Paper Money - Vol. XLVI, No. 6 - Whole No. 252 - November - December 2007

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AC. 3■444)-C:4Ats-:&14,::::: ::::::.tr 'S 1-800-622-1880- ._=1111F WE BUY, SELL, & AUCTION THE VERY BEST IN PAPER MONEY - .' ii■Ttiums-r.t.TEsoiaimuunicr -- • K2717 K27172 -'43=1.4.- calm I Ill; SANIIIIIONJ tit% thOO If you are seriously thinking of buying, selling, or consigning paper money, why not do what many of America's leading dealers and collectors have done? Contact Smythe. Why do they choose us? They recognize what it takes to achieve the best results. They know there are no substitutes for our decades of numismatic experience, our first-class numismatic research facilities, our world-class catalogs, and our unquestioned reputation for integrity For more information, or for our latest Buy Prices, please contact us at: 5000 ...11■Megiit.(111 A1111110l ''')",7÷-7 A013001 1000 j DO-71LiitS de 4,1/1., •tr:4 GEORGIA. /77E. No.E447 HIS CERTIPICATR t t! the BeaRr to ^?J ONE ,PANIt,li ;4:1 DC,1.1 AP, •or the Value thereof, according to Refolotion of 4CCINCRESS. Large size type notes Especially FRN's and FRBN's J118* ofkluo." ''- ) MMUS -- -0NotapinallmA _. . 7 . '......- -•••• , 015t145634 1,1441tolt l'In'a .-.711103-4f4W..ath.-;1111'• Ife = >Large star notes 1928 $500's and $1000's >National Bank Notes 1.111.;Z/: IMEITE Si °FAME Rita 4.11•• • • ..r■Ve *1429169 N85439: iirke 0 yo.Tumn 4- ii co 0 a026 TftorVti:111t,f-w >Easy to sort database By date added to Web site By Friedberg number All or part of any serial # >Insightful market commentary >Enlarge and magnify images 5.106224 A106224 t0100 ,!. 44,030- IC98705A 114 Ii K 5:11.1740-0-or- -= malraltla nIskNowy As •• ' TitgleCIIVIII4STATINSVPilaty 400 6 1, 45624 416 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money GIC31312:301:31i31:313 1,701,Y1,7, 1 ..713E31210100130E, 0.41.110,W041:0t"? 7,1:17 1.1,1414,ttMAW W, ,W.V.e.kii aortuttbeicacir, o • e31Eltalailt4CLEILIEW■ 31EILIIMIIK(41211LIVALTILIIJe JAWY. VR1935.MONTREAL. LLLA÷L, • L/:_NLM FT:fflani ft 100 :11K tri N► 74 ,>tmrs Ep,Tan R.• E102617 E102617 FRJSATI111011.12UUILS• Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 417 amalgamated with Imperial Bank of Canada in 1956. Ten commercial banks of issue to serve some (in those times) 11.5 million Canadians? Yes, after natural selection, growth and expansion, strategic acquisitions, ten survivors out of close to 100 note issuing banks--several of which survivors would go on, with justifiable sense of accomplishment, to celebrate the opening of a 1000th branch. The Bank of Canada data groups note-issuing banks as seven principal families of institutions, as of 1989, and this approach also can provide insights for collectors. Under Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce are no less than 13 institutions for which data are provided, including three issuers of small chartereds, Canadian Bank of Commerce, Imperial Bank of Canada, and Barclays Bank (Canada). Notes outstanding, as recorded, aggregate $2,261,841.18. Larger amalgamated banks include Bank of Hamilton (1872-1923) and Standard Bank of Canada (1876-1928). The Bank of Montreal group comprises eight institutions, $2,250,908.50 in notes outstanding. Larger component banks are Merchants Bank of Canada (1868-1923), Bank of British North America (1836-1918), and the Molsons Bank (1837, chartered from 1855-1925). The Royal Bank of Canada listing notes ten mergers, several of them critical to the bank's phenomenal growth to national status. Larger acquisitions include the Union Bank of Canada (1886-1925) and the venerable Quebec Bank (1818-1917). Also listed in Royal's name are notes issued by its forerunner institution, the Merchants Bank of Halifax. Bank of Nova Scotia absorbed five banks of issue, the larger being the Bank of Ottawa (1874-1919) and the Bank of New Brunswick (1820-1913). Banque Canadienne Nationale listings include notes of the two institutions which merged in 1925, Banque d'Hochelaga and Banque Nationale. Banque Provinciale listings include pre-1900 releases in'its former name, La Banque Jacques Cartier. A Toronto-Dominion listing comprises notes of the two component banks. No notes were issued in the "T D" name. A particularly thought-provoking listing concludes the central hank's 1989 note redemption report: "notes outstanding" on some 12 "defunct banks," latter-day (20th century) failures occurring subsequent to a Note Redemption Fund having been in place, for whose redemption the Bank of Canada is responsible. The two largest sums relate to the 1923 failure, with loss to depositors and other creditors, of the Home Bank of Canada (1905- 1923), $35,027.46 to be repaid, and of the. St. Stephen's Bank, New Brunswick (1836-1910), $11,066.67. Those "odd cents," in these instances, reflect the fact that the Note Redemption Fund, to which issuing banks contributed, paid interest to noteholders over the interval during which affairs of the troubled bank were being wound up. Next to be presented are known sheet number or serial number ranges, for each of 47 recognized varieties (Schedule II). Such notes were printed, or processed, in sheets of four, the use of identical sheet numbers, differ- enced by on-plate position letters, having been the more usual practice, as was done with first-issue Bank of Canada 418 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money legal tender of 1935. Banks having opted for numbering of individual small chartereds were Bank of Nova Scotia, Dominion Bank, and Barclays Bank (Canada). SCHEDULE II SERIAL OR SHEET NUMBER RANGES OBSERVED OR REPORTED FOR 47 CANADIAN "SMALL CHARTERED" NOTE VARIETIES DEEMED TO HAVE BEEN IN CIRCULATION, 1935 TO 1943 BANK OF MONTREAL, logo 1 (saltire, within oval reading Concordia Salus), numbering by four-note sheets (A, B, C, D). T-01 1935 $5 LOW: 024233/D HIGH: 1477401/B T-02 1935 $10 LOW: 011329/D HIGH: 1084380/D T-03 1935 $20 LOW: 003151/B HIGH: 093406/A T-04 1938 $5 LOW: 030144/A HIGH: 590697/A T-05 1938 $10 LOW: 005781/D HIGH: 354267/D T-06 1938 $20 LOW: 02104/C HIGH: 63996/A T-07 1942 $5 LOW: 003829/D HIGH: 044996/B BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA, logo 2 (lion, in shield), numbering of individual notes. T-08 1935 $5 LOW: 028392 HIGH: 3216031 T-09 1935 $10 LOW: 131002 HIGH: 2271125 BANK OF TORONTO, logo 3 (BT monogram, in shield), continuous numbering by sheets. T-10 1935 $5 LOW: 007361/C HIGH: 235733/D T-11 1937 $5, Henwood sign. LOW: 246111/C HIGH: 395955/D T-12 1937 $5, Marsh sign. LOW: 402191/B HIGH: 483273/B T-13 1935 $10 LOW: 012640/D HIGH: 134308/D T-14 1937 $10, Henwood sign. LOW: 157390/A HIGH: 225485/D T-15 1937 $10, Marsh sign. LOW: 232595/D HIGH: 277974/C T-16 1935 $20 LOW: 00001/C HIGH: 10535/D BANQUE CANADIENNE NATIONALE, logo 6 (beaver), numbering by sheets. T-17 1935 $5 LOW: 012929/B HIGH: 479194/D T-18 1935 $10 LOW: 018268/C HIGH: 284486/D BANQUE PROVINCIALE DU CANADA, logo 8 (beaver, maple leaf), numbering by sheets. Large blocks of T-21 through T-24 destroyed unissued. T-19 1935 $5 LOW: 006382/C HIGH: 119333/D T-20 1935 $10 LOW: 00001/D HIGH: 74661/C T-21 1936 $5. blue back LOW: 000003/A HIGH: 122315/A T-22 1936 $5. greem back LOW: 160344/B HIGH: 175661/B T-23 1936 $10. orange LOW: 000612/P HIGH: 072334/D T-24 1936 $10, green LOW: 114029/D HIGH: 119982/B CANADIAN BANK OF COMMERCE, logo 10 (caduceus), continuous numbering by sheets. Release of $5 notes essentially ended with T-26. T-25 1935 $5, Aird-Logan LOW: 000002/D HIGH: A146107/B T-26 1935 $5, Logan-Arscott LOW: A180575/B HIGH: A372184/C T-27 1935 $5, Logan, Wedcl LOW: A425389/C HIGH: A432023/C T-28 1935 $10, Aird-Logan LOW: 000001/B HIGH: 623917/B T-29 1935 $10, Logan-Arscott LOW: 659539/B HIGH: A136575/A T-30 1935 $20, Aird-Logan LOW: 004509/A HIGH: 146166/C ROYAL BANK OF CANADA, logo 11 (crown), numbering by sheets, subvarieties (1935 issue) have small and large signatures. T-31a 1935 $5, small sigs. LOW: 024620/B HIGH: 352724/D T-31b 1935 $5, large sigs. LOW: 408105/B HIGH: 2129266/C T-32a 1935 $10, small sigs. LOW: 018588/A HIGH: 2 79546/D 1-32 b 1935 $10, large sigs. LOW: 325435/A HIGH: 1648565/B T-33a 1935 $20, small sigs. LOW: 00034/D T-33 b 1935 $20, large sigs. LOW: 23359/D HIGH: 175522/A T-34 1943 $5 LOW: 000001/D HIGH: 106883/D Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 419 DOMINION BANK, logo 12 (maple leaf), numbering of individual notes. T-35 1935 $5 LOW: 008640 T-36 1935 $10 LOW: 073256 T-37 1938 $5 LOW: 057382 T-38 1938 $10 LOW: 038128 IMPERIAL BANK OF CANADA, logo 17 either saltire within circle or lion on ment varies), numbering by sheets (prefix letter advances by intervals of 50,000 shee HIGH: 1443078 HIGH: 1004833 HIGH: 776349 HIGH: 593986 crown within circle, logo place- ts). T-39 1934 $5, Phipps sign. LOW: 004610/B HIGH: G186722/C T-40 1934 $5, Jaffray sign. LOW: H210919/A HIGH: L366382/C T-41 1934 $10, Phipps sign. LOW: 008379/C HIGH: F143779/D T-42 1934 $10, Jaffray sign. LOW: G157548/D HIGH: J286877/B T-43 1939 $5 LOW: 015138/B HIGH: F112207/C T-44 1939 $10 LOW: 001630/A HIGH: E083388/A BARCLAYS BANK (CANADA), logo 22 (spreadeagle on shield), continuous numbering of individual notes. T-45 1935 $5, Borden sign. LOW: D007501 HIGH: D146860 T-46 1935 $10, Borden sign. LOW: E009581 HIGH: E118670 T-47 1935 $10, Magee sign. LOW: E122038 HIGH E154740 Computed from known sheet and serial number ranges, data which reflect many years of bourse floor observation and significant collector and dealer help, numbers and aggregate face values of small chartereds released into circulation are compiled as Schedule III. Confidence in the reasonableness of these approximations takes into consideration the modest differences (increases) since these figures first were published in April 2002 ... for both totals, 0.5 per cent (see Preliminary Readings). SCHEDULE III NUMBERS AND FACE VALUES OF SMALL CHARTERED NOTE ISSUES AS INDICATED BY KNOWN SHEET (SERIAL) NUMBER RANGES WITH PERCENTAGES OF TOTAL NUMBERS AND TOTAL VALUES Institution Note Issue Dollar Value Royal 16,240,938 (26.0%) 124,707,255 (26.6%) Montreal 14,836,559 (23.7%) 112,399,765 (24.0%) Commerce 10,619,704 (17.0%) 84,599,950 (18.1%) Nova Scotia 5,487,156 (8.8%) 38,791,405 (8.3%) Dominion 3,818,246 (6.1%) 27,085,325 (5.8%) Imperial 3,395,409 (5.4%) 24,382,320 (5.2%) Toronto 3,087,125 (4.9%) 21,627,200 (4.6%) National 3,054,720 (4.9%) 20,963,320 (4.5%) Provincial 1,639,652 (2.6%) 11,257,225 (2.4%) Barclays 301,600 (0.5%) 2,281,700 (0.5%) Total 62,481,109 468,095,465 Data in Schedules II and III provide instructive insights into aspects of "small chartered" issuance and cir- culation. Some 62,481,109 notes which entered circulation--our current best estimate--aggregated $468,095,465 (Schedule III), an overall mean of $7.49. Broken down by denomination, these figures give: $5 notes, 35,260,105 (56.4 per cent of the aggregate); $10 notes, 25,262,514 (40.4 per cent); $20, as issued by four of the ten banks, 1,958,490 (3.1 per cent). The $7.49 overall mean is seen to have varied significantly from bank to bank (see individ- ual bank descriptions), from a low for the two dominantly "French-speaking" banks (Banque Canadienne Nationale, $6.86; and Banque Provinciale, $6.87), to such highs as $7.58 for Bank of Montreal, $7.68 for Royal, and $7.97 for Commerce. Inclusion of a $20 high value in a bank issue would be a partial explanation for the higher means of those "top three", but Barclays Bank, which didn't have a small $20, averaged $7.57, well above Bank of Toronto, which did have a small $20 but averaged $7.01, the third lowest such figure. The ten banks of issue, as well, can be seen to have released a quantity of $10 notes that was, overall, but 71.6 per cent of the number of $5s. This result might be surprising until it is appreciated that a Depression-era $5 would have been not only a make-up denomination (counting out, say, $35 as "three tens and a five") but also a sig- nificant sum in itself. In this light, it can be instructive to compute this statistic for individual banks: For Bank of Montreal, the number of issued $10s was 68.1 per cent of the number of $5s; for Bank of Nova Scotia, 70.6 per cent; for Bank of Toronto, 57.5 per cent; for Banque Canadienne Nationale, 59.4 per cent; for Banque Provinciale, 420 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money 59.5 per cent; for Bank of Commerce, 82.8 per cent; for Royal Bank, 73.7 per cent; for Dominion Bank, 72.0 per cent; for Imperial Bank, 77.4 per cent; and Barclays Bank (Canada), 105.4 per cent. That final figure should serve to set thoughts in motion. Barclays Bank (Canada) had been, first and fore- most, a businessman's bank, dealing in larger sums and facilitating national and international trade. "On cash," it counted out orange $10s, its blue-green $5, to this day scarce for collectors, really having been a make-up note. The "fewest tens" banks, in marked contrast, had many, relatively small branches, a preponderance at village or neigh- borhood level, and no doubt facilitated and encouraged individual savings. Their $5 low value, for their clientele, served day-to-day needs with much of the purchasing power of $50 today. Were you to visit Canada and to go "bank spotting," the street corner and shopping mall branches might seem a bit reduced in number, having given way to ATMs and such, but the names of the note issuers do survive, some with subtle alterations. Bank of Montreal has been branding itself with its stock exchange symbol, BMO. Canadian Bank of Commerce, Imperial Bank, and Barclays Bank (Canada), merged with Imperial back in 1956, now operate (since 1961) as Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, CIBC. Royal Bank is Royal, or perhaps RBC, with its striking "lion and globe" corporate emblem. Bank of Toronto and Dominion Bank joined forces back in 1955-- "a marriage of equals," it was said. Look today for TD Canada Trust. Banque Canadienne Nationale and Banque Provinciale united in 1979, as Banque Nationale (National Bank of Canada), a strong force within Quebec and a significant presence across Canada. All in all, a youthful bank staff will try to field your questions on small char- tereds, but--time passes! -- it's more than possible that they'll not know what you mean. At bourse or dealer level, you could go after, say, those 20 banker portraits (20 of them, calling for 13 small $5s), or the 31 signatures (20 notes, but a truly formidable task). All this could easily lead you to considerably broader numismatic thinking. Small chartereds much resem- ble United States small nationals, except of course for numbers of issuing institutions. They also resemble consoli- dated bank issues of the Irish Republic, the post -- 1928 "ploughman" notes. Paper numismatics does have many such intriguing fields which beckon just a bit beyond the well -- beaten path. Toward a Broader Perspective Listed below are two groups of published sources which can offer insights into Canada's "small chartereds" and their lore. The first listings represent my own writings, indicative of what knowledge was available--and what wasn't--over the 40-50-year interval. Several of the later of these listings specifically invited reader input, and in some instances significant help was forthcoming. Information so gained has been incorporated into this definitive version of the study. The numbered references that then follow are "recommended readings" for those who wish to view consulted sources, or to gain perspective on Canadian banking and its century and more of note-issuing char- tered banks. The focus here being on the final decade of such currency, the small chartereds, we are looking at rela- tively accessible, by and large affordable, material -- 47 or so small but attractive notes, readily perceived as a dis- tinct challenge unto themselves. Preliminary Writings "The Bank of Montreal Bank Note Issues Since 1871," Canadian Numismatic Journal, 2:10 (October 1957), pp. 191-97. "The Final Decade of Canadian Bank Currency, 1935-1944," Numismatic Scrapbook Magazine, 26:3 (March 1960), pp. 609-20. "The Royal Bank of Canada Note Issues, Halifax and Montreal, 1901-1943," Numismatic Scrapbook Magazine, 27:5 (May 1962), pp. 1281-90. "Canada's Counterfeit Originals," International-Bank Note Society Journal, 3:4 (Autumn 1963), pp. 14-15. Depicts from Royal Bank of Canada archives and discusses hand-drawn counterfeits, the battleship Bellerophon $10 of 1913 and the Donaldson Line steamer $5 for Trinidad, both complete with credible Neill-Holt "signatures." "A `Conversation'-Invitation about 46 (I Think) Small Chartereds," Canadian Paper Money Newsletter, 7:2 (July 1999), pp. 46-50. "An Extended Consideration of 46 Canadian 'Small Chartereds,"' Canadian Paper Money Newsletter, 8:1 (April 2000), pp. 14-19. The 47th small chartered was the Canadian Bank of Commerce $5, Wedd signature (T-27), which at that point had not been seen as an issued (circulated) note. "Small Chartereds: Tidying the Record," Canadian Paper Money Newsletter, 10:1 (April 2002), pp. 10-11. "Canadian 'Chartered Bank' Currency Offers Challenging Final Chapter," FUN-Topics, Florida United Numismatists, Inc., 51:2 (Fall 2006), pp. 43, 48-49. Additional References 1. Benoit, Benoit. "The Provincial Bank of Canada Note Issue of 1st September 1936," Canadian Paper Money Journal, 6:1 (January 1970), pp. 6-7. Documents from bank records large blocks of T-21 through T-24 that were destroyed unissued. 2. Charlton, flames] E. "Canadian Paper Money Collecting, 1949-1976," Canadian Paper Money Journal, 12:3 (July 1976), pp. 83- 90. In a brief note, Canada's foremost auctioneer and dealer of the half-century, recalls when there had been "no appar- INTRODUCING A NEW DESTINATION FOR PASSIONATE COLLECTORS >144313', L A P.ER01133EW A 7: ■•■■•-` ) 1 Z‘ 1 +A BLE,Tb-THE. Bringing the World's Greatest Notes Together PMG announces the launch of our new Notes Registry, exclusively for collectors of PMG-graded notes. The PMG Registry combines the world's greatest notes with the world's greatest collectors, and is a proud part of our continued commitment to expert, impartial grading, state-of-the-art encapsulation, collecting resources, and the highest standards of integrity. With the PMG Registry, you can track inventory, build sets and compete with others who share your passion for notes. You can also arrange unique Signature Sets based on your own creative criteria. Begin with one note and watch your set grow, or add an entire new collection. Visit www.PMGnotes.com today and click on "Registry" to include your collection among the world's greatest notes. Join the community www collectors soc■ety corn 1-APMG PAPER MONEY GUARANTY P.O. Box 4755 I Sarasota, FL 34230 I 877-PMG-5570 (764-5570) I www.PMGnotes.com An Independent Member of the Certified Collectibles Group AUTHENTICATION EXPERT GRADING ENCAPSULATION IMAGING INTEGRITY IMPARTIALITY Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 421 422 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money ent interest in late-issue chartereds," then deemed "too expensive to collect, even at face value." . Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, Tokens and Paper Money, 26th ed. Toronto: Charlton International Publishing, 1978, pp. 341. Reflective of the state of knowledge at this time, this well-received reference devotes 81 pages (pp. 223-303) to list- ings of small chartereds. 4. Cross, W. K., publisher. Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Bank Notes, 3rd ed., Walter D. Allan, editor. Toronto: Charlton Press, 1996. pp, xii + 524. A compendium whose primary focus is chartered banks and their note releases. A separate volume treats government and central bank legal tender. 5. Denison, Merrill. Canada's First Bank: A Histozy of the Bank of Montreal, 2 vols. Toronto and Montreal: McClelland & Stewart, 1967, pp, xix + 472 (vol. 1), xiii + 454 (vol. 2). Such Canadian bank histories can prove of great interest to monetary students. This celebration of Bank of Montreal's 150th anniversary extends through the "small chartered" interval, and depicts in color the face of T-07, the Gardner-Spinney $5 of 1942. As well, comparison of bank officer portraiture in these volumes with corresponding note vignettes can be instructive. 6. Graham, R[obert] J. "A Study in Bank Note Survival Rates: The Barclays Bank Small Size Issue 1935," Canadian Paper Money Newsletter, 14:2 (June 2006), pp. 52, 54, 60. An investigation from collector holdings of $5 (T-46) and $10 (T-46 and T-47) "small Barclays" notes, by ranges of 1000, with interpretive considerations. 7. . "Twentieth Century Note Issues of the Bank of Nova Scotia, Canadian Paper Money Journal, 27:3 (July 1989), pp. 51-62. Relevant to this study, reports high-number, 1935-dated Nova Scotia $5 notes, T-08 (3230001 to 3700000) and $10 notes, T-09 (2317001 to 2700000) to have been destroyed unissued in 1944. His assertion that lower number ranges were issued agrees essentially with observations (Schedule II). 8. Howard, C. S. Canadian Banks and Bank-Notes: A Record. Republished from The Canadian Banker, Canadian Bankers Association. [Toronto, ca. 1955], pp. 48. A pioneer presentation, which served collectors as a respected principal reference for many years. 9. Hunter, E. R., and Edward R. Grove, "The Men Who Produced the Canadian Bank of Commerce 1917 Notes," Canadian Paper Money .7ournal, 9:3 (July 1973), pp. 65-66, 77-86. A learned and lavishly illustrated presentation considering face and back design components subsequently adapted for "small Commerce" issues, domestic and "southern," and, as well, the "woman with globe" vignette employed on all Barclays (Canada) releases. 10. Jamieson, A. B. Chartered Banking in Canada, rev. ed. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1957, pp. x + 448. Conceived, one senses, as a textbook for banker education, the comprehensive work so treats Canadian banking history and banking practice as to provide valuable perspective and insights into the context and the times in which chartered bank currency functioned. 11. Kreilkamp, Gunther, "Duisenberg Euro Notes: A Summary," International Bank Note Society Journal, 45:3 (2006), pp. 17-23. An exhaustive study of Euro currency of the initial, Willem F. Duisenberg presidency, by note denomination, nation- al origin, and printery, an investigation rooted in "circulation" observation. 12. "Listing of the 'Small Size' Chartered Bank Notes Issued 1934-1943," Canadian Paper Money Journal, 2:3 (July 1966), pp. 55-56. Indicative of state of collector knowledge at this time. The Journal carries a sequel, 4:3 (July 1968), pp. 61-62. The Journal provides clarification as to the Bank of Montreal final (1942) release, 5:2 (April 1969), p. 37. 13. Morris, Thomas F., "Notes Printed for Canadian Chartered Banks by the British American Bank Note Co., Limited," Canadian Paper Money journal, 4:3 (July 1968), p. 63. A listing strong in Victorian classics, both negotiable and "broken bank," but quite lacking in latter-day small char- tereds. Missing are the Banque Provinciale 1935s, the $5 and $10 Jean-Baptiste Rolland portrait notes (T-19 and T- 20), and the range of Royal Bank small chartereds (T-31ab, T-32ab, T-33ab, T-34). 14. Pick, Albert. Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, 7th ed., vol. I (specialized issues). Ed. by Neil Shafer and Colin R. Bruce II. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 1995, pp. 1096. Includes Canada (non-government issues), pp. 135-240; hence, small chartereds. Illustration quality, portrait identifi- cation, signature variety recognition, could have been strengthened. 15. Rudin, Ronald. Banking en francais: The French Banks of Quebec, 1835-1925. Social History of Canada 38. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985, pp. xxvi + 190. To put eight small chartereds (T-17 to T-18, T19 to T24) in historical perspective, academic background reading on their issuing institutions and their distinctive Quebec-based antecedents. 16. Walker, Sir Edmund, "Banking in Canada, a paper read before the Congress of Bankers and Financiers, Chicago, 1893," Canadian Paper Money Journal, in five parts, 4:3 (July 1968), pp. 65-68; 4:4 (October 1968), pp. 87-88; 5:1 (January 1969), pp. 15-18; 5:2 (April 1969), pp. 43-44; 5:3 (July 1969), pp. 69-70. As B. E. Walker, Sir Edmund signed Commerce notes of 1907, 1912, and early allegoricals issue-dated 1917. Indeed, as Hunter and Gore underscore (Reference 9, p. 66), it was Sir Edmund who had been responsible for commissioning the art and engraving that resulted in the Commerce allegoricals. • EV OF STATES SSUE /74"7% F000611A ututaimp THE CITY NATIONAL BANK OF TAYLOR Tr.xAs WILL PA, 10 THE BEARER ON DEMAND TEN DOLLARS F000611A 644‘ 44 ;aawr `S L -550.101 Ert UN 0 5.. 05015,_0 POS Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 423 Banking: "Doing What We Do Best" by George W. Taylor I THE LATE 1800S AND 1900S TAYLOR, TEXASlwas a major hub of economics, business and social life for an important rural area of central Texas. Farming with all of its satellite businesses: wagon yards, livery stables, blacksmiths, equipment companies, and "King of All" The Cotton Gin (1877) was the major source of income for the local economy. Second only to farming was rail- roading: passenger service, mail ser- vice, shipping with its storage and maintenance facilities. Taylor, Texas was so located to have two railroad companies: the International and Great Northern (1876), and Missouri, Kansas and Texas (1882). The IGN and the MKT railroads occasioned need for a large railroad repair shop called "the round house," with its turntable to redirect the engines or other equipment being repaired. All of this activity brought the need for many services and the stores and companies to render these services: grocery, clothing, shoe and repair, hotels, cafes, and an assortment of other businesses. In 1900 the population of Taylor, Texas was 4,211 with that many more in the adjacent countryside. As a result of these conditions and the fact that farming was a sea- sonal business it was apparent that the community could not conduct normal business and pursuit of livelihoods without banking facilities. Farmers borrowed money in the late winter time to carry them through non-productive times and in the spring time money was borrowed for seeds, etc. to plant their crops. Small withdrawals weekly or frequently carried the families through the non-income periods. As summer passed and fall approached, the crops had to be harvested. Pay for the work- ers, money for the ginning of the cotton, repairs and a myriad of other things cause the need for monetary transactions. IVith a lot of luck the farmer hoped to recover enough income from the harvest to pay the loans he had made with the bank and enjoy a profit for his efforts. John H. Griffith came with his family o Taylor, Texas in Above: City National Bank of Taylor, 1909-1965; at right, the cur- rent bank building. 1883 when he was six years old. He was educated in the City of Taylor School. Later he was active in the lumber business. On Feb. 10, 1900, he and others established the City National Bank of Taylor, Williamson County, Texas. John H. Griffith became Vice President and served in that capacity until he was named President on Jan. 14, 1913. He actively served in this position until Jan. 9, 1940, when he became chairman of the board of directors. Dr. Eanes and J.J. Thames were the first and second presidents of the bank, but neither served actively as an officer. Having deposited $50,000 in bonds with the Comptroller of the Currency, Charles G. Dawes, the bank was issued Charter #5275. It opened for business on April 3, 1900. With this capital deposit and federal charter, the bank was allowed to issue National Currency with the name of the bank on them. A total of $925,260 worth of these bills were issued before they were discontinued in 1935. The primary significance of this essay does not depend on the capital or growth of this bank but that as of this date, the bank has operated and given community services since its founding in 1900. It has survived the "Panic of 1907," and the "Great Depression." It has not been sold, merged, nor bank- rupt, and has operated under the original name with four gen- erations of family leadership. Currently, the bank has Edward C. Griffith as Chairman of the Board of Directors, Andrew D. Littlejohn as President, and Edward C. Griffith Jr. as Executive Vice President. During its first hundred years, the bank's assets had grown to $145 million. In this fast moving day and time, I find this bank and its history most unusual, and hope its operation con- tinues for many generations to come. •:• 424 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money $5 1928C Legal Tender FA Mules & 1934A Silver Certificate HA Mules: Cousins in Production and Rarity by Jamie Yakes T HE USE OF REGULAR $5 SMALL SIZE MICRO BACK PLATES DREW TO A CLOSE during February 1940. Two micro back mule rarities were created then, the $5 Legal Tender Series of 1928C FA block and $5 Silver Certificate Series of 1934A HA block notes. Concurrent Creations Three factors converged to create the rarities during this period: (1) less than one percent of available back production was in the form of micro backs; (2) $5 LT and SC production was high so $5 back production was not sitting around very long before being overprinted; plus, existing stockpiles of $5 backs were being consumed; and (3) serial numbering was just entering the Legal Tender FA and Silver Certificate HA blocks. Three $5 back plates with micro size numbers were still in use during August 1939; specifically, 902, 905 and 938. Plate 905 continued to be used until February 14, 1940. The result was that only small numbers of micro back sheets were overprinted with serials on the two blocks. The reported specimens are listed in Table 1. Table 1- Reported notes. Series Serial Plates Printed 1928C LT F00577379A E347/905 December 1939 1928C LT F00703140A G332/905 December 1939 1928C LT F00841637A 1(324/896 December 1939 1928C LT F01584870A L332/895 January 1940 1928C LT F01662061A A332/896 January 1940 1928C LT F01956613A January 1940 1928C LT F02073566A January 1940 1928C LT F02356095A C332/905 Jan/Feb 1940 1928C LT F02376180A F327/895 Jan/Feb 1940 1928C LT F02518451A 1(332/905 Jan/Feb 1940 1928C LT F02837816A B331/905 Jan/Feb 1940 1928C LT F03922924A J337/905 February 1940 1934A SC H00678185A E1074/905 Spring 1940 1934A SC H01357321A G1130/905 Spring 1940 1934A SC H01998115A G1025/905 Spring 1940 The first Legal Tender serial number printed in 1940 was F00868001A. Three of the reported FA serials predate this number revealing that the Legal Tender FA mules were being printed during the winter of 1939. The Silver Certificates represent a slightly different scenario. Serial numbering was only half way through the GA block at the beginning of 1940. The HA block did not commence until spring 1940, much later than the Legal Tender FA block. 1AIS C FOR ALL Ur H01357321 A SCROES,OF WASIIINGTON.1).C. 4.2.110=1 F1ES TNESZE ■5 OR OCRO ' A OL1YA1£LIK TO 9ME MIMEO. ON OEM N Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 425 Micro Backs on the Rarities The production data for the micro plates observed on these rarities appear in Table 2. Table 2- Usage of key $5 micro backs. Back plate Inclusive dates sent to the press Date canceled 895 Dec 15, 1937-Jan 27, 1939 Nov 28, 1939 896 Dec 15, 1937-Jan 27, 1939 Nov 28, 1939 905 Dec 17, 1937-Feb 14, 1940 Feb 15, 1940 Back Plate 905 Rare 1934A $5 Silver Certificate HA mule printed during the spring of 1940. The author purchased this note off eBay in 2004. Micro back 905, the last regular micro used, is common to both rarities. The last serial numbers coupled with 905 were in the Silver Certificate HA block which was overprinted during the spring of 1940, possibly May. It is apparent that both of the mule rarities were created from recently printed 905 backs based on when the faces with which they are mated were in use. The late use of 905 also explains why it is the most frequently encountered on these rarities. Back Plates 895 and 896 Printings from other micro backs found their way to the Legal Tender FA serial numbering presses. The two that have been observed are 895 and 896. Printings from them predate the overprinting of the first Legal Tender 1928C FA mules by almost a year. Consequently, the mules created from 895 and 896 had to be from stockpiled backs. Some of them were mated with faces 331 and 332, which were used well into 1940, revealing that there was a substantial time lag between the back and face printings on at least some of the Legal Tender $5s. A third micro back plate, 901, had the same press dates as plates 895 and 896. This back plate has been observed on 1934A Silver Certificate GA mules printed in December of 1939, indicating that sheets from this back plate were also stockpiled throughout year. This late use of back plate 901 means it may be possible to find this plate on a 1928C LT FA mule. wiconsuo piagrarriezmosi,",,,,ja.' 4-4 IgiU.11'3( ejtk_Likijokx F02376180 A DEP DEBTS ED Ds or ISBEIC NASIIINGTONAC. WILL, 'MILS' It! 41WINIL.,1111114111.1111V.SEJOIV ITEMILlaN IlL114111111LALAIME 426 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money 1928C $5 Legal Tender FA mule printed during early 1940. This note exhibits micro back plate 895. Changeover Pairs The Legal Tender FA and Silver Certificate HA blocks were the last blocks during which $5 changeover pairs were created as a result of the 1938-1940 micro/macro changeover period. Only one COP is reported from this period for either type: $5 LT 1928C F00703140A non-mule with macro back plate 1012 and F00703141A mule with micro back plate 905. Both have face plate 332. It appeared as lot 2714 in the 2005 Memphis/Smythe auction. Conclusion Normal mule production in the $5 LT and SC series ended with the proverbial bang. Dwindling use of micro backs coupled with the start up of the Legal Tender FA and Silver Certificate HA blocks caused the creation of the two rarities profiled here. Recent Auction Appearances $5 1934A Silver Certificate HA mule: 2004, eBay, H01357321A, F. 2002, R. M. Smythe, 217:2668, H00678185A, F, $1,650. $5 1928C Legal Tender FA mule: 2006, Currency Auctions of America, 424:13507, F02837816A, F, $431.25. 2005, Currency Auctions of America, 364:15614, F02356095A, F-VF, $862.50. 2004, Lyn Knight, PCDA auction, lot 1466, F02837816A, F, $260. 2004, Currency Auctions of America, 354:15694, F01584870A, F-VF, $719. 2003, Lyn Knight, Baltimore ANA, lot 5007, F01662061A, choice CU, $3800. 2003, eBay, F02073566A, VG-F. Acknowledgment Peter Huntoon provided the plate usage data. Dave Sclalingman and Jim Hodgson both provided serial number data. Hodgson also provided scans of the $5 LT 1928C FA mule. Paper Money of the United States 111.10 AC.. I.1%10,,011 22222 .1 1.1 111../.1P 111111.1.1.011‘0,1 /44.1• Me." “OIA,Cfl141,111. , 10- 41,0t ril,VAL■aaltiV.S • laygt,e0 0tes • lractbnateurre 41 • Nag size eases • IMAM/ postage stamps • Colonial and Continental so/army •Confederate States notes • Arthur L and Ira S. Friedberg The Complete Catalog or UNITED STATES LARGE SIZE STAR NOTES 1910 - 1929*** R., silk. llogd 1111X St 1,Esix sit Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 427 Paper Money Special Book Section rates high praise Dear Fred, Thank you so much for your glowing review of The Coinage of Augustus Saint-Gaudens in the May/June issue of Paper Money. We are thrilled to have received such a favorable critique from someone of your expertise. There's no higher praise than to hear you have a copy on your bookshelf! Fred, we also value our relationship with you, and expect that it will continue for many, many years. Steve Ivy sends his regards, your way. Best regards, --7int Halperin Dear Fred, I often send e-mails, but this "Thank You" is far too important for that. Hence, a regular letter, with copies to certain of the principals at Anderson Press and Whitman. I appreciate more than I can say the wonderful review and coverage you gave of my book Obsolete Paper Money in your May/June issue of Paper Money. I am absolutely delighted and thrilled. Thank you again. The thoughts were wonderful. Wishing you the best of continued suc- cess, I remain sincerely yours, -- Q. David Bowers Two books for every paper money bookshelf Paper Money of the United States Arthur L. and Ira S. Friedberg based on the original work by Robert Friedberg This indispensible resource includes: * Large Size, Small Size & Fractional Currency New: Paper Money Errors Encased Postage Stamps * Uncut Sheets * Colonial and Continental * Confederate * Prices in up to five grades * Price history chart 24 pages of color photos * Nearly 1,000 photos * The universally-used Friedberg Numbering System. 352 information-packed pages * 81/2 x 11 inches, hard cover, sewn binding * List price $42.50 (plus $4.75 per order p&h) www.PaperMoneyoftheUS.com Call toll-free 1-888-471-1441 The Complete Catalog of United States Large Size Star Notes 1910-1929 Douglas D. Murray including prices in five grades by Ray Alfini * 3rd edition * Each of the 6,296 Star Note serial numbers reported is listed: * Legal Tender Notes, Silver Certificates, Federal Reserve Bank Notes, Federal Reserve Notes, and Gold Certificates. * Fully illustrated * With new Murray numbers and Friedberg numbers * Illustrated research on Large Size Mules and face plate number standardization * 160 pages * 57, x 9 inches, * List price $29.50 (plus $4.75 per order p&h) THE COIN & CURRENCY INSTITUTE, INC. P.O. Box 1057, Clifton, NJ 07014 (973) 471-1441 • Fax (973) 471-1062 mail©Coin-Currency.com UNITEDSTATES Statement of Ownership, Management, and Circulation Mit POSTAL SERVICE. (All Periodicals Publications Except Requester Publications) fri"fki lr C f4 rVDAe,,) fr('s PeQ "79. 31M , , TX "7C37`1-7"-rtl SIC of P.4t.le/ COfieCterS Pc 7539Y-I 7X '75379-394] . IrWIL, re e cS, p 6 - i b,-,1(-,-s -7X '1C-379- Fe 0) g64 is-377,35,H 3 , :,Pf? (72—7 7..11:, Fhr.t0,." 30— Ple a. car LC CiLtS C..pkt. va ing P 0 8 '19 M - I b„/(c‘s t TX '7119- T-i`f 9 Ft, To. C, ,re onei Extrat aniNntur -CeP+ 10c+ ,207 Frai NO, Coviel 0314 i44cc Nn. CW68 vf $inglc ts..a F..kno 12 11.catEl PL-e-4149 Nearest tz F Or.4 9(2.s-/o7 ro.:1 r +F.1,17 r.hv (De c 2401 ICCL4- .1,„.../Rb I. E F ;1)i A66071.5■A, al,er,rs rr-FFF,1.5 010 f AtiN6 Orraiz irr,110 T1144:h tu-dcr:JC c4 3r-',Farm 5.,1,13r stet 4iJ Corr, rod rP • •0000 Tat'. :I I F 4,1:10 V+ .7., 3;4. Fvev `4,4, atilt ntrad i 4v.rir:i ixtr• elns 1.100 !Too IFS-c- 1192-0 1605 0 O 0 O L.' R 0 2- 0 / Do 0 o C) fS4 Vv.; SN fhleVA, Ve, h 4, Frr.c nr fS.