rev. 6.50
$7, 1780, New Hampshire. Cut hole cancel, F. 25.00
$50, 1778, Congress Cont., Philly, VG 27.50
$10, TY (11 1929, Casper, Wyo. Nat'l. Gov. B
Brooks, sig. F. 147.50
$10, 1902, no date, as above, large type, F. 225.00
$10, TY (21 1929, Laramie, First, F. 125.00
$20, TY ( 11 1929, Laramie, Albany City, VG 125.00
$10, 1912, Utah State S.L.C. #617, date bk., VG .. 85.00
$10, 1912, Utah State Nat'l., Jos. Smith sigs., F. 85.00
$10, 1911, Caldwell, Id., First, no sigs., stains, F. 95.00
$20, 1915, Overland, Boise, Id., pair, consec. #'s
3111-3112, VF or trade above for Wyomings 375.00
$5, 1899, Gnepapa Silver Cert., VG-F 55.00
$10, 1901, Bison, Legal #121, F. 59.50
$10, 1922, Gold Back "K" & rare star notes, VG,
both 62.50
$20, 1922, Gold Back small & large serial numbers,
pair 75.00
$2, 1953-1963 Legals, used, nice types, my choice
$3.50, new 6.50
$1, 1935-1957 Ass't. bundles Silver Cert. consec. #'s,
crisp unc. & star notes, last 3 nos. match, 7 diff.,
et 12.50
$1, 1969, & ABCD. Number special picked from bank
blocks; odd, radar, palind./last 4-6 nos. match like
XXX9999; accumulation as a lot, about 800, at 15c
over face.
$1, 1974, 1/2.X1" green smear left across note, VF 7.50
$1, 1969, D serial #'s run into Washington, unc. 7.50
$1-5-10-20 set all way off center, display set, XF 135.00
$1, 1963 J&D58585858, unc. match pair 25.00
5 & 50 Mark, 1933, Jewish reparation bonds, German,
negotiable? 39.50
Check collectors: Chief Redwing colored check, Minn
statue, used, each 2.00
Check collectors: Wyo. ghost town—carbon—vignette
Elk Mt. background; Red Quanah, Texas 1920s
Treasury redeemable, each 1.00
50c & $1, New Find—Indian trade brass checks from
Camp Brown, Terr., not restruck, Fort Washakie,
J.K. Moore, as used pair or trade 65.00
Wyoming Early Items Wanted— Territory,
Postal Anthing else.
FRONTIER MINT
ANA
THOMAS F. MASON
SPMC
P. 0. BOX 1305, CHEYENNE, WY 82001
token of frietuNtip
A Stanley Gibbons Gift Token can
buy you, or your friends, a wide range of
quality items.
Our current range of nearly forty
albums offer a choice of size, price,
function and quality. Whether you're an
enthusiast of G.B. and Commonwealth
Stamps or a specialist in Europe or other
Overseas Countries, we have the Stamps
and the catalogues you need.
Stanley Gibbons handbooks deal with
philately from the simplest to the most
advanced level while our wide selection of
accessories provide philatelists with the
necessary ingredients to enhance their
collections.
Rare and popular stamps, ancient
coins, and banknotes from the Ming
Dynasty to modern times are also
obtainable with our Gift Tokens.
Why not give a friend a year's
subscription to Stamp Monthly or Flora,
our exciting new magazine for flower
arrangers
Ranging in value from £1 upwards,
these tokens are available by simply
completing the coupon or from the
Stanley Gibbons Shop at 391 Strand,
London WC2R OLX.
C: 1,■, of 11 ,e^
ittf'tt',..tt 10,1, tittlta;)
;;', 14eLqat tf 1 t1
V.,/,,,,d,A1.44, • Jo • / •
;I1111[2i
.210;94;14/ •
c?
