BY THE END OF THE 1930s, Americans had seen a lot of (and perhaps had enough of) scrip and other unofficial alternatives to the U.S. dollar. Even well into the decade, however, the state of California remained stubbornly receptive to monetary nostrums for economic recovery.
IN THE CHRISTIAN LITURGICAL CALENDAR, Ash Wednesday marks the beginning of Lent, the period leading up to Easter when Christians commemorate the forty days that Jesus spent fasting and praying in the wilderness with their own acts of sacrifice.
WHEN FRANCES HODGDON BURNETT'S sentimental rags-to-riches story, Little Lord Fauntleroy, was published in 1886, it ignited a craze among middle-class mothers across the United States to dress their sons up in the same confection of velvet and lace that adorned Burnett’s plucky protagonist.
After some seventy-five years, the residues of President Harry S.
WHILE LOTTERIES SERVED important financial purposes in the early United States, by the second half of the 19th century their operation was increasingly restricted or suppressed by the American states. Public disapproval of lotteries peaked with federal action undertaken to shut down the Louisiana Lottery in 1890. This form of gambling would remain illegal in the United States for another seventy years.
IN HER STUDY of women on currency, Virginia Hewitt observes that “almost all women on notes are personifications or idealizations, even when they appear in realistic form.” As the use of paper money became widespread in the 19th century, advances in engraving technologies enabled banknote printers to resort to finely-wrought human portraits as a measure to thwart cou
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