•..rtm.,1•,•4.41 • 7;41 :no ! ■ Fr-my i-nel /00 /(,, 00 Z.CD oty„-d. s • '10 .:0 YAvw.c.sacca.com * enzil at • I ,,all JS at CC1.% LLC„ P.O. Box 2017, Nederland, Co 80466 CC&AC tirrine Conseil ation Attribution L LC Bertra Wanted information on U.S. Chopped up Money. RARE, FREE riAASCERATED POSTCARD FOR USEFUL INFORMATION Who made the Items, where sold, and anything of Interest. Also I am a buyer of these items. Top Prices paid. M. Cohen, 169 Marlborough St., Boston, MA 02116-1830 E-mail. Marblebert•rPaol.com MACERATED MONEY 428 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money Ever AuctionLot is Now Available for Online Vim lg._ www.EarlyAmerican.com Con our Important Material • ['hone Dana Linet ay! Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 429 Buying & Selling All Choice to Gem CU Fractional Currency Paying Over Bid Please Call: 314-878-3564 ROB'S COINS & CURRENCY P.O. Box 6099, Chesterfield, MO 63006 Special: my Fractional Currency Book FREE (free postage too!) to all new SPMC members who request one while supplies last EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY AUCTIONS Sign Up to Receive Our Fully Illustrated Catalogs Free Onl ne or Only $7? for a Full Year Subscription of Six Bimonthly Printed Catalo AUTOGRAPHS • COINS • CURRENCY • AMERICANA • MAPS EARLY AMERICAN • P.O. Box 3507* RANCHO SANTA FE, CA 92067 (858) 759-3290 OR FAX (858) 759-1439 • Auctions@EarlyAmerican.com — H cry Grt kg Iutsneena 011501E7C BANK NOTES Fi SCI■11 , R SHAWN HEWITT 11m Complete Cotelog ttl UNITED STATES LARGE 517.E STAR NOTES 1 0111- 1929 Dumps. It. Merry [......".oke.........t. .o...., Th.11:11■11un • I UM 111.1.7.1. 430 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money 4th Annual SPMC Author's Forum Brings Writers', Publishers' Views to the Table THE SOCIETY'S 4TH ANNUAL AUTHOR'S FORUMbrought a star-studded panel of numismatic authors and publishers to the Memphis Marriott Heritage Ballroom July 6th during the recent Memphis International Paper Money Show. The event was organized by Paper Money, and emceed by Wendell Wolka. An audience of approximately 50 attendees were welcomed to the event by Society President Benny Bolin (left). "This forum was conceived as a way for authors and prospective authors of paper money books to exchange ideas, `tricks of the trade,' and form mutual support on the long road between conception and publication of a worth- while book," Bolin told the audience. "This Forum, in tandem with our Society's George W. Wait Memorial Prize which supports research of book length paper money projects, is part of SPMC's outreach to hobbyists by supporting numismatic education. "Our Author's Forum is unique in the hobby. We invite all prospective authors and others interested in paper money books to attend and participate in this event. As in the past, this year's presenters' works cover a wide diversity of paper money topics, so you should find something of inter- est to you" Bolin added. As in years past all presenters were experienced and well known in the hobby. Leading off the show was Shawn Hewitt (left), author of the recent work A History and Catalog of Minnesota Obsolete Notes and Scrip (R.M. Smythe, 2006). Shawn started collecting paper money at age ten, and dis- covered a lifelong interest in col- lecting Minnesota money while in college. First, it was National Bank Notes, and then obsolete notes, after being hired as an intern at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Shawn earned a Bachelor's Degree in Economics and Finance from Bethel University, and an MS in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. After building an important collection of Minnesota obsoletes over the years, Shawn and three Minnesota colleagues wrote their acclaimed book. This book features several innovations, not the least of which is including a census of all recorded Minnesota obsolete notes. In his talk, Shawn shared particulars about the technology he devel- oped and census methods. He also offered his census program to other writers interested in doing what he has done. Our second speaker was renowned large size researcher Doug Murray (right), a 30 year researcher and collector of U.S. large size type note varieties from 1862 to 1929. Murray has authored three editions of United States Large Size Star Notes 1910-1929, and a draft of United States Large Size Mules 1921-1926. Recently he has added 13 new catalog numbers to the Friedberg Paper Money of the United States (17b, 30a, 52a, 52b, 93a, 93b, 124a, 126c, 229a, 1169a, 1170a, 1173a, and 1200a). Nearly twice as many other catalog numbers have been given the "none printed" comment after his Washington, DC research revealed that no plates were made, hence no notes. Doug provided an impromptu discussion about his 160-page third edition star book that was released at Memphis. He has developed a new numbering system for large size currency, and discussed what makes a variety signifi- cant enough to assign a new catalog number. Murray's publisher and paper money and world coin author in his own right, Arthur L. Friedberg (right) batted third in the lineup. Art is the co-author with brother Ira of the hobby's authori- tative Paper Money of the United States. Additionally, he provides market analysis and current retail values for some 17,000 federal notes bimonthly in Coin World's Paper Money Values magazine. Friedberg is also coauthor of A You Are Cordially Invited to our 4th Annual SPMC Author's Forum Friday, July 6th 2007, at the Memphis Marriott Heritage Ballrooms 2, 3, &4 Noon-2 p.m. Meet & Greet Door prizes & soft drinks available Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 431 Show Off Your Currency In the Registry, you can track your inventory, build sets, and compete with others who share your love of the hobby. Sets are ranked according to grade and rarity of the items registered. You can begin with one note and watch your sets grow or you can add an entire collection. Your partic- ipation provides you with many benefits which include free submissions, pedigrees for your sets, and interaction with others in the collecting community. ■ Join the community of currency collectors ■ Easily upload images of your notes ■ Compete with others who share your passion ■ Track your entire PCGS Currency-graded inventory ■ Automatically load new inventory into the sets you have started ■ Manage your cost, prices and source ■ Find out how your set rating would change using the "What If?" feature ■ Enjoy the many benefits including free submissions It's free! It's fun! Get started today! Go to www.pcgscurrency.com and click on Set Registry. PCGS CURRENCY SET REGISTRY Patent Pending www.pcgscurrency.com/SetRegistry nr. J EMILWENCY A Division of Collectors Universe Nasclarp CI.CT The Standard for Paper Money Grading Q2007 Collectors Universe. Inc. 713402 Paper Money of the United States FLOM COLONIAI TWILL TO THIS PALSONT TOL LLANO.. SMASH. wom mom MON. A COMPIITE ILLUSTIRATIO GUIDE WITH VALUATIONS • Large size notes • Fractional currency • Small sire notes • Encased postage stamps • Colonial and Continental currency • Confederate States notes Arthur L. and Ira S. Friedberg LI CM TO. 01114W•L Wollg •0•1811 TRITOTWO • Silent Witnesses: Civilian Camp Money of World War II OBSOLETE PAPER MONEY ri BY DANK, in II IL L NI I I. I STsm, /7CS:-7 Q. David Bowers COLLECTING CONFEDERATE PAPER MONEY Pierre Friar November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money432 Guide Book of United States Paper Money: Complete Source for History, Grading, and Prices; Gold Coins of the World: From Ancient Times to the Present: An Illustrated Standard Catalogue With Valuations and the author of Coins of the Bible. Art was the first American president of the International Association of Professional Numismatists (IAPN). He is an ANA LM and a member of PNG. In 1993 he was awarded IAPN's Book Prize for Gold Coins of the World. He also received ANA's Medal of Merit (1992), its 1st place Heath Literary Award (1994) and the Swiss Vrenelli Prize (1999) for "outstanding contributions to numismatics." Friedberg's book imprint is that of The Coin and Currency Institute. From these multiple vistas, Art explored the future of the hobby and the written word. After a brief intermission to enjoy snacks and beverages provided by R.M. Smythe, father-daughter duo Steve & Ray Feller (left) led off the second half of the forum. The Fellers are co- authors of Silent Witnesses: Civil Camp Money of World War II (BNR Press, 2007). Ray Feller is best known for her column "Rachel Notes" that appeared for 15 years in I.B.N.S. journal. She has served on the I.B.N.S. Board of Directors and is also an MPC fester and member of ANA and NLG. While an under- graduate at Lawrence University she wrote an honors thesis, "Subtle Rebellion: Symbols of Resistance on WWII Camp Money," some of which is part of the present work. Ray is beginning her last year of graduate school in clinical psychol- ogy at Antioch University. Steve Feller has been a numis- matic enthusiast for about 50 years. He has written on World War II numismatics, Confederate currency and holography. From 1990 until earlier this year he was Editor of the I.B.N.S. journal. Professor of physics at Coe College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, he is also an MPC fester and member of SPMC, ANA, NLG, AINA, Chicago Coin Club, and the Cedar Rapids Coin Club. The Fellers discussed the dis- covery of historical information published for the first time in their book. Dennis Tucker (left), publish- er, Whitman Publishing, LLC, followed the Fellers. He is an active collector of coins, tokens, and medals, who also enjoys study- ing paper money. His professional background is in corporate and nonprofit communications, market- ing, PR, and publishing. Paper-money books published under his tenure at Whitman include A Guide Book of United States Paper Money (Friedberg & Friedberg), 100 Greatest American Currency Notes (Bowers & Sundman), A Guide Book of Southern States Currency (Shull), and Obsolete Paper Money (Bowers). Dennis discussed "How to Succeed in Numismatic Publishing (By Really Trying)"—offering an insider's tips on how to get published in the paper- money field. He also discussed some of the challenges peculiar to this segment of the hobby, and high- lighted upcoming Whitman projects in the paper money field. The forum concluded with presentations by Pierre Fricke (left) and Wendell Wolka, who separately examined new frontiers in numis- matic "book publishing." Fricke, whose Collecting Confederate Paper Mo n ey was SPMC's "Book of the Year" last year, talked about his new venture Collecting Confederate Paper Money - Type Edition 2007, his new e-Book designed for new collec- tors and type collectors of Confederate paper money. "This e-book arms people with the knowledge to navigate the 21st century bourse floor and community," Fricke said. The "book" is available as a PDF for- mat download. Emcee Wolka (below), whose other hats include author and researcher, and SPMC past President, Paper Money ad manager (and more recently as an elected governor of the ANA) has been collecting something for nearly 50 years. He authored our Society Wismer catalogs on Indiana (1978) and Ohio obsoletes (our SPMC 2005 "Book of the Year"), and hundreds of articles. He also is researcher for Hugh Shull's Southern States and forth- coming CSA currency books for Whitman, and is a columnist for Coin World and Numismatist. His present work is a 30-year update on CD for his Indiana Obsolete notes book (originally co- authored with jack Vorhies and Don Schramm). The new e-book includes color images, and can be explored with Adobe Acrobat® or Adobe Reader.® •The Official RED BOOK' X Gurde Soul ot f Southern Stales Currenty Hussh Shull Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 433 A brief question and answer session and meet-and-greet fol- lowed the formal presentations. SPMC is chartered "to pro- mote, stimulate, and advance the study of paper money and other financial documents in all their branches, along educational, histori- cal and scientific lines." Besides our annual Author's Forum, another of the ways we sup- port research and publication is our George W. Wait Memorial Prize, available annually to assist researchers engaged in important research leading to publication of book length works in the paper money field. The Official Prize Announcement, including rules and deadlines for awarding this prize is published annually in our November/December issue, see page 476. George W. Wait, a founder and former SPMC President, was instrumental in launching the Society's successful publish- ing program. The George W. Wait Memorial Prize is estab- lished to memorialize his achievements/contributions to this field in perpetuity. Up to $500 is awarded annually in unre- stricted research grant(s). (Note: the Awards Committee may decide to award this amount to a single applicant, or lesser amounts totaling 5500 to more than one applicant. If no qual- ifying applicant is found, funds will be held over.) Past recipents include five individuals and one group. Each received the maximum award. 1st annual Wait winner United States Paper Money special selections for discriminating collectors Buying and Selling the finest in U.S. paper money Individual Rarities: Large, Small National Serial Number One Notes Large Size Type Error Notes Small Size Type National Currency Star or Replacement Notes Specimens, Proofs, Experimentals Frederick J. Bart Bart, Inc. website: www.executivecurrency.com (586) 979-3400 PO Box 2 • Roseville, MI 48066 e-mail: Bart@executivecurrency.com was Robert S. Neale for a book on antebellum Bank of Cape Fear, NC. The 2nd prize went to Forrest Daniel for a manu- script on small size War of 1812 Treasury Notes, publication of which is pending. Gene Hessler was honored for his book on international bank note engravers. R. Shawn Hewitt and Charles Parrish received the prize jointly for their splendid book on Minnesota obsolete notes and scrip which Hewitt described in our forum. Last year's winner was Dr. Michael Reynard for Complete Guide to Check Collecting. This year's winner is Matt Janzen for Wisconsin National Bank Note Census. A third way the Society supports research and publication is the our General Research Grant program which awards up to $500 to authors for more limited research, generally leading to worthwhile articles for publication in Paper Money or else- where. Up to six awards are made annually. This program is administered by the Society's Research Committee chaired by past president Ron Horstman. Yet another way SPMC supports such activities is the Society's \Vismer program which assists catalogers of state obsolete bank note and scrip volumes. Thus far 18 state cata- logs have been published. Members have the opportunity to make contributions to our IAIismer fund with due's renewals. And not less important is the Society's free lending library for members, and the insightful columns into informa- tion flow via books and electronic media by our two most recent society librarians Bob Schreiner and Jeff Brueggeman. Periodically book reviews are published too, and Paper Money recently debuted a special book section to acclaim (see p. 427). Next year's forum is only seven months or so away, so pack your bags now so you won't miss out. -- Fred Reed BUYING AND SELLING PAPER MONEY U.S., All types Thousands of Nationals, Large and Small, Silver Certificates, U.S. Notes, Gold Certificates, Treasury Notes, Federal Reserve Notes, Fractional, Continental, Colonial, Obsoletes, Depression Scrip, Checks, Stocks, etc. Foreign Notes from over 250 Countries Paper Money Books and Supplies Send us your Want List . . . or .. . Ship your material for a fair offer LOWELL C. HORWEDEL P.O. BOX 2395 WEST LAFAYETTE, IN 47996 SPMC #2907 (765) 583-2748 ANA LM #1503 Fax: (765) 583-4584 e-mail: lhorwedel@insightbb.com website: horwedelscurrency.com 434 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money T HE KIDDER NATIONAL GOLD BANK OF BOSTON (#1699) was the first national gold bank chartered, and the only one located outside California. Its life was brief, a little over two years. It is apparent from the scanty records available that there was not a sig- nificant need for specie banks in the major port cities along the east coast, even THE PAPER COLUMN II By Peter Huntoon though international trade was conducted on a gold basis, and customs duties on imports were payable to the treasury in gold. The bank was organized August 2, 1870, and chartered August 15, 1870. The principal officers were Henry P. Kidder, president, and Oliver W. Peabody, cashier. Both were principals in the venerable Kidder, Peabody & Company investment banking firm of Boston. Kidder was the senior partner in that firm, Peabody the junior partner. Francis H. Peabody, the third principal in Kidder, Peabody & Company, and Oliver's older brother, also participated. Opening a specie bank in Boston by these men seemed to be a sensible business proposition at the time they organized their bank. It is worth placing the bank, and these gentlemen, in the context of those times. Civil War Money Let's first develop a perspective on the circulation of money during this period. Specie in the form of gold and silver coin did not circulate in all but a few far western states and territories from late 1861 until early 1879; rather, it was hoarded by the public. Specie payments by the banks and U. S. Treasury had been suspended at the end of 1861 in order to conserve what little remained in reserve. Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 435 The circulating U. S. paper money during and after the Civil War con- sisted of Legal Tender Notes, and later National Bank Notes and Fractional Currency which were redeemable in Legal Tender Notes. Legal Tender Notes were simply circulating federal debt, carrying a promise by the federal govern- ment to pay at an unspecified date. The value of Legal Tender Notes varied in relation to the confidence the public had in the ability of the U. S. Treasury to ultimately redeem the notes for gold. Thus, the Legal Tender Notes, and National Bank Notes and Fractional Currency which were convertible into legal Lender Tender Notes, circulated at discount relative to gold coin. At the lowest ebb, near the end of 1864, when the treasury's stock of gold was all but depleted, one could buy Legal Tender Notes for 38.7 cents in gold, if one wanted them. Specie payments by the treasury were resumed by law on January 1, 1879. The value of Legal Tender Notes and gold converged at that time, and both circulated at par thereafter. Prior to 1879, local economies in the east were largely on a legal tender basis, whereas some in the west, particularly in California, were conducted on a specie basis. Specie convertible National Gold Bank Notes made sense in the west where they were readily exchangeable, because they were more easily handled and transported than gold coin. Kidder, Peabody & Company It is important to fit a gold bank in Boston into this two-tiered web of currency. The following account of Kidder, Peabody & Company is distilled from Carosso (1971), and will set the stage. The firm opened April 1, 1865, in the Union Bank Building at 40 State Street in the heart of Boston's financial district. The business was a reorganized spin off of Thayer and Brother, with roots tracing back to 1824, a firm in which Kidder and the two Peabodys served as clerks. The Thayers carried investment accounts, conducted a brokerage business, dealt in state and federal bonds, invested and traded in Massachusetts real estate and western lands, and dealt in securities of banks, insurance companies and railroads. In addition, the firm operated the leading currency exchange in Boston, a business concerned with discounting bank notes issued by various entities presented at its counter, and Above left: Henry P. Kidder was the president of The Kidder National Gold Bank of Boston. (From Carosso, 1979). Above: Oliver W. Peabody was the cashier of The Kidder National Gold Bank of Boston. (From Carosso, 1979). 