,,., •
-
"ISSUED IN
DEFENCE OF
AMERICAN LIBERTY"
THIS EXTREMELY RARE
HISTORIC
"SWORD - IN - HAND"
NOTE
Engraved and printed by
PAUL REVERE
IS POSSIBLY THE FINEST COLLECTIBLE SPECIMEN OF ITS TYPE KNOWN. VERY FEW
OF THOSE ISSUED RECEIVED THREE SIGNATURES (IN THREE COLORS OF INK) AS
ORIGINALLY SPECIFIED BY THE GENERAL COURT OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY
COLONY.
OFFERED BY ITS OWNER
IN CELEBRATION OF THE BICENTENNIAL
OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
•
VIRGIL H. CULLER
ANA
BOX 541, LA CANADA, CAL. 91011 SPMC
CONFEDERATE - OBSOLETE
NOTES FOR SALE
CRISWELL type No. 15 F. fine, C. 0. C. Expert Repair of Cancel, Hole ......$325.00
CRISWELL Type No. 35 Good, C. O. C. Expert Repair of Cancel, Holes $950.00
CRISWELL ALA. No. 6. Fine $1.25
$5.00 Bank of St. Johns of Jacksonville, Fla. V. G. $9.00, F. $11.00
$3.00 Farmers and Mechanics Bank of Cannelton, Ind. A. U. (Trimmed Edges)
$12.50
S.P.M.C.
No.
493
Currency Times Past
Lawrence Marsh
P. 0. BOX 9279
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63117
A.N.A.
No.
R-051823
WANTED: RARE LARGE-SIZE NOTES
We require RARE large-size notes in any grade; type notes in CU only no Federals, please), in $1 through $100 denominations.
We also need all grades large-size NATIONAL BANK NOTES (requirements subject to change without notice), mainly FIRST
CHARTER $1, $2 and $5; SECOND CHARTER brownback $5s, and THIRD CHARTER RED SEALS $5, $10 and $20.
TOP DEALER PRICES PAID FOR REQUIRED MATERIAL.
We also pay top dealer prices for required "AMERICANA" WESTERN, INDIAN & TERRITORIAL items of mid-1840s to early
1900s ONLY, such as: broadsides, Gold Rush, Pony Express and Wells, Fargo memorabilia; documents, letters, coins, bars, books,
autographs, checks, bonds, certificates, drafts, covers, Indian artifacts of all types no current jewelry), pre-1898 firearms, etc.
No "Wells Fargo" buckles or reproductions of any kind, please.)
WRITE or CALL (co:lect) first and describe what you have to offer.
As dealers, we also have on hand a fine selection of notes and Western collateral for sale. Your inquiries are respectfully solicited.
M. PERLMUTTER
P. 0. BOX 476, NEWTON CTR., MA. 02159
Phone: 1-617 332-6119
Specializing in U. S. LARGE paper currency, Series 1861-1923, and Western "Americana."
Researchers, Dealers and Appraisers. Contributors to the leading publications and trends
in the field of U. S. paper money. Members of SPMC (948), ANA, ANS, PMCM, CCRT
and other leading syngraphistic, numismatic, ex . onumistic and philatelic organizations.
WANTED
•
U. S. COLONIAL CURRENCY
EARLY CANADIAN CURRENCY
prior to 1860
Send with your best price.
•
J. J. TEAPARTY
43 BROMFIELD ST.
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02108
Moniteim National Ha: 1‘
11COMMICIITCLBIS
oftiV
MISSOURI NATIONALS WANTED
•
Will Buy Any Condition If I Need The Bank.
Keenly interested in Uncut Sheets & other material pertaining
to National Banks from 1863-1935.
List information and prices in first letter and send for prompt
action to:
•
FRED SWEENEY
KANSAS CITY, MO 64111
BOX 10144
WANTED
IOWA
IOWA IOWA
IOWA
NATIONAL BANK NOTES
From the following IOWA cities and towns:
Adair Estherville Holstein Marshalltown
Afton Floyd Ida Grove Nashua
Belmond Fort Madison Ireton Northboro
Blockton Garden Grove Jesup Olin
Brighton Gilmore Lansing Orange City
Brooklyn Goldfield Lawler Sanborn
Clutier Grafton Lineville Sutherland
Coin Hamburg Linn Grove Wesley
College Springs Harlan Lisbon
Dike Harris Macksburg
Please state condition and price or send insured for my fair offer to
WILLIAM R. HIGGINS, JR.
BOX 64, OKOBOJI, IOWA 51355
ANA Life #109 SPMC #2950
.kletitstm National
Many of the world's
rarest banknotes find their way to
Paramount in London.
Collecting banknotes can be a most
rewarding hobby as many of our clients
have already discovered in the relatively
short time since we opened Paramount s
Paper Currency Department in London.
Illustrated are a mere handful from
our wide ranging selection of rare and
sought after banknotes from all over
the world.
A list of our stock is
now in a fully illustrated
brochure which we
will send to you
on request.
The
dedicated
paper
currency
collector knows well go to any lengths to
obtain specific items he wants.
The beginner can count on getting all
the advice he needs.
We even have a special plan for the
investor which can be tailored to suit
budgets from $20 to as much as $20.000.
Get this coupon on its way
to Paramount in London.
and well provide further
information on the
paper currency of
whatever countries
that particularly'
interest you.
and put you on
our exclusive
mailing list
Clockwise Immehe6002ry left
Bmicad'Ilalia snurgiVF 1920 Banco del Pic hiricha (Eimadorl-
Imperial Rank of Per STomdn IS, • - ABM.' specimen. MO 5ucres.UNC.1880,. $750
Banco
sia
da Beira (Mozani , , Ireland. Currency Commission. sin. UNC.1942 $95
(pc,a,,,t,,n se 1,1e, d Bgehsa,m,erso;:rt,.,E,1,,Fi 191,90C,L,Jer,r,,agn ,I,Arci S.550
Il ruynav Inn
Paramount
Paper Currency Department. London.
Paramount International Coin Limited.
Paper Currency Depaurnera.238 245Grand Buildings,
5afalgar Square. London WC2 5EZ, England.
hel 03839 2507 (8 lines/ Telex Parcoin Ldn 919108.
Please send me your free illustrated price list.
My particular interests lie in the paper cupency
of the follotrang countries
Mr Mrs, Miss
Address
WANTED
KANSAS NATIONALS
TYPE NOTES WANTED
Any Original Series $10 pay 400.00
Any Original Series $20 pay 550.00
Any Series of 1875 $50 pay 2000.00
Any Series of 1875 $100 pay 2000.00
Any Brown Back $100 pay 500.00
Any 1882 Dated Back $50 pay 500.00
Any 1929 Type II $50 pay 500.00
We will pay the above prices for VG or better notes.
CHARTER NUMBERS WANTED
We will pay $300 for any of the following Charter Numbers,
any type in VG or better.
#2192 #3473 #3791
#2640 #3512 #3805
#2954 #3563 #3807
#2990 #3564 #3812
#3002 #3567 #3833
#3035 #3569 #3835
#3090 #3594 #3844
#3108 #3667 #3852
#3194 #3695 #3853
#3199 #3703 #3880
#3249 #3710 #3900
#3265 #3737 #3928
#3384 #3751 #3963
#3386 #3758 #3992
#3394 #3769 #4150
#3431 #3775 #4288
#3440 #3776 #9097
#3443 #3787 #11887
There are many other Kansas Nationals that we are interested
in other than those listed above. If you have any Kansas Na-
tionals for sale, please write giving the charter number, type
and Friedberg numbers. Please price all notes in your first cor-
respondence as we will not make offers.
We Also Want Uncut Sheets of Kansas Nationals
Joe Flynn & Son
Rare Coins Inc.