436 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money either selling them elsewhere or arranging for the redemption of them by their issuers. Apparently, the firm also dealt in foreign exchange as well. The importance of the business and its location is reflected by the com- pany they were keeping. At the time the Thayers occupied the State Street address, the three story building also hosted five banks, four insurance compa- nies, nine loan and fund associations, several private banking and brokerage houses, and the Boston Stock and Exchange Board. Kidder, Peabody & Company remained in the former Thayer office at 40 State Street, and retained the exchange accounts of the Thayers. They advertised themselves as offering banking, brokerage and exchange services, with brokerage activity in stocks, bonds and gold in New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore. A distinguishing characteristic of the firm as it grew was its ability to recruit capital needed to launch increasingly large and complex business ven- tures through the issue of bonds and later stock. Thus the firm grew to be one of the most influential investment banking firms in the country. Early on, it was heavily involved in financing and/or financially reorga- nizing railroads during the heyday of the railroad building boom of the late 1800s. The firm was involved in financing more than 60 railroad lines including transcontinental systems, major eastern lines, and the Mexican Central Railroad. One major client was the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, for whom they not only provided financing, but also served as the transfer agent, bank of deposit, and financial consultant. Kidder, Peabody grew to the challenge of financing the huge and increasingly complex corporate structures that emerged during the onset of the industrial era. Clients firms that they launched at the turn of the 20th century included American Telephone and Telegraph and U. S. Steel, the latter to become the first billion dollar corporation. At this time, they also became heav- ily involved in the sale of foreign government loans in the United States, and even served as the bank of deposit for the Italian government. Of course, such activities could not be undertaken single handedly, so Kidder, Peabody formed or joined syndicates of investment bankers to finance these enterprises. One of its early and strongest partnerships was Baring Brothers & Co. of London. A considerable part of Kidder, Peabody business in the early years was dealing in gold and specie, buying and selling foreign exchange, and issuing commercial and travelers letters of credit. Thus Kidder, Peabody had a major presence in the domestic and foreign currency and gold markets, all of which were carried out on a commission basis. Much of its overseas foreign exchange activity was conducted in partnership with Baring Brothers of London. Species Banks on the Eastern Seaboard With this background, it is possible to deduce the appeal of operating a National Gold Bank in the eastern financial hub of Boston in 1870. Boston commerce did not operate on a specie basis, so there was little need for specie notes there. Greenbacks - federal promissory notes - circulated freely on the east coast, albeit at a discount relative to gold. Rather, Boston, a major port city with extensive foreign trade, served as an international financial center in which foreign exchange in the form of specie played a significant role. Thus such a bank would be engaged primarily in the international currency exchange business, and underwriting of commercial and travelers letters of credit backed by gold for international trade. Comptroller of the Currency Hiland Hulburd contemplated the estab- lishment of such banks in the principle eastern port cities in his 1870 annual report to Congress as follows (Hulburd, 1870, p. vii-viii): Under the provisions of sections 3, 4, and 5 of the act approved July 12, 1870, authorizing the establishment of national banks for the issue of circulating notes redeemable in specie, but one bank has yet been established, the Kidder National Gold Bank, of 4A-C.11 ' ti#114 6W-1106— Ti re pupoigto t.T:S•71704041111405W41001416 . • h /1, ///.. fri,41106951r4TO f// 6;//,//;Z' nellgatiVii '4?Piped men 4440.4.1r,usar..r. tweet:wen 0 1111-11 Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 437 Boston, Massachusetts, with a capital of $300,000. Information has been received that several other institutions of this character are in the process of organization, or in contemplation, two or three of which are in California. Is was not anticipated that specie-paying banks would he established to any considerable extent, at present, in those sections of the country where a paper currency, based upon the legal tender issues of the Government, already prevails; although it was, and is still, supposed that one or more gold banks might be established and successfully conducted in each of those cities on the Atlantic seaboard where a considerable foreign trade is carried on, and in which a certain amount of business is necessarily transacted upon a specie basis. If all the business of this kind that is carried on in the cities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore could be concentrated in one or two banking institutions in each of those cities, its extent would undoubtedly warrant the employment of a very respectable amount for its exclusive accommodation. This model appears to be exactly the type of operation contemplated by Kidder and the Peabodys when they organized their National Gold Bank. However, once it was established, it is clear that their existing investment bank- ing company could handle the same business more cost effectively, and with less regulation, because they dissolved the National Gold Bank within two years. Kidder National Gold Bank There appears to be very little in the way of records pertaining to the Kidder National Gold Bank enterprise outside of reports of condition published in the 1871 and 1872 annual reports of the Comptroller of the Currency, and in various bank directories of the period. The address of the bank was 40 State Street, the same as the parent Kidder, Peabody & Company. Its directors in 1872 were Henry P. Kidder, Francis H. Peabody, Oliver W. Peabody, F. G. Webster and H. C. Sibley. The resources of the bank approached $400,000. Deposits were a bit in excess of $70,000 in 1871, and loans almost reached $180,000 in 1872. The bankers reported profits of $20,984.45 and $17,841.19, respectively in the years ending October 1871 and 1872. Despite having National Gold Bank Notes on hand in the bank, none were placed in circulation. The notes were not used to supply the needs of bor- rowers, so by not pressing them into circulation, the bankers were able to avoid paying the tax on circulation. Rather the loans were financed with specie, or at least covered by specie subject to check. Kidder National Gold Bank Notes The history of Gold Bank Notes printed, and sent to the bank, are available from the currency and bond ledgers housed in the National Archives. Specimen of the $50 Kidder National Gold Bank face complete with over- printed gold tint. There is legitimate question as to whether the extant $50 and $100 specimens were from the plates used to print the notes that were sent to the bank owing to differ- ences between these and the issued California National Gold Bank Notes. (Photo courtesy of Gene Hessler) ilittWaa =WM= WOW j2444Laap'14X itladitgr INEWITHOSItahleiallinaNWAMENgaingri, hpeci tilt 71 i. • /4 //, /////i ;# 'X /) /7't 4, PI! .44144,11 1. Smabisowrow eiawitri/e// f)/ i/4/ „ s„,„1.,., „ .Yfrt Ulf a 438 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money Specimen of the $100 Kidder National Gold Bank face complete with over- printed gold tint. (Photo courtesy of Gene Hessler) Gold bonds in the amount of $50,000 were deposited with the U. S. Treasurer to secure the circulation for the bank on August 15, 1870. This was followed on November 5, 1870, by an additional $100,000 bond deposit. The first printing of notes for the bank consisted of 50 sheets of Original Series 50-100s. These were received by the Comptroller's office on March 9, 1871, and sent to the bank on March 11th. They carried bank sheet serials 1-50, and treasury serials 273699-273748. Seventy-five sheets of Original Series 500-1000s were received by the Comptroller on April 5, 1871, and sent to the bank three days later. They bore bank sheet serials 1-75, and treasury serials K2343-K2417. The $1000s where the only National Gold Bank Notes of this denomination ever ordered and printed. This fact elevates the Kidder story to mythical dimensions among numismatists. The high denomination shipment boosted the potential Kidder circu- lation to a total of $120,000, the 80 percent legal limit for the $150,000 in bonds that the bankers deposited as security. These two shipments accounted for all the notes ever printed for the bank. The notes bore Allison-Spinner treasury signatures, and August 15, 1870, plate dates. All of the Kidder notes were returned to, and redeemed by, the Comptroller on December 4, 1871. The bonds for the bank were sold December 9th and 19th in $140,000 and $10,000 installments, and the bank was liquidated November 8, 1872. Proofs survive of the Kidder $50 and $100 denominations (See Hessler, 1979), but none have been reported from the $500 and $1000 denomi- nations. However, there is ambiguity that the extant $50 and $100 specimens are from the plates used to print the actual notes. The specimens exhibit two differences from the notes that were issued by the California banks. (1) The banner across the top is "National Gold Note" instead of "Redeemable in Gold Coin." (2) The Kidder specimens are overprinted with a beautiful gold tint bearing the word "GOLD" which underlies the treasury signatures, and is missing from the issued California notes. It is entirely possible that the specimens were proposed designs that were later modified, so that nothing remains in private hands to represent the notes that arrived at the bank. This also may explain the survival of these spec- imens. They were passed out as models for comment, and not returned. The Fate of National Gold Banking The fact remains that no other National Gold Banks were chartered along the eastern seaboard. The Kidder, Peabody experience demonstrated that there was no economic incentive to operate special gold banks there. Only nine other National Gold Banks were organized, all in the hard money west, all in California, and all between 1870 and 1875. They operated at a competitive disadvantage because their reserve 111151111: /114 WILLA Ilitko • F 0461 95944 I'. Buying Carl Bombara United States Currency P.O. Box 524 •-• New York, N.Y. 10116- 05241+,\ Phone 212 989-9108 Always Wanted Monmouth County, New Jersey Obsoletes - Nationals - Scrip Histories and Memorabilia Allenhurst - Allentown - Asbury Park - Atlantic Highlands - Belmar - Bradley Beach - Eatontown - Englishtown - Freehold - Howell - Keansburg - Keyport - Long Branch - Manasquan - Matawan - Middletown - Ocean Grove - Red Bank - Sea Bright - Spring Lake N.B. Buckman P.O. Box 608, Ocean Grove, NJ 07756 800-533-6163 Fax: 732-282-2525 I Collect FLORIDA Obsolete Currency National Currency State & Territorial Issues Scrip Bonds Ron Benice 4452 Deer Trail Blvd. Sarasota, FL 34238 941 927 8765 Benice@Prodigy.net Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 439 "The Art & Science of Numismatics" 31 N. Clark Street Chicago, IL 60602 312/609-0016 • Fax 312/609-1305 www.harlanjberk cot e-mail: info@harlanjberk.com A Full-Service Numismatic Firm Your Headquarters for All Your Collecting Needs PNG • IAPN • ANA • ANS • NLG • SPMC • PCDA MYLAR Dm CURRENCY HOLDERS PRICED AS FOLLOWS BANK NOTE AND CHECK HOLDERS SIZE INCHES 50 100 500 1000 Fractional 4-3/4" x 2-1/4" $22.50 $40.50 $180.00 $320.00 Colonial 5-1/2" x 3-1/16" $23.00 $42.00 $195.00 $350.00 Small Currency 6-5/8" x 2-7/8" $23.50 $45.00 $200.00 $375.00 Large Currency 7-7/8" x 3-112" $26.50 $49.50 $220.00 $410.00 Auction 9 5 3-3/4" $29.00 $53.00 $250.00 $450.00 Foreign Currency 8 x 5 $33.00 $60.00 $275.00 $485.00 Checks 9-518 x 4-114" $33.00 $60.00 $275.00 $485.00 SHEET HOLDERS SIZE INCHES 10 50 100 250 Obsolete Sheet End Open 8-3/4" x 14-1/2" $20.00 $88.00 $154.00 $358.00 National Sheet Side Open 8-1/2" x 17-1/2" $21.00 $93.00 $165.00 $380.00 Stock Certificate End Open 9-1/2" x 12-1/2" $19.00 $83.00 $150.00 $345.00 Map & Bond Size End Open 18" 524" $77.00 $345.00 $625.00 $1425.00 You may assort note holders for best price (min. 50 pcs. one size). You may assort sheet holders for best price (min. 10 pcs. one size). SHIPPING IN THE U.S. (PARCEL POST) FREE OF CHARGE Mylar D® is a Registered Trademark of the Dupont Corporation. This also applies to uncoated archival quality Mylar ® Type D by the Dupont Corp. or the equivalent material by ICI Industries Corp. Melinex Type 516. DENLY'S OF BOSTON P.O. Box 51010, Boston, MA 02205 • 617-482-8477 ORDERS ONLY: 800-HI-DENLY • FAX 617-357-8163 See Paper Money for Collectors www.denlys.com AZ3f,:irr, 471104(‹CrACZTjt3 r MONA I , G(111.1) MOE K2343) Da I / 4.-”X iftef.t, • r , 11 C -410)1311t3 ,z144a—a.LIti oir/stos7,0„17 tr " Fiteltundred1onars (;01.1> / CT.1.113 0=-4a:CICIM(..)filaillWiAIZIU'grarnmmamizatarana...1 '' A:39N N: tirr, G4 .14.1 Tk419r 1 i.f.:() :> 6 C') rl AYWASIIING'IrON. _ il , i• -717,i41-071. likidd(i'l A 77/3, ,12Enial=0 'Riff r.4 , /,„;, m 131-m Cotat I 44, ORES-g--1U-S33C1C-Mat7S2.• i 00 440 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money The Kidder National Gold Bank was the only gold bank for which $1000 National Gold Bank Notes were made. This $500-$1000 Original Series sheet was created from the title blocks made for the $500 and $1000 notes. requirements were more stringent than non-specie National Banks, and the amount of circulation they could issue was limited to 80 percent of the value of the bonds on deposit with the treasurer rather than 90 percent. They remained viable only so long as legal tender currencies were shunned by the public. Congress passed an act that was signed into law on January 14, 1875, requiring the resumption of specie payments by the treasury on January 1, 1879. Consequently the incentives for circulating National Gold Bank Notes vanished as the value of federal promissory notes approached specie at the onset of 1879. Provisions were made to allow the existing National Gold Banks to convert into regular National Banks through another act passed February 14, 1880, and those in California did so or liquidated. The First National Gold Bank of Petaluma was the last of the California gold banks to convert, an action that was taken in 1884 (Huntoon and Raymond, 1995). References Cited and Sources of Data Carosso, Vincent P. More Than a Century of Investment Banking, the Kidder, Peabody Co. Story. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1979, 212 pp. Comptroller of the Currency, 1863-1934, Certificates of Organization for National Banks. Record Group 101, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD. Comptroller of the Currency, 1863 - 1935, Charters for National Banks. Record Group 101, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD. Comptroller of the Currency, 1863-1935, National Currency and Bond Ledgers. Record Group 101, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD. Comptroller of the Currency, 1863 - 1912, Receipts of National Currency from the Engravers. Record Group 101, U. S. National Archives, College Park, MD. Hulburd, Hiland R., 1870, Report of the Comptroller of the Currency to the Third Session of the Forty-First Congress of the United States. U. S. Government Printing Office, 597 pp. Huntoon, Peter., and Raymond, William K. "National Gold Banks and National Gold Bank Notes," (Chapter 11) in Peter Huntoon. United States Large Size National Bank Notes. Society of Paper Money Collectors, 1995, 283 pp. Deal with the Leading Auction Company in United States Currency Fr. 379a $1,000 1890 T.N. Grand Watermelon Sold for $1,092,500 Fr. 183c $500 1863 L.T. Sold for $621,000 Fr. 328 $50 1880 S.C. Sold for $287,500 0 Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 441 Currency Auctions If you are buying notes... You'll find a spectacular selection of rare and unusual currency offered for sale in each and every auction presented by Lyn Knight Currency Auctions. Our auctions are conducted throughout the year on a quarterly basis and each auction is supported by a beautiful "grand format" catalog, featuring lavish descriptions and high quality photography of the lots. Annual Catalog Subscription (4 catalogs) $50 Call today to order your subscription! 800-243-5211 If you are selling notes... Lyn Knight Currency Auctions has handled virtually every great United States currency rarity. We can sell all of your notes! Colonial Currency... Obsolete Currency... Fractional Currency... Encased Postage... Confederate Currency... United Stares Large and Small Size Currency... National Bank Notes... Error Notes... Military Payment Certificates (MPC)... as well as Canadian Bank Notes and scarce Foreign Bank Notes. We offer: • Great Commission Rates • Cash Advances • Expert Cataloging • Beautiful Catalogs Call or send your notes today! If your collection warrants, we will be happy to travel to your location and review your notes. 