BOX 3140
2854 W. 47th STREET
KANSAS CITY, KANSAS 66103
PHONE 913-236-7171
CURRENCY FOR SALE
1902 $10 Caldwell, Idaho #P4690 D/B XF 240.00
1902 $10 Colfax, Wash. #P7095 XF 245.00
1902 $5 NY, NY #10778 G/VG 27.00
1902 $20 Marinette, Wisc. #4137 Fine 65.00
1902 $10 Milwaukee, Wisc. #M5458 Ch CU 175.00
1902 $20 Inwood, Iowa #M8257 VG (no sigs) 75.00
1902 $10 Independence, Iowa #3263 VF 75.00
1882 $10 St. Louis, Mo. #170 F/VF 125.00
1902 $5 Bedford, Iowa #M5165 Fine 65.00
1929 $20 Mount Vernon, Wash. #12154 F/VF 95.00
1929 $20 Tacoma, Wash. #3417 T2 XF/AU 85.00
1929 $20 Yakima, Wash. #3355 T2 CU 250.00
1929 $5 Monson, Mass. #503 AU 90.00
1929 $20 Rawlins, Wyoming #5413 VG/F 175.00
1929 $20 Carmen, OK #12498 T2 XF 260.00
1929 $10 Stevens Point, Wisc. #3001 F/VF 65.00
1929 $50 San Jose, Calif. #2158 XF 165.00
1929 $20 Albany, Oregon #2928 F/VF 140.00
1929 $10 Woodsville, NH #5092 T2 Fine 140.00
1929 $50 Lewiston, Idaho #2972 F/VF 275.00
1929 $20 Yakima, Wash. #3355 F/VF 75.00
1929 $5 Evansville, Ind. #2188 T2 CU 35.00
1929 $10 Hannibal, Mo. #6635 T2 Fine 45.00
1929 $20 Sacramento, Calif. #10107 XF 45.00
1929 $20 Aberdeen, Wash. #13091 AU 85.00
1891 $1 Treasury Note Fr. #350 Ch CU 225.00
1928-C $5 United States Notes Ch CU 12.50
Satisfaction guaranteed. Seven-day return privilege.
Bank cards welcome, please send information as it
appears on your card. Member ANA-RCDA.
AURORA COIN SHOP
206/283-2626
507 3rd Ave. #5-PM, Seattle, Wash. 98104
WANTED
All District of Columbia Currency
A. Obsolete Notes and Scrip
B. National Bank Notes
All Small Size Currency with Low Serial Numbers
00000081, 00000082, 00000084
•
Julian Leidman
SELLING?
Would you try to sell your stamp collec-
tion to a coin dealer? Don't make the
same mistake with your U. S. paper
money. We are a full-time dealer spe-
cializing exclusively in U. S. paper money.
Need we say more?
•
BUYING?
Our current ten-page comprehensive
price list of large and small U. S. paper
money is yours for the asking.
•
THE VAULT
P. 0. BOX 2283
PRESCOTT, ARIZ. 86301
SELL HARRY
YOUR MISTAKES!
Harry wants to buy currency er-
rors . , . large and small-size notes
. . . also interested in buying Na-
tionals—Uncut sheets . . Black
Charter No. Red Seals.
Harry is selling error notes. Please
write for list or specify notes ..
a large selection of error notes
available.
HARRY E. JONES
P. 0. BOX 42043
8439 Georgia Ave., Silver Springs, MD 20910
(301) 585-8467 (63) CLEVELAND, OHIO 44142
BOB MEDLAR
IOWA NATIONAL CURRENCY
WANTED
Laurens, 1st Nat. B. #4795
Linn Grove. 1st Nat. B. #7137
Macksburg, Macksburg Nat. B.
#6852
Malvern, Malvern Nat. B. #8057
Monroe, Monroe Nat. B. #7357
Montezuma, 1st Nat. B. #2961
Nevada, Nevada Nat. B. #14065
Ottumwa, Iowa Nat. B. #1726
Red Oak, Farmers Nat. B. #6056
Seymour, 1st Nat. B. #8247
Sigourney, 1st Nat. B. #1786
Sioux City, Sioux Nat. B. #4510
Stuart, 1st Nat. B. #2721
Villisca, Nodaway Valley Nat. B.
#14041
Williams, 1st Nat. B. #5585
Wyoming, 1st Nat. B. #1943
Blockton, 1st Nat. B. #8211
Bloomfield, Nat. B. of Bloomfield
#9303
Burt, 1st Nat. B. #5685
Casey, Abram Rutt Nat. B. #8099
Clarence, 1st Nat. B. #7682
Clearfield, 1st Nat. B. #9549
Coin, 1st Nat. B. #7309
Conrad, 1st Nat. B. #9447
Davenport, 1st Nat. B. #15
Floyd, 1st Nat. B. #9821
Fontanelle, 1st Nat. B. #7061
Fredericksburg, 1st Nat. B.
#10541
Glenwood, Mills County Nat. B.
#1862
Griswold, Griswold Nat. B. #8915
Kanawha, 1st Nat. B. #9018
Keokuk, Keokuk Nat. B. #14309
SMALL SIZE
LOOK FORS
THE SE FACES
WHEN BUYING OR
SELLING!
Whether it's rare U.S.
Currency, Obsoletes,
Bank Notes, Texas
Documents, etc., we'll
be happy to provide
quotes or arrange to
include your material
in any of our auctions
Call us at (512) 226-2311
Beside the Alamo
BETTY
MEDLAR
WILLIAM R. HIGGINS, JR
BOX 64, OKOBOJI, IOWA 51355
A.N.A. Life #109 S.P.M.C. #2950
TENNESSEE OBSOLETE NOTES
5.00 Bank of America. u/s. Unc.
10.00 Bank of America. u/s. Unc.
1.00 Central Bank, 1855. V.F.
1.00 Bank of Chattanooga, 1861 Fine
1.00 Bank of Chattanooga, 1863. X.F.
2.00 Bank of Chattanooga, 1863. Fine
5.00 Bank of Chattanooga, 1858. Fine
20.00 Bank of Chattanooga, 1858. X.F.
1.00 Blount County, 1862. Unc.
1.00 Exchange Bank, 1856. Fine
2.00 Exchange Bank, 1853. Fine
5.00 Exchange Bank, 1856. Fine
1.00 Mechanics Bank, 1854. Unc.
10.00 Mechanics Bank, 1854. Unc.
20.00 Bank of West Tenn. 1861. C.O.C.-V.F.
1.00 Ocoee Bank, 1862. Fine
25c Bank of Tenn. 1861. Fine
50¢ Bank of Tenn. 1861. V.F.
5.00 Lawrenceburg Bank, u/s. Unc.
10.00 Lawrenceburg Bank, u/s. Unc.
5.00 Farmers & Merchants Bank, 1854. Red. V.F.
5.00 Farmers & Merch. Bank. 1854. Blue. X.F.
1.00 Bank of East Tenn. 1855. Fine
2.00 Bank of East Tenn. 1854. Fine
5.00 Bank of East Tenn. 1854. V.F.
5.00 Bank of East Tenn. 1855. Knoxville. Unc.
10.00 Bank of East Tenn. 1855. Knoxville. Unc.
20.00 Bank of East Tenn. 1854. Jonesboro. Unc.
20.00 Bank of East Tenn. 1855. Knoxville. A.0
Neavta RARE COINS AND CURRENCY
220 Alamo Plaza
San Antonio, Texas 78205
A
FQR SALE CURRENCY FOR SALE
•
U.S.A.
LARGE & SMALL SIZE CURRENCY
INCLUDING:
NATIONAL CURRENCY;
OBSOLETE CURRENCY;
RADAR & FANCY SERIAL
NUMBER NOTES;
"ERROR" NOTES &
OTHER TYPES.
$10.00
10.00
9.00
20.00
8.00
6.00
9.50
12.00
14.00
7.00
8.50
6.00
10.00
10.00
15.00
11.00
4.00
5.50
14.00
16.00
7.50
8.50
7.50
8.00
8.00
9.00
9.00
8.50
8.50
Many notes from most states in stock. Send your want list.
I also want to buy notes of any kind.