800-243-5211 Mail notes to: Lyn Knight Currency Auctions P.O. Box 7364, Overland Park, KS 66207-0364 We strongly recommend that you send your material via USPS Registered Mail insured for its full value. Prior to mailing material, please make a complete listing, including photocopies of the note(s), for your records. We will acknowledge receipt of your material upon its arrival. If you have a question about currency, call Lyn Knight. He looks forward to assisting you. CXnlyht Currency Auctions 800-243-5211 - 913-338-3779 - Fax 913-338-4754 Email: lyn@lynknight.corn - stipport@lynknight.corn Whether you're buying or selling, visit our website: www.lynknight.com 442 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money Labor Exchange Scrip by Steve Whitfield S CHINGOETHE SALE, #9, DEC., 2006 BROUGHT TO LIGHT many Labor Exchange notes that were simply not generally seen over the last 30 years. Many of these notes never saw the light of day as dealers set them aside for the couple, who always bought a note if they didn't have it, and stuck it in the vault. Although that kept many of the notes from being reported in numismatic circles, it served the purpose of gathering up most of the Labor Exchange notes that had surfaced; thereby making it easier to record them at a single sitting. I did a piece on these notes several years ago (see Paper Money, Whole #197, page 147 ) after some research into the Labor Exchange organization, and offered to collectors a list of branches that I had been able to record from their state or states of interest. That research identified around 150 previously unreported branches of the 300 plus that were suspected from 34 states and Canada. (Arizona was listed in error.) Several collectors took advantage of the offer and requested reports on their states. Since then, quite a few notes have surfaced in auctions or dealer listings that verified many branch names and numbers. This most recent Schingoethe release is a bonanza of newly confirmed notes. It also included many previously unreported branch notes and corrected a couple of errors. And since it is unlikely that such a grouping will ever be assembled again, it seems like a good time to publish what is known and make it a reference for collectors, past and present; and future auction catalogers. When I first got interested in these notes there was little known about them. Occasionally, one would appear at auction or on a dealer's list. The 207 ;s t *Olt: "897 420IIMMIC PETAL 17E1 '[0144.7 IDE I. 4111011, B.RER ,“•TRooucl- it„,, 1 designs, although varying slightly, are all of a similar theme proclaiming the superiority of labor over capital. (A unique set of notes, so far, also surfaced in this sale; of blue and red notes with entirely different designs from the "Self Reliance" branch in Cincinnati, Ohio.) The notes are denominated as fractions of a day's labor, from 1/100th to twenty units. (5/100ths are represented on some notes as 1/20th but for uniformities sake I have listed all reported notes of this denomination as 5/100ths.) The notes are not especially attractive but they have one great quality that has increased their popularity, which is the wide variation of localities and branch names that appear on the notes. While it would be relatively easy to put together a denomination type set from 1/100th to 5 units, the 10 and the recently surfaced 20 may be unique. Another possibility would be to try to collect the different design variations. A real challenge would be to attempt to collect a note from each of the 34 known issuing states (plus Canada). This may well be impossible as 14 of those have not surfaced a single note to date. Undoubtedly some of these will turn up as more and more information is widely disseminated about the hobby and collectors seek them out. I believe the main attraction of these Labor Exchange notes will always be the great "Americana" locations, and names of the branch locations; such as: Dixie, TN; Red Bluff, CA; Malta Bend, MO; Gray Cloud Island, MN; Science Hill, KY; Vineyard Haven, Martha's Vineyard, MA; Freedom, KS and many others. The greatest notes, to my way of thinking would be #157, Toronto, Canada; (SENC) #103, Bernardi, OK; (SENC) #1, Kansas City, MO; #318, Nashville, IL (currently the highest branch number), and that "20" from Stevensville, Montana. It should also be noted that there are other collectibles related to DeBernardi's Labor Exchange besides the notes, such as receipts, checks and other related paper. A few stats for those interested: The high branch number is now #318 from Nashville IL. About 185 branches have been identified so there may be another 130 branches or so remaining to be identified. It is also possible that most of those 130 never organized or issued notes. A unique 75/100th denom- ination was listed in the auction catalog for branch #219, Toledo, OR, but I believe this was a typo for 25/100ths. Only 14 of the former 48 continental United States do not have a known branch listed. The earliest date seen on a note is 1895 and the latest is 1898. Of the 34 states that have notes reported, 22 of them have 1 to 5 reported branches, 7 have 5 to 10 branches and 5 states (CA, CO, OH, OR and PA) have from 11 to 31 branches listed. CA is the champ for number of branches started. If you want a place to start, pick one of these five. About 125 of the known branches remain unconfirmed by reported notes and there are still a lot of missing branches and numbers of the 318 sus- pected total, so there is a lot of work remaining for dealers and collectors to root these out. I have recorded about 150 of these notes. I am sure there are more that I missed or logged incorrectly so if you can add to the list or correct errors, please do. My e-mail is stedia@earthlink.net . Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 443 444 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money Following is my listing of branch names with numbers, dates and "denomi- nations" of notes reported, or seen. State Name Date Reported Denominations AL 43 Branchville 298 Thomasville AR 82 Maple 280 Hot Springs 293 Fayetteville 1898 5/100, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 5 CA 26 San Francisco 1898 1, 2, 5 28 San Diego 29 Pleasant Valley (El Dorado) 32 Red Bluff 34 Farmington 39 Los Angeles 41 Arroyo Grande 1896 1/10 46 Stockton 1896 1/10 51 Fresno 64 Bakersfield 74 San Jose 1895 5/100 77 Elsinore 88 Santa Paula 92 Venture 97 Tulare 106 Santa Cruz 1896 5/100 127 Visalia 132 Williams 133 Eureka 135 Dos Palos 136 Portersville 2 138 Carpenteria 144 Santa Barbara 167 San Francisco 177 Santa Maria 1897 5/100 208 Elgin 241 Tulare 257 San Francisco 1897 2 267 Reedley 1897 1 Hanford 25 CANADA 157 Toronto CO 11? Forsythe? (11 is Pfafftown, NC) 66 Trinidad 81 Boulder ? 102 Monta Vista (possibly 202) 104 Fruita 1896 1/4 151 Mosca 153 Hooper 1896 5/100 (Garrison?) 156 Hotchkiss 1896 1/10, 1/2 158 Denver 1897 5/100, 1/10, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 5 (1896) 162 Aspen 1896 5/100, 1/4, 5 165 Del Norte 242 Denver 1897 1 FL 308 Bunnell Daytona Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 445 State Name Date Reported Denominations GA 16 Atlanta 189 Fitzgerald 1897 1/4 ID 42 Idaho Falls 1895 5/100, 1 IL 179 Chicago 1897 1/100, 1/10, 1, 5 269 Englewood 1897 5/100 318 Nashville 1899 1/4, 1/2, 1 IN 154 Elkhart (20th Century Branch) 240 Kingstown (Knightstown?) IA 19 Center Point 288 High Creek 186 Mapleton Avery KS 6 Olathe (shirts) 38 Olathe (Press & Mill) 54 Pittsburg 131 Salina 140 Harding 197 Edwardsville 199 Freedom 1898 1/10, 1/4, 1/2, 1 223 Osage City 1898 5/100 (coal mining) Beloit Ft Scott Peterton Turner KY 134 Science Hill LA 170 Nugent 271 Lake Charles MA 150 Haverhill 1897 1/10, 1/4, 1, 2 291 Easthampton 299 Vineyard Haven 1898 5/100, 1/10, 1 (fish) 303 Weymouth MI 35 E. Lansing 67 Saginaw 233 Manistee 246 Bay City 249 Grand Rapids 252 Detroit MN 25 Minneapolis 98 St Paul 1896 1/100 225 New Ulm 260 Duluth 277 Gray Cloud Island 1.9 receipt 309 Garfield Lamberton MS 260 Biloxi MO 1 Kansas City 1898 5/100 (#216 E. 15th ST Tin cans & tailors) 2 Marshall 1/2 36 St. Louis 40 Kansas City 78 Brookfield 183 Marshall 1897 1/2, 1 268 Malta Bend ? Sedalia (large fruit farm) MT 69 Hamilton Ts- GERTIrla THAT THERE IS SELF RELIANCE BRANCH No220. OF 71-1C. #1"tabor Exchange gLIN CI N INA - 1 - 1. Ct. 11,./.I.11.:1. 10 1,, AMOUNT 4 I IE---- S 9P0,LNyndredths Unit tr, /0101-1 ta 1•,0,111.10' 4 coo...5 _ ./c5:91._.;15 (5.°.t iS4,9 n_4C O FIND ‘d?ZOPPORTUNITY :or EMPLOYMENT ;;FOR LABOR AND TO EXCHANGE; - zr-1 -MARKET VALUES COMMODITIES / ,5- tO //de WOO ORE Oi O 17 °DU CE 9,111P1 RP-.114#11; / S* MA6' 11 pay on demand to the order or IS. NOTE IS SECURED BY GASH DEPOSIT,AND IS EXCHANGEABLE AT ITS FACE VALUE FOR ''MERCHANDISE, RENT, LABOR OR WHATEVER MARKET VALUES MAY BE AT THE DISPOSAL OF THE EXCHANGE, AND WILL BE CASHED WHEN PRESENTED AT ANY REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES (TELEPHONE 1535) IN SUMS OF, EN DOLLARS OR OVER,FIVE PER CENT. BEING DEDUCTED AS COMMISSION, WHEN CASHED, TO PAY EXPENSES OF THE EXCHANGE AND TO FORM A RESERVE FUND TO AID IT IN ITS BENEVOLENT PURPOSES. Secretor), be.sideet Treasurer '41016tfe,iirk vo' 49f, For Value receiVed the 446 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money Name Lewiston Grantsdale Stevensville Great Falls Belt ? Guide Rock Phillipsburg Patterson Orange Trenton Jamestown Jamestown New York City Pfafftown Taylorsville Ashtabula Columbus Cleveland New Philadelphia Mu-on Youngstown Powell Date 1897 1898 1897 1897 1898 1897 1896 1897 1897 Reported Denominations 20 1 1 1/10, 1 1/100, 5/100, 1/10, 1/4 1/100, 1/4, 1 5/100, 1/4 1/100, 5/100 (1896?), 1/10 5/100 1/100, 5/100, 1/4, 1 1/100, 5/100, 1 State # MT 93 192 207 266 289 NE .70 286 NJ 195 121 125 159 NY 193 201 295 NC 11 33 OH 84 107 1 09 163 191 210 213 220 Cincinnati 1897 5/100 (man/globe), 1/4, 1/10, 1/2, 1 (Self Reliance Branch) (Unique Designs) 1898 5/100, 10/100, 25/100, 50/100, 1 224 Alliance 1897 1/100, 5/100,1/10, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 5 245 Columbiana 262 Salem OK 3 Mine ? (nut butter) Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 447 On This Date in Paper Money History -- Nov. 2007 By Fred Reed Nov. 1 1709, New York paper money expressed in denominations of Dutch lion dollars; 1856, American Bank, Dover Hill, IN issues $2 note with depiction of child Jesus; Nov. 2 1887, Swedish coloratura soprano Jenny Lind, who appears on U.S. obsolete notes, dies; 1963, Federal Reserve Notes with no promise to pay in "lawtul money" released; Nov. 3 1778, Office of Comptroller of the Treasury created; 1930, Bank of Italy becomes Bank of America; Nov. 4 1823, Eagle Bank of New Haven, CT, issues demand notes with engraved payee L. Dwight or R. Sherman; 1870, colonial paper money enthusiast Joshua I. Cohen dies; Nov. 5 1814, Maus van Vranken issues 6 1/4-cent anti-slavery scrip with motto "May Freemen be Men and All Men be Free"; 1935, Parker Brothers first markets Monopoly widely; Nov. 6 1863, CSA Treasury agent Clarence T. Thayer arrives at Matamoros, Mexico with $16 million in treasury notes to pay General Kirby Smith's troops; 1963, production of Series 1963 $1 FRNs with motto "In God We Trust" begins; Nov. 7 1780, General Francis Marion confronts Colonel Banastre Tarleton at Richbourg's Mill, SC as depicted on Confederate $100 note; 1912, Paper Money of the United States author Robert L. Friedberg born; 1950, first delivery of Series 1934D $5 FRNs; Nov. 8 1823, Banknote engraver Charles Burt born; 1872, Kidder National Gold Bank liqui- dates; 1955, Abe Kosoff sale of T. James Clarke paper money collection begins; Nov. 9 1871, Charles J. Whiting, 34 John Street, NYC passes circulars to supply "perfectly executed counterfeit notes of the Bank of England at low rates"; 1886, dealer and United States Notes author Wayte Raymond born; Nov. 10 1796, Jacksonian economist William M. Gouge, author of A Short History of Paper Money and Banking in the United States, born; 1914, National City Bank of New York opens first foreign branch of any NB in Buenos Aires; Nov. 11 1868, Mrs. Catherine Engles arrested in Brooklyn with upwards of $2,000 in counter- feit money on her person hidden under her skirts; 1988, "Old Money: American Trompe l'oeil Images of Currency" debuts at Berry-Hill Galleries; Nov. 12 1881, Lincoln National Bank of the City of New York organized; 1895, encased stamp issuer Chicago hotel proprietor John B. Drake dies; 1949, dealer Steve Ivy born; Nov. 13 1850, Scots novelist Robert Louis Stevenson, honored on Royal Bank of Scotland one- pound note, born; 1864, Stephen Girard's Banking House converts to National Bank; Nov. 14 1861, Arkansas authorizes issue of Treasury Warrants; 1864, experimental printing of Liberty 50-cent red back Colby-Spinner fractional currency; Nov. 15 1777, Articles of Confederation confers rights to Congress to borrow money and emit bills on credit of the United States; 1867, first stock tickers between NYSE and mem- ber brokers; 1883, Charles F. Libbie & Co. sells Fergusson Haines CSA notes; Nov. 16 1864, John Wilkes Booth opens account at Jay Cooke & Co. Bank with $1,500 deposit; 1914, Federal Reserve Banks open for business; Nov. 17 1867, Spencer M. Clark resigns as Superintendent of National Currency Bureau; 1999, Dallas Morning News calls attention to new larger currency portraits on S5 and 510 FRNs with catchy headline "Big Wigs Getting Even Bigger"; Nov. 18 1858, Thompson's Bank Note Register and Counterfeit Detector published; 1981, author Ayn Rand, the mother of Objectivism, speaks at National Committee for Monetary Reform New Orleans '81 convention; Nov. 19 1862, NY stationer Leeds & Franklin self card for mounting monetized postage stamps; 1862, New Yorker Ferri. Mayer advertises to print small change bills for merchants; Nov. 20 1806, earliest dated New Jersey bank note, a post note from the Trenton Banking Co.; 1815, NYC Common Council appoints Daniel E. Tylee to sign municipal change bills; Nov. 21 1912, end of Napier-McClung combined tenure as Register and Treasurer; 1996, Ralph Marlin & Co. copyright "U.S. Money New $100 Bill" necktie; Nov. 22 1864, CSA Senate confirms nomination of George A. Trenholm as Secretary of the Treasury; 1963, Col. Grover Criswell announces opening of his Criswell's Money Museum, St. Petersburg Beach, FL; Nov. 23 1828, Florida Territorial Legislative Council charters first bank, Bank of Florida, Tallahassee over governor's veto; 1956, auctioneer Abe Kosoff sells William P. Donlon paper money collection; Nov. 24 1868, George W. Casilear patents printing numbers against fine line guilloche to toil tampering; 1955, Stack's sells Frank A. Limpert Collection; 1986, paper money dealer and author John Muscalus dies; Nov. 25 1974, Greenback Party organized, advocating paying national debt in greenbacks and suppression of NBNs; 1953, Matt Rothert writes Treasury Secretary G.W. Humphrey to consider placing IGWT on our paper money; 1955, Kagin's holds 200th auction; Nov. 26 1963, Treasury Department says $1 FRNs to replace $1 Silver Certificates; 1997, Western Publishing Co. renews copyright of Toni & Jerry's comic book "Money"; Nov. 27 1806, encased stamp issuer Detroit merchant Fred Buhl born; 1932, SPMC member and dealer Lowell C. Horwedel born; Nov. 28 1863, First National Bank chartered in Rhode Island (FNB of Providence #1341; 1950, British East Caribbean Territories introduce dollar-denominated currency; Nov. 29 1872, Horace Greeley, who said "an iniquitous money system is not less cruel than the old system of chattel slavery," dies; 2006, Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe issues new $100,000 note; Nov. 30 1656, Stockholms Banco established; first European bank to issue banknotes in 1661; 1840, Baptism of Pocahontas by John G. Chapman, depicted on back of First Charter $20 NBNs, purchased by Congress. November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money Reported DenominationsState Name Date OK 103 Bernardi 160 Okarche ? (possibly "Forest") 311 Bellmont OR 14 Dilley 27 Pittsburg 85 Ukiah 89 McMinnville ? 10 (possibly "Amity") 108 Salem 1896 5/100, 1/10, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2 118 Detroit 122 LaGrande 1896 1/10, 1 123 Salem (Lakeview) 147 Coquille 185 Oregon City 200 Corvallis 1897 1/10, 1/2, 1 203 Falls City 218 Empire City 219 Toledo 1897 5/100, 1/10, 1/4, 1/2, 75/100, (note 75/100!) 1 244 Harrisburg 253 Marshfield 1897 1/4 ? The Dalles PA 12 Lititz 1897 5/100, 1/10, 1 31 Monroeville 86 Erie 1897 (deposit certificate) 119 Reading 1896 5/100, 1/10 171 Leechburg 216 Johnstown 1897 1/2, 1, 2 217 Beaver Falls 1897 1 230 Brunswick Valley 1897 1/100, 5/100, 1/4, 1 (Kepner) Colony of Eastern PA 231 Sturgeon 255 Williamsport 1897 1 264 Salem 265 Bellaire 274 Corry ? Philadelphia SD 44 Aberdeen TN 10 ? 175 Dixie TX 47 Caddo 239 Gainesville 256 Galveston 1897 5/100, 1/10, 1/4, 1/2, 1 261 ElDorado 287 Houston 300 Cliffton UT 307 Salt Lake City 1898 5/100 VA 188 Danville WA 18 Port Angeles 61 Buckley 1895 5/100 62 Marysville 1 68 ? 