LARGE MAIL LISTING AVAILABLE FOR
A LARGE-SIZE, SELF-ADDRESSED
STAMPED ENVELOPE.
10-DAY RETURN PRIVILEGE.
YOUR SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED.
•
ROBERT A. CONDO
RICHARD T. HOOBER-ANA 9302
P. 0. Box 196 Newfoundland, PA 18445
P. 0. BOX 304, DRAYTON PLAINS, MICHIGAN 48020
ANA-LN 813, SPMC-2153
Obv
.r.rACIf.tatMS
?tut it ' 0161
r s2"""71-4.CrtvBAH LnI•T
Rev
NEW YORK NATIONALS
Wanted
•
Amityville 8873
Babylon 4906
Babylon 10358
Bay Shore 10029
Bridgehampton 9669
Cutchogue 12551
East Islip 9322
East Northport 12593
East Setauket 11511
Easthampton 7763
Farmingdale 8882
Great Neck Station 12659
Greenport 334
Greenport 3232
Greenwich 1266
Greenwich 2517
Hicksville 11087
Islip 8794
Kings Park 12489
Northport 5936
Patchogue 6785
Port Jefferson 5068
Riverhead 4230
Sayville 5186
Smithtown Branch 9820
•
GEORGE A. FLANAGAN
BOX 191
BABYLON, N.Y. 11702
SMALL-SIZE
MINNESOTA NATIONAL CURRENCY
WANTED
Adrian. Nat. B. of Adrian #9033
Canby, 1st Nat. B. #6366
Cold Spring, 1st Nat. B. #8051
Cottonwood, 1st. Nat. B. #6584
Deer River, 1st Nat. B. #9131
Grand Meadow, 1st Nat. B.
#6933
Hendricks, 1st Nat. B. #6468
Hendricks, Farmers Nat. B. #9457
Kerkhoven,
he Sueur,
1st
1st
Nat.
Nat.
B.
B.
#11365
#7199
Sauk Center, 1st Nat. B. #3155
Stewartville, 1st Nat. B. #5330
Lanesboro, 1st Nat. B. #10507 Staples, 1st Nat. B. #5568
Madison, 1st Nat. B. #6795 Verndale, 1st Nat. B. #6022
Mankato, Nat. 13. Commerce
#6519
Wendall,
Wheaton,
1st Nat. B.
1st Nat. B.
#10898
#6035
Mapleton, 1st Nat. B. #6787 Windom. Window Nat. B. #6396
McIntosh. 1st Nat. B. #6488
Also WantedSmall-Size
Salem, Ore., 1st Nat. B. #3405
Olympia, Wash., Capital Nat. 13
Salem, Ore., United States Nat. #4297
B. #9021
State price and condition or send for my fair offer.
I have many notes in stock as well! What do you need?
JOHN R. PALM
Deephaven
18475 THORPE ROAD, WAYZATA, MINN. 55391
UNITED STATES
1776-1876 INTERNATIONAL
EXHIBITION TICKETS
$5.00ea. 10 for $45.00
CHARLES T. RODGERS
P.O BOX 66531
LOS ANGELES CALIF 90066
SEILING, OKLAHOMA
WANTED BY COLLECTOR
I am looking for National Bank Notes on
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK,
SEILING, OKLAHOMA
CHARTER 8615
JIM PITTMAN
(SPMC 13331
P. 0. BOX 126, SEILING, OKLAHOMA 73663
PINETREE SELECTIONS
UNCUT SHEETS UNSIGNED
Farmington, N.H. Bank 1-2 $10.00
New England Comm. Bank, Newport, R.I. 1-1-2-3 10.00
BOOKS
Comprehensive Catalog of U.S. Paper Money, by Hessler $20.00
World War II Allied Military Currency, by Toy &
Schwan 3.00
European Paper Money Since 1900, by Pick 16.95
Friedberg Paper Money 8th Edition 17.50
Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, by Krause 15.00
SEAMAN COIN SUPPLY
(Charles Seaman, Owner)
ANA - LM, SPMC, RCDA
Box 698-S, Ogunquit, Maine 03907
DEALERS INQUIRE (60)
Menahga, 1st Nat. B. #11740
Minnesota Lake, Farmers Nat. B.