180 Vancouver 250 LaCenter 1897 5/100, 1/4, 1, 2, 10 WI 187 Milwaukee 222 Stetsonville 1897 10 448 Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 449 On This Date in Paper Money History -- Dec, 2007 By Fred Reed © Dec. 1 1801, Thomas T. Tucker takes office as U.S. Treasurer; 1862, City of New Brunswick, NI issues municipal scrip for 5-, 10-, 25-, and 50-cents; Dec. 2 1816, first savings bank in U.S. to actually accept deposits opens as Philadelphia Savings Fund Society; 1963, placement atop the Capitol dome of 19-foot six inch stat- ue "Freedom" by Thomas Crawford which appears on Demand Notes; Dec. 3 1755, artist Gilbert Stuart, whose Vaughn copy of his Athenaeum portrait of George Washington was engraved for U.S. currency, born; 1877, Confederate Registrar Robert Tyler dies; 1917, War Savings Stamps placed on sale; Dec. 4 1864, Bank of North America converts to National Bank, allowed to keep its historic name; 1871, Senator Sumner introduces a bill to authorize compound-interest notes as a substitute for legal tender notes; Dec. 5 1842, Bank of Louisiana resumes specie payments; 1864, Third Issue of Fractional Currency commences, according to U.S. Treasurer Jas. Gilfillan; Dec. 6 1769, due to 'great distress' in the Colony, New Jersey's Assembly authorizes 125,000 pounds in bills of credit; 1835, President Andy Jackson decries irredeemable paper money in annual message to Congress; Dec. 7 1863, CSA Treasury Secretary C.G. Memminger reports on finances; 1870, Brooklyn Daily Eagle once again reports "Philadelphia is overrun with bogus fifty-cent currency"; Dec. 8 1863, Treasury Secretary Chase tells Congress the "national banking law has proved a valuable support to the public credit"; 1999, current Paper Money Editor Fred L. Reed III's tenure begins; Dec. 9 1870, Charles Scott aquitted of passing counterfeit $10 U.S. note when "the most important witness on the part of the Government was absent"; 2005, John Albanese of Archival Collectibles announces purchase of American Bank Note Co. archives; Dec. 10 1863, Mr. Brown submitted resolution to "make Confederate notes a legal tender in payment of debts after the expiration of six months"; 1863, Mr. Phelan introduced S. 151 to make CSA bond coupons legal tender in payment of debts; Dec. 11 1865, Congress considers imposing felony charges on anyone who sells Confederate currency, with penalties of lengthy prison time at hard labor and fines; 1932, innova- tive bank robber Willie Sutton escapes from prison; Dec. 12 1811, Colonial Currency engraver Peter Rushton Maverick dies; 1924, Lincoln Credit Union chartered by state of New York; Dec. 13 1796, earliest extant dated check bearing $ dollar sign; 1972, world paper money authority Dr. Arnold Keller dies; Dec. 14 1864, CSA government posts notice in Richmond Enquirer advertising for Federal greenbacks; 1976, first Treasury Bills in book-entry form sold; Dec. 15 1820, Alabama authorizes Comptroller warrants in denoms of 55 and up to circulate as currency; 1864, CSA Treasury Secretary George Trenholm reports on finances; Dec. 16 1789, Pennsylvania Gazette lauds the prohibition against the "danger of our having a paper tender"; 1954, Henry Holtzclaw becomes BEP Director; Dec. 17 1852, Brooklyn Daily Eagle publishes W.L. Ormsby's description of genuine bank note company plates employed by counterfeiters; 1878, gold coins and paper money exchangeable at par; Dec. 18 1816, banknote engraver Jacob Perkins and Thomas Gilpin patent watermarked paper; 1863, initial delivery of $5 First Charter National Currency to Comptroller; Dec. 19 1801, Bank of South Carolina chartered, after a decade of operation; 1911, CSA Treasury and currency scholar Raphael P. Thian dies; Dec. 20 1819, Jacob Perkins, Gideon Fairman and Charles Heath form partnership to print English banknotes; 1862, encased stamp issuer Hopkinton, MA merchant Arthur M. Claflin issues scrip; Dec. 21 1833, Sen. Daniel Webster requests refreshing of his "usual retainer" to look after Bank of the United States affairs; 1863, first examination of a National Bank performed; Dec. 22 1885, auctioneer Ed Frossard sells William Lee collection of Confederate Currency; 1910, U.S. postal savings stamps first issued; Dec. 23 1785, paper money and U.S. Mint Chief Engraver Christian Gobrecht horn; 1833, Mississippi charters Grand Gulf RR & Banking Co. with banknote issuing privileges; Dec. 24 1772, Colonial and Continental Currency printer David Hall dies; 1861, CSA raises treasury note limit to $150 million; 1864, Boston lithographer Louis Prang sends President Abraham Lincoln album of scrip , etc. he has printed with Lincoln's image; Dec. 25 1801, Zenas Crane purchases land for Dalton Paper Mill, at which he will revolution- ize paper making for currency, for $194; 1933, SPMC member Noel Williams born; Dec. 26 1928, SPMC member Joseph B. Noll born; 1955, United States Paper Money author George H. Blake dies; Dec. 27 1806, General Assembly of Kentucky approves an act to establish a state bank to be called the Bank of Kentucky; 1878, ABNCo. consolidates NBNCo and CBNCo; Dec. 28 1861, New York bankers unanimously decide to suspend specie payments on Dec. 30th; 1910, encased stamp issuer Cincinnati merchant John W. Ellis dies; Dec. 29 1862, Hanover, IL merchant H.A.Hallerman issues scrip "under the law of necessity"; 1942, Fed Circular 2564 restricts wartime HAWAII notes in the continental U.S.; Dec. 30 1833, Massachusetts Colonial Currency author A.M. Davis born; 2005, Alabama Obsolete Paper Money author Walter Rosene dies; Dec. 31 1840, Mississippi extends charter of Bank of the State of Mississippi; 1890, U.S. Treasurer Francis E. Spinner (FR 1324-1342) dies; 450 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money SPMC Memphis 2007 Board Meeting Minutes Meeting date July 7, 2007 Present: Benny Bolin, Mark Anderson, Frank Clark, Rob Kravitz, Gene Hessler, Bob Moon, Judith Murphy, Fred Reed, Matt Jantzen, Jeff Bruggeman, Wendell Wolka Not present: Wes Duran, Jamie Yakes, Tom Minerley, Bob Cochran Guest: John Jackson Call to order and Determination of Quorum The meeting was presided over by President Benny Bolin and began at 7:45 a.m. Minutes of Last Meeting The minutes from the November 2006 St. Louis meeting and the two phone conferences since were approved with correc- tions as amended Election There is no contest to the election this year. Rob Kravitz and Fred Reed are up for re-election and Matt Jantzen and Robert Vandevender are seeking positions vacated by Wes Duran and Bob Schreiner. In the absence of the secretary, VP Anderson cast one vote for the four candidates and all were elected as presented. New members Jantzen and Vandevender were wel- comed to the board. Election of Officers Officers are elected for two year terms and this is the year for elections. Benny Bolin was nominated and re-elected President; Mark Anderson was nominated and re-elected VP and Bob Moon was nominated and re-elected Treasurer. All votes were unanimous. The position of secretary was not voted on due to an agenda item to restructure the position. Secretary Position Restructuring A discussion was held related to the secretary position. Bob Schreiner developed an excellent job description which was previously distributed. The discussion was centered on split- ting the job into a recording and corresponding secretary. It was noted that creating two positions would require a by-laws change. Mark Anderson will word this change and distribute to the board before our next meeting. Judith Murphy made the motion for this to occur. Second by Rob Kravitz and passed unanimously. Election of Secretary Jamie Yakes was nominated and elected secretary. Treasurer's Report The treasurer reported that this was a positive year in terms of net worth (see attached report). It was noted that due to advertising in Paper Money, we were in the black. The Forrest Daniel account has not been tapped and earned $242.50 inter- est. Of note is the fact that due to the later date for Memphis, there were no funds related to our annual meeting in the financials. However, next year, there may be two debits of same. Mr. Moon reported that he had established a PayPal account for the society to be used for renewals and new mem- bers alike. The only potential problem is the need to commu- nicate new member information that is normally obtained via an application to the secretary. The use of PayPal will be at no fee for the users and cost the society about 80¢ for each use. President Bolin asked that Mssrs. Moon and Reed work together to include a brief financial statement in at least three issues of Paper Money and for posting on the web. He asked these appear at a minimum in the editions pre-Memphis and pre-St. Louis. Mr. Moon also announced he needed all receipts and checks ASAP due to his schedule. A discussion occurred related to submission of advertising checks to the ad manager and treasurer in a more timely manner. In the end, Mr. Reed was instructed by President Bolin to make two copies of all checks he received monthly, one to keep and to send one copy to the ad manager and the checks to the trea- surer. A discussion was then entered into related to the pur- chasing of bulk memberships by commercial firms for gifting to their customers. After a lengthy discussion, it was decided that this was allowable but that it would not denote any endorsement by the society. Motion by Bob Moon, second by Mark Anderson and passed. Mr. Moon then made a motion to allow purchasers of greater than 20 memberships to purchase them for a discounted price of $20. Gene .Hessler seconded. A vote was taken and the motion failed. The treasurers bond (a "commercial crime policy") is still active in an amount of $250,000 for a premium of $120/year. Finally, it was decreed by President Bolin that all references to Mr. Moon's status as non-elected would be deleted in both Paper Money and on the website and he would be referred to solely as treasurer. Audit Committee Mark Anderson gave a report of the audit committee. New members are being solicited and an audit will be done in November 2007. Membership Report Membership Chairman Clark reported that the society gained 227 new members this year. The website was the number one recruiter followed by Goldstein award winner Tom Denly and then Wendell Wolka. President Bolin brought up tracking members who leave between year 3 and 15 and try to gain insight into their defections. Secretary Yakes will be asked to do this on a yearly basis. Grant Committee Report Committee Chairman Ron Hotstmann submitted a report on the current grant recipients. All are following the guidelines for the grants. Peter Huntoon submitted three requests that were approved on a motion from Wolka and a second from Gene Hessler. Editor/Publisher Report Editor Reed reported and showed the 250th issue of Paper Money that will be sent to the members soon. He reported that all is well with the magazine and there are plenty of arti- cles for the future. Regional Meetings Report Murphy and Wolka reported on the activities of the society at regional meetings and upcoming events. West Coast Representative In order to meet the needs of our members on the west coast, President Bolin announced he had appointed Mark Baskin to be the non-board member west coast rep. We are proud to continue the numismatic legacy begun in 1933 Specializing in Quality and Rare U.S. Currency U.S. Large Size Fractionals U.S. Small Size Nationals National Gold Bank Notes Kagin's -- an established name for conserva- tive grading of quality notes. We specialize in building U.S. currency collections of premium quality and rare notes. Favorable terms to suit your individual needs. 98 Main Street #201 Tiburon, CA 94920 1-888-8KAGINS www.kagins.com You are invited to visit our web page www.kyzivatcurrency.com For the past 8 years we have offered a good selection of conservatively graded, reasonably priced currency for the collector All notes are imaged for your review National Bank NoteS LARGE SIZE TYPE NOTES SMALL SIZE TYPE NOTES SMALL SIZE STAR NOTES OBSOLETES CONFEDERATES ERROR NOTES TIM KYZIVAT (708) 784-0974 P.O. Box 451 Western Sprints, IL 60558 E-mail tkyzivat@kyzivatcurrency.com k1 -ai, +MIR ■IONTYMRS JML Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 Bain Breakfast Report Due to many unforeseen problems this year resulting in decreased number of tickets sold vs. guaranteed, we lost approximately $250 on the breakfast. The raffle was a success in spite of fewer than normal donations. A discussion was held related to the future of the event. It was decided to investigate a different menu for the event, but it was felt by all that it was important to keep the event at the Marriott. A report on this will be given at St. Louis and a decision made. It was reiterat- ed by President Bolin that we needed to get donations well in advance of Thursday set up at Memphis. Governors Yakes and Kravitz will be charged with making this a reality for 2008. Donors will be named in thank-you ads placed in Paper Money and on the website. Liana Grant Update Gene Hessler gave an update on the Liana Grant. To date he has sent copies of The Engraver's Line and The International Engraver's Line to 62 libraries. He had previously sent out the list. He has the ability to send about 18 more and is asking board and regular members for library nominations. We need to post the list on the website. Gene also asked that a press release for this activity be put in Bank Note Repoter, Coin World and Numismatic News as well as noted in Paper Money. Editor's Contract Mark Anderson related the status of the contract with the edi- tor. He will revise it as needed and circulate to the board for approval and signing by Editor Reed. By-laws Mark Anderson related that the changes previously approved for by law changes were approved by electronic vote. It was decided to put an easy link to the by-laws on the website and the URL listed in the information portion of Paper Money. Committees President Bolin distributed a list of desired committees for 2007-8 and asked board members to decide which they wanted to be members of. His vision is that each committee will also have at least two non-board members on them. These will include an awards committee, long range planning and strate- gic growth, nominating, education, research and an editorial oversight committee to act as a liaison between the members and Paper Money. Directors & Officers Insurance The current D&O insurance is valid through the end of August. Treasurer Moon was instructed to complete the new application and renew when the company sent an invoice. Article Discussion President Bolin asked for discussion by the group related to a controversial article that had been named for an award. After discussion by the group, it was felt that this particular article did not meet the requirements for any of the award groups and would not be given an award. Conference Call President Bolin asked all members to send dates and times for a board conference call in the second or third week of August. Adjournment President Bolin adjourned the meeting at 10:10 a.m. 451 452 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money SPMC activities at Memphis and Milwaukee ANA show Courtesy of photographs by Bank Note Reporter, Dave Harper, Dave Kranz and Bob Van Ryzin Shawn Hewitt (left) receives the SPMC D.C. Wismer "Book of the Year" Award for his Minnesota obsolete note book from Wendell Wolka, while Mark Tomasko receives the SPMC Julian Blanchard Award for his Memphis exhibit of vignettes, proofs and their use. Benny Bolin (left) presents Steve Goldsmith an SPMC Award of Merit on behalf of R.M. Smythe and himself, while Bolin presents Roger Durand the SPMC Nathan Gold lifetime Achievement Award. Jess Lipka (left) receives the SPMC "Best of Show" exhibit award at Memphis from Wendell Wolka, while John and Nancy Wilson receive SPMC Awards of Merit from President Bolin. Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 453 Presenters at the 4th Annual SPMC Author's Forum pose for a family photo. They are, clockwise from above left: Shawn Hewitt, Art Friedberg, Dennis Tucker, Wendell Wolka, Ray Feller, Steve Feller, Pierre Fricke and Doug Murray. Wendell Wolka presents an educational lecture on grading at Memphis. His program has also been presented at FUN & ANA. Paper Money Editor Fred Reed (left) receives the 1st Forrest Daniel Memorial Literary Award from Benny Bolin. Former Paper Money Editor Gene Hessler receives the Numismatic Literary Guild's highest award, "The Clemy," and a congratulatory kiss from Numismatist Editor Barbara Gregory at the NLG Bash during the Milwaukee ANA show. Au. _141_ \ A005616A 4Lris' THE CITY NATIONAL HANK OF GAINEST'ON IA• TEXAS WILL PAT TO TILE SEARI If ON DEMAND TEN DOLLARS 11005616A 454 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money ABOUT NATIONALS MOSTLY BY FRANK CLARK The Mary Moody Northen Foundation AMAJOR PAPER MONEY AUCTION OF TEXASNationals hardly ever goes by without at least one men- tion of the Mary Moody Northen Foundation Collection (Moody Foundation.) Let me shed some light on the woman this foundation is named for, her father and the collection. William Lewis Moody, Jr. was a leading Galveston financier for more than 60 years. Moody established the Moody Compress Company in 1894 to process cotton for exportation. This expanded into many businesses over the years as Moody moved from commodity-based trade to invest- ment-oriented capitalism. In September 1907 Moody applied for a national charter for the City National Bank of Galveston. Capital at the beginning for charter #8899 was $200,000. Between 1911 and 1932 the City National Bank absorbed three national banks, the Galveston National Bank #4153, the First National Bank of Alvin #12580, and the First National Bank of Dickinson #12855. During the Third Charter era, the City National Bank issued $10 and $20 Red Seals, Date Backs and Plain Backs. The Series 1929 era saw this bank issue $10 and $20 Type One and Two Nationals. The total amount of circulation issued was $2,393,850. The City National Bank changed its name to the Moody National Bank in 1953 to honor its founder. The cornerstones of banking, insurance and hotels led Moody to control Galveston for a half a century. This includ- ed bankrolling the Maceo Syndicate that ran Galveston's well- known gambling halls openly until the state of Texas finally closed them down in the 1930s after many years of operation. Moody was a soft-talking, hard-dealing man who was regarded as a genius by his business associates, but his employ- ees considered him a miserly tyrant. He was famous for his frugality and he once rebuked an insurance executive for giv- ing a stenographer a $5 raise after 20 years of service. In 1950 he had a falling out with his only living son, William L. Moody III. His son had been his executive direc- tor for 10 years, but after the disagreement, the father never again spoke in his son's presence and left him only $1 in his will. To illustrate this hatred between father and son there is the following story. In the mid-1960s, William Philpott had brought to a coin show in Galveston a large size National sheet on the City National Bank of Galveston with the signa- ture of W.L. Moody, Jr. as president. Philpott wanted John Rowe and Tom Bain to act as his agents in selling the sheet to the Moody family. Rowe and Bain called William L. Moody III on the phone about the sheet. The younger Moody was none too interested and he let fly a stream of expletives about his father. Rowe and Bain reported back to Philpott about their unfortunate luck. Philpott took the sheet back and con- tacted Ms. Northen. She gladly purchased the sheet thus lay- ing the foundation for a larger purchase in the future. The Moody financial empire ownership was left to the Moody Foundation, a charitable trust. It was set up in order to keep the Moody empire intact and thus preventing its breakup to pay inheritance taxes. Moody's 62-year-old daughter, Mary Moody Northen, was named president or chairman of the board of over 50 cor- porations within the Moody Foundation. This included three banks, a chain of 30 hotels, eleven ranches, two newspapers, a commercial printing plant, a cotton company and the American National Insurance Company, which at the time was the largest insurance company west of the Mississippi. Mary had no formal schooling. It was said by a family friend that Mary did not want to go to school, so she did not. She did however have a few private tutors up to the age of 16, but she spent her childhood reading the newspapers for her education. She liked want ads and property transactions the most. In young womanhood, she took a liking to a hotel clerk, Edwin Clyde (Mike) Northen. He was 19 years older than Mary. After they were married, the elder Moody set Mr. Northen up in the insurance business. The Northens did not have any children. Mr. Northen died on May 30, 1954, of a heart attack at home. Seven weeks later tragedy struck again as Mary's father died on July 21, 1954, at the age of 89. He was considered one of the ten richest men in America and he left behind an empire worth over $400 million. Mary spent a lot of time with her father especially after the setting up of the trust and the falling out he had with his son. Her father instructed her on making executive decisions and prepared her for running the foundation. Her frugality even surpassed her father's. It was said that up to about 1950 she did not have a radio or any other modern appliances in her home. Food was kept in an old-fashion ice box and her Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 455 house was heated by a wood stove. She drove a 1928 Studebaker until her father learned that people were laughing behind her back. Then he bought her a Cadillac. In the mid-1960s, William Philpott decided to sell his Texas Nationals collection. He prepared a 40-legal page list- ing in November 1964. In April 1967 he added five 8.5 by 11 pages of Texas Nationals to the listing. Philpott did not record the serial numbers. He did record the town, bank, denomination, Friedberg number, grade and bank officers. No two notes were alike as Philpott collected by Friedberg number and bank officer. Total face value was over $35,000 and it was almost all pre-1929 Nationals. There were only two 1929 Nationals listed in the collec- tion and they were in the sub-collection of notes bearing the names of presidents of the Texas Bankers Association. Philpott was the secretary of the TBA from 1913 to 1964. In order to read the listing correctly as to Friedberg num- ber, you will need a pre-ninth edition Friedberg. With that editon in 1978, the proper order of emission for Third Charter Red Seals and Date Backs was realized. The Texas large and small uncut sheets of Nationals were not listed in the for sale inventory. In 1968 Bain-Brownlee-Rowe bought the Philpott Collection. Portions of it were the uncut sheets of Texas Nationals, the serial number 1 Nationals, notes signed by presidents of the Texas Bankers Association, and the Texas First Charter Nationals. The major part of the collection was the other Texas Nationals that Philpott collected by bank, Friedberg no. and bank officer signature. A total of more than 1,000 Nationals was in this part of the collection. The Texas First Charter notes were eventually bought by Bill Logan of Houston. Ms. Northen acting for the Mary Moody Northen Foundation that she founded in 1963 enters the picture at this point. She wanted the Nationals that were signed by her father. There were seven notes that he signed out of the more than 1000 notes in this part of the collection. It did not phase her for the foundation to buy this entire part of the Philpott Collection not part of any of the specialized collections. John Rowe and Tom Bain delivered the collection to the designated bank storage room. The notes have rested in their original Samsonite suitcase ever since. Ms. Northen passed away on August 25, 1986. As a sidelight, my high school graduation took place at Moody Coliseum on the grounds of the Southern Methodist University campus. It was named for W.L. Moody, Jr. BIBLIOGRAPHY Conversations with John N. Rowe. Oakes, Dean and John Hickman. Standard Catolog of National Bank Notes. 2nd Edition. Krause Publications, Inc. Iola: WI., 1990. Thlle magazine - different issues August and September 1954. Moody National Bank Website. Official Notice: Nominations Open for SPMC Board The following SPMC Governors' terms expire in 2008: Jamie Yakes Bob Cochran Tom Minerley Gene Hessler If you have suggestions for candidates, or if the governors named above wish to run for another term, please notify Nominations Chairman Judith Murphy, P.O. Box 24056, Winston-Salem, NC 27114. In addition, candidates may be placed on the ballot in the following manner: (1) A writ- ten nominating petition, signed by 10 current members, is submitted; and (2) An acceptance letter from the person being nominated is submitted with the petition. Nominating peti- tions (and accompanying letters) must be received by the Nominations Chairman by March 15, 2008. Biographies of the nominees and ballots (if necessary) for the election will be included in the May/June 2008 issue of Paper Money. The ballots will be counted at Memphis and announced at the SPMC general meeting held during the International Paper Money Show. Any nominee, but especially first-time nominees, should send a portrait and brief biogra- phy to the Editor for publication in Paper Money. v — I 1 _ won-. !In 11. 1..1.4, or.. November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money456 The Best of Times My writings and talks on adventures of "world paper" acquisi- tion do tend to underline a recurring theme, that the present is a great time -- recalling Dickens, a "best of times" -- to be col- lecting and to be striving for growth in knowledge and in related numismatic comprehension. This from the perspective of six decades of paper money exploration. Allow me, in that spirit, to provide a glimpse, with rele- vant note illustrations, of fiscal paper possibilities of immedi- ate post-war years. We'll share an attractive cluster of King George VI portrait, British Commonwealth notes that (in our port city setting) could be acquired in top shape and at face. Think Barbados, Bermuda, British Caribbean Territories (as then called), Jamaica. At which point it should be instruc- tive to compare and contrast with sources and availability of really fine notes at this relatively late date. Such could convince you that those "good old days" had to have been a prime time for creative collecting . . . and, as importantly, that distinctive advantages can be identified in connection with imaginative collecting in the here and now. Portraiture of the late king could have constituted, in itself, a worthy collecting theme -- as on six then-current Canadian note denominations (Paper Money 227), but to me it also represents a mark of integrity, as did the pound Sterling monetary unit. My summer office job was paying $80 per month, so even one pound I deemed a significant sum. I tend- ed to concentrate on lower-value notes in monetary units that I felt that I could trust. Four King George VI Classics The Government of Barbados $1, lowest and commonest of five Sterling-linked, local-dollar denominations, colorfully features the royal portrait in dark green, the seal of the colony in a rich purple, with supporting tints of brown and orange. Signed by Commissioners of Currency, my Barbados $1 is issue-dated 1st June, 1943, and so is one of the later releases. Barbados also (at that time) was served by United Kingdom and Canadian banks of issue. From 1950 through 1973, Barbados used currency of the British Caribbean Territories, Eastern Group, which at that stage were undifferenced as to domicile. Distinctive issues of the Central Bank of Barbados date from 1973, with five current values ($1, $5, $10, $20 and $100) accessible to collectors, and essentially uninflated. The Bermuda Government's attractive blue one pound of 17th February, 1947, is a relatively common value of a four- denomination (5-, 10-shillings; 1- and 5-pounds) post-war release, with a 10 pounds high value from 1964. Bermuda cur- rency was decimalized, the pound giving way to a par- American Bermuda dollar, from 1970. Issues in the name of the Bermuda Monetary Authority date from 1974. Current releases, deservingly popular with collectors, range to $100, with signature/date varieties and commemorative themes. British Caribbean Territories: Among my favorite King George VI portrait notes is a bright green, 1951-dated $5 of that monetary union, a favorite because, as things turned out, the note was to be the forerunning of so much. A scroll serves to map rather diverse areas where it was expected that the note would see service, namely: Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Leeward Islands (Anguilla, Antigua, Montserrat, St. Kitts), Windward Islands (Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent), and British Guiana. Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, and British Guiana -- as the Cooperative Republic of Guyana -- eventually dropped out of the group, inaugurat- ing national currencies. Queen Elizabeth II portrait notes of similar early design date from 1953, with a modified Eastern Caribbean Currency Authority release from 1965. That same issue introduced domiciling of East Caribbean currency, by a "letter in circle" black overprint ("A" for Antigua, "D" for Dominica . . . eight in all). The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank, from 1985, Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 Dear Santa To: S. Claus—North Pole. From: Benny Bolin—President SPMC. Dear Santa: I have been a good boy this year. I have not altered or enhanced any notes. I have not taken advantage of any unknowing people in posses- sion of highly collectible notes. I have not sniped on eBay. I have presented topics and tried to make the SPMC a better organization. I hope that when you fly your sleigh over the world this December 25th, you will bring me the following gifts; 1. An ever growing society that numbers at least half the circu- lation of BM?. 2. A determined direction for the society to go in the next 5 years that is based on the desires and wishes of the member- ship. 3. A cadre of enthusiastic collectors/dealers who want to make the hobby ever better and will serve the society in many dif- ferent roles, from presenters of educational activities, to members on committees, to candidates for the SPMC board of governors. 4. An effective awards program that is highly influenced by the membership and rewards the "over and above" labors of committed members. As I write this, it is 100°, humid and dry—Summer in Texas. It seems a long reach to think about Santa and winter, but it was also not that long ago that the four Santa wishes above were long reaches as well. Fortunately, Virginia (Tom, Mark, Judy, et. al.) there is a Santa Claus. And his name is YOU! Yes, you can make those dreams come true and bring a big smile to this little boy's face (if Santa can be real, I can be little). Your time and efforts are all that is needed to make the society one that will last into perpetuity and ever meet the needs of collectors and dealers. I have put out a call for committee memberships in the above areas and others as well. The SPMC is your society; therefore make the commitment to make it better. The year is winding down again and it has been another blockbuster year. We just saw the great results of two auctions— the CAA auction of the Mayer collection and Stack's auction of the final lots of John Ford's fractional collection. Please join us if you can at the PCDA show in St. Louis on November 9-11 (note earlier weekend this year). The SPMC will be having a general membership meeting on Friday at 2 p.m. with Wendell Wolka presenting his great program on grading and detecting altered notes. Then, after a holiday respite, we start another new year in Florida with FUN, FUN, FUN!!! Until next year—happy holidays and a great new year!! Oh and if you have an extra—one Christmas wish for me—a sheet of Fr. 1352-135 ,4—no need to wrap it! • Benny SAS mongy man Paper Money will accept classified advertising on a basis of 158 per word (minimum charge of $3.75). Commercial word ads are now allowed. Word count: Name and address count as five words. All other words and abbrevia- tions, figure combinations and initials count as separate words. No checking copies. 10% discount for four or more insertions of the same copy. Authors are also offered a free three-line classified ad in recognition of their contribu- tion to the Society. These ads are denoted by (A) and are run on a space available basis. Special: Three line ad for six issues = only $20.50! INTERNATIONAL ENGRAVER'S LINE, World engravers & their work, 392 pages, 700 ill., most in color, $74 incl. post. Premium ed. with signed notes $140. Gene Hessler, PO Box 31144, Cincinnati., OH 45231 or engraversline@aol.com (252) COLLECTOR BUYING AND SELLING published U.S. National Bank Histories and other publications! Offer what you have; send your "Want List." Bob Cochran, PO Box 1085, Florissant, MO 63031 (PROUD SPM- CLM691 (252) AUTHORS RECEIVE FREE CLASSIFIED AD. Write now (PM) LINCOLN PORTRAIT ITEMS. Collector desires bank notes, scrip, checks, CDVs, engraved/lithographed ephemera, etc. with images of Abraham Lincoln for book on same. Contact Fred Reed at P.O. Box 11 81 62, Carrollton, TX 75051-8162 or freed3@airmail.net (252) HUNDREDS OF PAPER MONEY MAGAZINES FOR SALE from before I became Editor back to 1960s & 1970s. I bought these filling sets. Fill your needs now. E-mail me freec13@airmail.net & I'll sell you what I got! (252) WANTED. Canadian Chartered Bank Notes. Wendell Wolka, PO Box 1211, Greenwood, Indiana 46142 (252) AUTHORS RECEIVE FREE CLASSIFIED AD. Write now (PM) CASH FOR BOOKS, PUBLICATIONS, DOCUMENTS related to finance, leasing, law, bail bonds, banking, accounting, royalties, insurance, mort- gages, etc. www.RicharclHopp.com (818) 902-0532 (254) WANTED. OBSOLETES AND NATIONALS from New London County CT banks (Colchester, Jewett City, Mystic, New London, Norwich, Pawcatuck, Stonington). Also 1732 notes by New London Society United for Trade and Commerce and FNB of Tahoka Nationals #8597. David Hinkle, 215 Parkway North, Waterford, CT 06385. (254) WANTED OBSOLETE BANKNOTES & SCRIP of Worcester, MA. Please e- mail or write to: ecIpognt@roadrunner.com or Don Latino, 1405 Cape St., East Lee, MA 01238 (256) WANTED NATIONALS -- HAYS NATIONAL BANK in Clinton, New York. Charter #10295. Neil Schrader, 3320 Minglewood Dr., Beaumont, TX 77703-2734 (256) Take Note: SPMC now accepts commercial Money Mart acts Sell your duplicates; advertise your wants Permanent Wants: Paper Money Editor desires Articles on small size U.S. currency What are YOU waiting for? 457 v-pyu NT-T,A.4 teco-vrty& eu e_IMWT,LAMA I,P2MESILDStDA T OVERNMENT OF THE ALICIAND ISLANDS T.. NOUS Ane a0.91.7111t.BO0012 9 DiE INNIMITOFANT 010.7 VE poirivns FM THE 00VERNUENT OFTNE 2005 FALKLAND ISLANDS .-n-rar- domiciled primarily by a serial number suffix letter, adding "bar" permutations, possibly machine readable, from 1993. Later notes are undated. Issuing authorities, issues, denominations (seven in all), eight-fold domiciling, and a dozen or more signature permuta- tions, make for distinct diversity ... plus a unique collecting challenge. Some East Caribbean notes from early or short- lived issues, higher denominations, or small or difficult settle- ments (think Montserrat!), can prove particularly tough. I'm glad I picked up that King George VI $5 "way back when." The Government of Jamaica, King George VI "pound note," of an overall design introduced in 1939-42, was released in dark green (pink and light green tints) in 1940 -- mine is dated 1953 -- and, unusually, was not succeeded by a Queen Elizabeth II issue until 1960. It should prove a common note. Still earlier Jamaican notes, government releases under 1904 and 1908 legislation, bank issues of United Kingdom and Canadian institutions, can prove decidedly difficult, if avail- able, especially so in higher denominations and better grades. More recent Jamaican issues, those of a central bank (Bank of Jamaica), should prove, by and large, relatively acces- sible. The bank's first notes in Sterling denominations (5- and 10-shillings; 1- and 5-pounds) are Queen Elizabeth II portrait notes, and cite 1960 enabling legislation. "Dollar" issues released by the bank in 1970 initially provided five denomina- tions (50-cents; 1, 2-, 5- and 10-Jamaican dollars) and featured national figures. A $20 was added in 1977. An overall reduction in note size dates from 1985. Four further denominations have entered service, $50 and $100 values in 1986-88, $500 in 1994, and the Michael Manley $1000, which dates from 2000. Late 1940s ... those were the days! I well recall Mexico's 11-cent red peso, the calendar stone; "B" stampings for Berlin; the striking iridescence of crisp British Honduras dollars (greens, purples, reds); and the wonderful Irish ploughman notes -- always brown, so invariably five pounds, and more than I could afford. Literature, however, was sparse, but Thomas Cook in Montreal had possessed a wondrous loose- leaf compendium on note redemption possibilities, known counterfeits, and such ... which I had been allowed to peruse. Today, 50 or more years later, international and national societies, periodicals, general and specialized catalogues, and a growing number of local clubs, exist to promote and serve the note-collecting fraternity. "Jobbers" trek through Africa, Asia, South America, to stockpile new issues for dealers and their customers, and to hunt down elusive earlier notes. Incredible possibilities exist for creative individual collecting. You sense what I mean by the best of times? To conclude, several high-tech notes of this later genera- November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money tion, Queen Elizabeth II portrait on a Gibraltar "millennium" five pounds, and the 2005 Falkland Island five pounds, and the recent, enhanced security Canada $5 with portrait of Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Plus, the new Michael Manley Jamaican high value. As I say, you do your thing. 458 Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 459 MURDER AND INFLATION: The Kentucky Tragedy By Clifford F. Thies Eldon R. Lindsay Professor of Economics and Finance Shenandoah University F OLLOWING THE PANIC OF 1 8 1 9, THE STATE OFKentucky sought to provide relief from the suddenly harsh burden ofdebt on many of its citizens, by creating the Bank of theCommonwealth, a new kind of bank, one completely owned by the state government and not at all bothered by specie, and by suspending foreclo- sure for up to two years upon the tender of paper money by debtors. There fol- lowed a period of inflation, a collapse of the economy, political conflict, con- cern for the preservation of a republican form of government, and murder. A new history, The Kentucky Tragedy by Dickson Bruce (LSU Press, 2006), tells the story of a particular murder — one of operatic proportion — that occurred during this tumultuous period. The story of this murder, the trial of the mur- derer and of his execution, is compelling. But, so is the context within which this murder took place. PRELUDE TO MURDER The Panic of 1819 was precipitated by the effort of the U.S. govern- ment, aided by the Bank of the United States, to bring about a resumption of specie payments. During the War of 1812, the banks of the country outside New England suspended specie payments. And, while they were in suspension and awash in U.S. Treasury Notes (which they treated as reserves), they increased their lending and note issuance, and touched off a bubble in land val- ues. It was expected that, following the war, the banks would resume specie payments, but this did not happen on its own and, so, the federal government announced that, as of a certain date, only the paper of specie-paying banks would be acceptable in payment of taxes and other dues to it, and to its fiscal agent, the Bank of the United States. Following this announcement, most of the banks of the country resumed, but for many banks, whose borrowers were unable, themselves, to repay their debts in specie or bank notes redeemable in specie, this resumption proved abortive, and much of the country south of Virginia and west of Pennsylvania relapsed into suspension. During the relapse into suspension, many of the state legislatures of the country tried to give relief to debtors through one or both of the following expedients: First, laws postponing or otherwise making more difficult foreclo- sure sales; and, second, chartering new banks from which borrowers could refi- nance their loans on easy payment terms. Kentucky and Tennessee may have been the foremost states for debtor relief legislation. The state of Kentucky had already tried the new bank scheme. In 1818, it had authorized up to 43 "independent banks," to go along with the long-established Bank of Kentucky and the two branches of the (Second) Bank of the United States in the state. These