#6532
Osakis, 1st Nat. B. #6837
Park Rapids, Citizens Nat. B.
#13692
Pipestone, Pipestone Nat. B.
#10936
Universal Numismatics Corp.
FLOYD 0. JANNEY LM No. 416
CAROL JANNEY LM No. 1416
P 0 Box 143 Waukesha. Wisc. 53186
ARIZONA & WYOMING
STATE AND TERRITORIAL NATIONALS
WANTED
All banks, all series, any condition except washed
or doctored notes.
Top prices paid—many trades
PETER HUNTOON
P. 0. Box 3681, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
RHODE ISLAND
NATIONAL BANK NOTES
WANTED
0
Please describe notes fully.
Contact:
"RINATS"
P. 0. BOX 33
ASHTON, R.I. 02864
(59)
Look What $2.00 Will Buy
Two Historic Colorado Gold Mining Stock Certificates, issued.
PLUS
Two Bank Checks from Famous gold mining camp of Cripple Creek,
Colorado, issued.
PLUS
Large Illustrated List of Checks, stocks and Paper Americana
ALL FOR JUST $2.00 postpaid
PALL R. PEEL
1748 Sawyer Way
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80915
303-5969-2839
WANTED: STOCK CERTIFICATES, Checks, Broken Bank notes, paper
Americana, etc. Ship samples with quantity available and price.
(00)
OBSOLETE PRICE LISTS
2,000 notes offered for sale: Request one (or more) individual lists :
• Southern State Broken Bank Notes, Scrip
• Virginia Collection, offered individually
• Misc. States, BBN and Scrip
• List of Penna., Uncut Sheets All States, Proof Notes, College Cur-
rency, Depression Scrip, Other Related Notes, Historical Items
• Fractional Currency
• Confederate Currency
Enclose 10c SASE. Please describe in detail what notes are of interest,
which states you collect.
DONALD E. EMBURY SPMC 3791
P. 0. BOX 66058, LOS ANGELES, CA 90066
Collector/Dealer Since 1935
SPMC CHARTER #38
$2 Educational
Fr. 247 New $775.00
Society Certified Professional Numismatists
Bellevue, Ohio
WANTED BY COLLECTOR
I am still looking for National bank notes on
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BELLEVUE,
OHIO Charter #2302.
I'm also interested in FIRST NATIONAL BANK
NOTES ON FREMONT, OHIO Charter #5 and
#2703.
Gerald C. Schwartz
270 NORTHWEST ST., BELLEVUE, OHIO 44811
OBSOLETE
NORTH CAROLINA PAPER MONEY
WANTED
I need North Carolina colonial and continental
notes and obsolete North Carolina bank notes.
I have many North Carolina duplicates that I
will trade for North Carolina items that I need.
Please write for my detailed want list.
CHARLES F. BLANCHARD
P. 0. DRAWER 30, RALEIGH, N. C. 27602
FREE PRICE LIST
Write today for my free price list of U.S.
obsoletes.
Wanted: Conn. material, checks, notes, etc.
CHARLES E. STRAUB
WI NDHAM COI NS
P. 0. BOX 14, WILLIMANTIC, CT. 06226
WANTED WANTED WANTED
NATIONAL BANK NOTES FROM OHIO, ESPECIALLY FIRST AND SECOND
CHARTER NOTES FROM CINCINNATI AND SURROUNDING CITIES.
I have many good type notes to trade for Ohio issues that I need. Ohio notes aren't particularly scarce
and should be tradeable with type collectors for notes from surrounding states. Satisfaction guaranteed.
•
For Sale For Sale For Sale
Collecting paper money since 1942 has produced some duplicates. Are any of the following of interest?
F-16 UNC. Slight top stain, one small pin
hole $185
F-16 XF or better, bright note $135
F-41 XF-AU. Faint corner folds, trace soil $265
F-43 Better than F; bright for the grade, no
creases or broken ink. A scarce note $1 10
F-48 Crisp CU but small tan stain on bot-
tom margin $195
F-67 Bright CU, faint signs of aging on re-
verse. Amongs, the scarcest of the $5
Woodchoppers $275
F-75 Average F-VF copy $65
F-242 UNC but slight signs of aging around
edges $250
F-242 CU, this one bright and perfect $320
F-245 Approaching XF; clean but with
centerfold and 2 pin holes; no broken ink $325
F-292 Bright CU $525
F-299 VG. Well circulated but no tears;
well centered $50
Small Size Silver Certificates
All Bright CU
Series 1928 ea. $11.50
Series 1928A ea. $ 8.00
Small Size Gold Certificate
Series 1928 (F-2405) VF condition .... $135
A few fractional notes . .
F-1251 GEM, red reverse $60
F-1253 AU, Autographic pen sigs of Colby-
Spinner $50
F-1253, another copy, this one GEM with
excellent pen signatures $90
F-1255 AU $22
F-1266 Bright CU; deep blue tint on reverse $30
F-1307 VF+
$15
I offer the standard terms of sale and I pay the postage. Certified or Cashier's Checks
receive immediate shipment. Notes may be returned in seven days for refund. But there
is more: As a collector I am very sensitive to grading and I would like to find some way
to prop up the sagging standards of grading paper money that seem to be moving in upon
us. For notes I sell, I extend the "guarantee" another notch. Should anyone return a
note to me for vague or general reasons . . . his privilege . . . he pays the return postage
and insurance. But if he honestly feels the note is overgraded . . or defects not adequately
described . . . he tells me so with his return and I reimburse him for the return postage
and registration fee. That's fair to him . . . and keeps me honest.
SPMC #3240
WILLIAM P. KOSTER ANA #70083
8005 SOUTH CLIPPINGER DRIVE, CINCINNATI, OHIO 45243
Home: 513/561-5866 Office: 513/271-5100
I NEED
SOUTH CAROLINA
PAPER MONEY
I WANT TO BUY ALL TYPES OF SOUTH CAROLINA PAPER
MONEY FOR MY PERSONAL COLLECTION.
I Need — PROOF NOTES
OBSOLETE BANK NOTES
S.C. NATIONAL BANK NOTES
CITY, TOWN & PRIVATE SCRIP
I HAVE SIMILAR MATERIAL FROM OTHER STATES THAT I
WILL TRADE FOR NOTES THAT I NEED. PLEASE WRITE FOR
MY DETAILED WANT LIST.
I Also Collect — PROOF NOTES WORLDWIDE
SPECIMEN NOTES
BRITISH COMMONWEALTH
VIGNETTES USED ON BANK NOTES
COUNTERFEIT DETECTORS
BANK NOTE REGISTERS
J. ROY PENNELL, JR.
SPMC #8 ANA #11304
P. 0. BOX 858
ANDERSON, SOUTH CAROLINA 29621
NOW
ACCEPTING CONSIGNMENTS
of Choice U.S. Paper Money for
FALL MAIL BID SALE
Single notes or complete collections.
Liberal terms and cash advance.
IF YOU PREFER TO SELL OUTRIGHT,
DONLON PAYS TOP DOLLAR FOR CHOICE
U.S. PAPER MONEY SERIES 1861-1923.
Send your duplicates or complete collection by registered
mail. Indicate if you prefer Mail Bid Sale or outright sale.
You will be quoted Sale Terms, or if selling outright, check
sent subject to your acceptance.
List of Prices Realized June 5 sale $1. with catalog $2.50
DONLON CATALOG 1975 ed. "U.S. Large Size Paper Money"
ppd. $3.50
WILLIAM P. DONLON
Specializing in United
States Large Size Paper Money
P. 0. Box 144S, Utica, New York 13503
ANA 4295
Life Member No. 101