new banks did not have to redeem their notes in specie, but could redeem them merely in notes of the Bank of 460 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money Kentucky. The idea was that the specie in the vaults of the Bank of Kentucky could be used, through these new banks, to support an expanded multiplication of paper money in the state. The new banks were supposed to borrow, in the aggregate, something like $1 million in notes from the Bank of Kentucky, and then issue $2 million of their own notes. But, instead of increasing the amount of paper money in circulation, the pyramid scheme appears to have disrupted monetary arrangements, with the withdrawal from circulation of the well-known notes of the Bank of Kentucky, and the emission of a variety of notes of unknown value. Apparently, the notes of the new banks were quickly returned to them for redemption, and this "reflux," as it was called, forced many of the new banks into suspension. As a result of the many failures of the independent banks, and of their relationship, via the pyramid scheme, to the Bank of Kentucky, they came to be character- ized as "The Forty Thieves," as in "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves." In mid-August 1819, two of the new banks were reported as being unable to redeem their notes. The next week, two more were reported to have failed, and eight others were described as "suspicious." By early September, a total of sixteen of the new banks were either known or suspected to have failed. By November, according to one account, 17 of the new banks had failed, and eight others were suspect or inactive. With the failure of so many of the independent banks, monetary arrangements apparently became deranged. Change tickets were issued by mer- chants and gained a degree of currency, indicative of a lack of coins in circula- tion. And, advertisements made barterlike offers for commodities produced in Kentucky for export, e.g., "whiskey at current prices will be taken in payment of debts," and "the subscriber will receive in payment of debts pork, flour and whiskey," indicative of a lack both of paper money redeemable in specie and of coins in circulation. In February 1820, with the abject failure of its pyramid scheme, the state tried a new tack. It extended its "replevy" law whereby debtors could redeem their property following a foreclosure sale, to up to two years. Kentucky had long had a replevy law, but the period of redemption had previ- ously been only three months. At about the same time, the Bank of Kentucky suspended specie payments, and its notes fell to a discount of about 20 percent against specie. Monetary arrangements remained deranged through the year. Notes of the Bank of Kentucky continued to be heavily discounted against specie. And, advertisements continued to make offers such as "intends selling dry goods low for cash, hog's lard or hemp. He will also take the above articles in payment of debts," and, "we offer our groceries at cash prices for the following items of produce: 20,000 wt bacon hams, 20,000 wt hog's lard, tallow, beeswax, whiskey, hemp, tobacco, white beans, peas, etc." ENTER THE BANK OF THE COMMONWEALTH Toward the end of the year, the state embarked on yet another course. It revoked the charters of the independent banks and organized a new kind of bank, the Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, backed by the full faith and credit of the state (meaning, not backed by anything of intrinsic value), whose stock was completely owned by the state, and whose officers and directors were appointed and paid by the state legislature. The fact that the Bank of the Commonwealth was completely owned by the state of Kentucky was considered positively by its supporters. Governor John Adair, a "Relief" man, said, "The Bank of the Commonwealth is founded on the wealth and honor of Kentucky, having for its object the general good, and those who predict its downfall, as much undervalue the riches of the state as they discredit her character for fair dealing." /1; 11:4_31- WillearefriztALTIEVelt* ,,,/ tt.P./OrTiT, /(47.444".24iftee.2:6/i/ 4132121111MBREM Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 461 The first emissions of the new paper money were made in April 1821. By October, $2.3 million had been emitted. During this time, the value of the paper money of Kentucky, in terms of specie, collapsed. One newspaper spoke of "... the rapid and continued depreciation of our paper money for some weeks past ... the depreciation is already fortyfive percent or more ..." A few months later, it said, "Specie now command an advance of 57 percent in notes of the Bank of the Commonwealth." Another newspaper cited a letter from a subscriber to an associate in Tennessee, "Fortyfive advance has been given in Kentucky and Commonwealth paper for U.S. funds. Fifty is now asked." Several months later, this newspaper said, "We understand that specie has grown so scarce in Louisville that 2050 dollars in Commonwealth paper has been given for 1000 dollars in specie." Niles Register of Baltimore reported a curious incident of the exchange of money in Kentucky: "A person lately paid $5 to a printer in Kentucky, tendering a ten dollar bill of one the banks of Virginia, and was sur- prised at obtaining a discharge of his debt and three five dollar notes in the way change for his own." In Figure 1 (page 465), I show the value of the paper money of Kentucky relative to specie through the entire period. I have constructed this time series from sev- eral sources. The fall in the value of the paper money of Kentucky upon the opening of the Bank of the Commonwealth through 1822 is manifest. During 1822, newspapers noticed a peculiar asymmetry in the price changes accompanying the fall in the value of the paper money of Kentucky. Namely, prices of local produce and of labor were not rising, only those of imported goods. Consequently, the inflation adversely effected the terms of trade of the state, as well as made repayment of "foreign" debts more burdensome, and, in these two ways, impoverished the state. Said one newspaper, "We understand that the prices of produce, of the Country, or of labor have not changed in their value in the banks notes of this state or of the commonwealth ..." Said another, "such is the moderate price of every article of domestic produce, that the normal value of the currency ... is not depreciated ... [But] no man can leave Kentucky and travel into other parts of the Union, without paying nearly one-third of his funds for the purpose of converting the remainder into real money." And, "the balance of trade in con- sequence of our importation and the low price of our produce has been greatly against us." With the collapse of the value of the paper money of the Bank of the Commonwealth, several proposals were made to shore up its value by reducing the amount in circulation. One proposal was to stop making new loans, and collect some payments on the loans already made. But, this policy (or, we might infer from what follows, the mere announcement of the policy) had little effect in slowing the fall in value of the paper money. Figure 1 shows a strengthening of the value of the paper money in 1822, but the uptick was short-lived. In fact, before the policy was implemented, the lower house of the state legislature passed a resolution disapproving it; and, three days after the policy was implemented, it was rescinded. $1 note of the Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, 1821. 462 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money HERE COMES THE JUDGE In 1822, two circuit court judges of the state, independently, found that the application of the replevy law to pre-existing contracts violated the U.S. Constitution's "impairment of contracts" clause. And, the next year, the Court of Appeals (the state's Supreme Court) took up the two cases, held three days of hearings on them, and found, 3-0, that the replevy law was indeed an impair- ment of contract, unconstitutional, and void. Following this, for the next several years, the politics of the state revolved about the constitutionality of the state's relief laws, and the role of the judiciary relative to the legislative and to the executive branches of government. The underlying issues of debtor relief and paper money gradually receded, as their disastrous consequences were made evident. Indeed, beginning in 1822, there was a spontaneous rejection of the paper money of the Bank of the Commonwealth, with the recognition of specie and the notes of the branches of the Bank of the United States in the state, which could be redeemed in specie, as the unit of account. When the paper money of the Bank of the Commonwealth was first issued, coin and bank notes redeemable for specie were exported or hoarded, and only the paper money of the Bank of the Commonwealth circulated. But, this soon changed. Through November 1822, the prices in the Louisville Public Advertiser's price current were given in paper money, then, in December, prices were given in specie. The Kentucky Gazette, a Relief paper, continued to publish price cur- rents in paper money through 1825, at which time it, too, began quoting prices in specie. Later that year, it published a conversion table facilitating the use of the paper money of the Bank of the Commonwealth as a parallel medium of exchange to coin and bank notes redeemable in specie. The state legislature protested the decision of the Court of Appeals, describing the court's voiding of the law as a usurpation of legislative power. "The people of Kentucky ... have no preference for judicial tyranny ... They will not tolerate tyranny under any disguise ..." The legislature then attempted to remove the judges of the Court of Appeals on the grounds of bad behavior, but failed to attain the required two-thirds majority by the narrowest of mar- gins, falling one vote short in the lower house and two in the upper. The legisla- ture subsequently passed a law "reorganizing" the Court of Appeals, abolishing the "Old Court" and creating a new state Supreme Court that was staffed with judges sympathetic to the Relief agenda. The legislature also expressed its view of the nature of the rights of man: The right of each member of society must, from the nature of govern- ment, depend on the will of all, and that will must be displayed by the agency or expression of the majority. ...the will of the people, in civil society, constitutes the sovereignty of the state; that sovereignty is essentially a moral force, of unlimited extent ... In civil society, each of the members enters a double will, the one as a commoner in nature, the other as a member of a corporate body. The first is erratic, impulsive and selfish; the other is social, or rather political, and ... pure, enlightened and disinterested. Instead of seeing the rights of man as inherent, endowed, as it were, by the Creator, and seeing governments as formed by men in order to secure these rights, it sees the rights of man as dependent on something described as the will of the majority. Instead of seeing interest as inevitable, if not as good, and seek- ing to restrain the excessive pursuit of interest through a system of checks and balances, it denigrates the individual, describing the individual as impulsive and selfish, and glorifies the collective as pure and enlightened. Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 MURDER AND THE ELECTIONS OF 1825 AND 1826 In late 1824, one of the sons of Governor Joseph Desha, Isaac B. Desha, was arrested for murder and highway robbery, as reported in the Louisville Public Advert ser It appears that [Isaac B.] Desha fell in company with Mr. [Francis] Baker at some place near Mayslick. After some conversation, by which he learned that Mr. Baker was traveling eastward, and intended calling on Captain William Beckly, a relation of his living near Washington, he, Desha, offered to accompany him, to show him the way to that gentle- man's, which offer was accepted. Nothing more was seen or heard of Mr. Baker until he was found several days afterwards in the woods covered with logs and rubbish, with his throat cut from ear to ear! The back of his head was much bruised, supposed to have been occasioned by the strokes of a large whip in Desha's possession and the thumb of his right hand had been cut — apparently while resisting the knife of the murderer. Desha, we learn, was met near the place where the murder was committed, by a lad, who asserts that his hands and clothes were bloody, and that he was carrying a bridle, which was also bloody. The horse of the deceased was found in the possession of Desha; and a shirt Desha had on, on being compared with Baker's, was found to be of the same quality, with the mark cut out in precisely the same place where Baker's name was written on the other. After a change of venue favorable to him, Isaac B. Desha, who was defended by a team of prominent Relief lawyers, was tried and found guilty. But, the judge, a Relief man himself, granted Desha a new trial. The murder, the change of venue and the declaration of a mistrial by a friend of the Governor dragged down the Relief parry in the elections of 1825. In this election, the Old Court party gained a large majority of 22 seats in the 100-seat lower house of the state legislature. As Figure 1 shows, the value of the paper money of the Bank of the Commonwealth rose sharply through from early 1825 to early 1826. With an Old Court majority in the lower house of the state legislature, but with the Governor being a Relief man and the Relief party still in control of the upper house, the state was headed for a period of stalemate tinctured with uncertainty. Governor Desha's post-election annual message to the state legisla- ture was an unapologetic defense of the Relief agenda. "The doctrine of our late court of appeals," he said, "that an opinion of the Supreme Court of the United States on subjects involving the rights of the state, is binding and conclusive upon the state authorities, is believed to be not only erroneous but fatal to the sovereignty of the states." According to Old Court men, the Governor, together with another son, Marcus Brutus Desha, brandishing force of arms, threatened and otherwise attempted to intimidate both the lower house and the judges of the Old Court. In the election, Solomon Sharp, a Relief man and a former Attorney General of the state, won a seat in the state legislature. And, after the gathering of the new legislature, he was murdered in his home by a man identifying him- self as "John A. Covington.". A reward for the then enormous sum of $3,000 was offered by the state government for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the murderer. For the reasons listed below by the Morning Post of Louisville, Jereboam Beauchamp came to be suspected: It is said that he [Beauchamp] had conceived an inveterate hostility to Col. Sharpe ... which delicacy forbids us to mention; and that he had under this feeling threatened the life of Col. Sharp. It is known that he arrived in Frankfort on Saturday evening, before the murder, and departed thence early the next morning. 463 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money It is said that he exhibited no curiosity about the affair in the morning before he left town; and that he met the representative of his county a few miles from town on his way to the legislature and conversed with him some time without mentioning this most extraordinary affair. It is said that he [lodged with Mr. John Scott] on Sunday evening ... [and] that during the night he was heard to go out of the house and to return an hour or two after. It is said that the patrol at half past one o'clock that night passed and observed a man in a cloak such as Beauchamp wears, and whose appear- ance agrees with his. It is said that the bloody handkerchief that was dropped by the assassin was] just such a handkerchief as Beauchamp had tied round his forehead at a tavern and at Mr. Scott's. A plain track was found in the yard where Mrs. Sharp saw the assassin ... [and] that track, it is said, corresponds with Beauchamp's boot. It is said that when he had got near home he denied ever having been at Frankfort. It is said that when he was arrested he had about him a dirk, with rather a broad blade made exceedingly sharp, not so broad as the wound in the deceased, but with which it might have been made if drawn out obliquely. The delicate matter of which the paper did not speak was that Beauchamp's murder of Sharp was an honor killing. Sharp, some years prior, had an affair with the woman whom Beauchamp later married, which affair cul- minated in a pregnancy and a still-born child. During the election campaign, one of Sharp's people started a rumor that Beauchamp's wife had given birth to a mulatto child, implying that she had an affair with one of her family's servants. Beauchamp was subsequently arrested, tried, convicted, and condemned to death (by a non-Relief judge). While this murder, investigation and trial were transpiring, the case of Isaac B. Desha was continuing. First, Desha was re-tried, again found guilty, and again granted a new trial. The newspapers of the state were abuzz with discus- sion of this trial since the judge was temporarily appointed to fill a vacancy by the Governor who knew that this appointee would probably hear preside over his son's case, and because the new trial was granted on a hyper-technical matter of law (on a post-verdict motion by the defense that the Commonwealth Attorney had not proven that the murder took place in Fleming County, which, the Commonwealth Attorney said, was immaterial since that would only have established Fleming County as the venue of the case and the case had already been removed to another County). Then, while on bail waiting yet another trial, and apparently keeping himself continuously intoxicated, Desha attempted to commit suicide, and cut his throat badly. The news of this attempted suicide was reported at the same time as that of Beauchamp's execution. The physicians who attended Desha were able to save his life with the aid of a silver tube connecting his severed windpipe, and his case was continued pending his recovery. Beauchamps' execution was a spectacle. His wife, the woman for whom he had committed his crime, joined him in his prison cell the evening prior to his scheduled execution, and they attempted to commit suicide together by stab- bing themselves. She was successful but he was not nearly so. The next morning, when they were discovered, he was bandaged up and then taken to the scaffold- ing that had been erected. There, after the requisite prayers and hymns, and also after an exchange with a person thought to have been involved in the murder which led eventually to yet another twist in the story, he was hanged. The Beauchamp-Sharp affair would become romanticized as "The Kentucky 464 Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 465 FIGURE 1. Specie-value of Kentucky Banknotes (Frankfort Argus and Commentator, Lexington Gazette, Reporter and Western Monitor, Louisville Focus, Morning Call and Public Advertiser; and, Grotjan's and U.S. Gazette of Philadelphia) 100 to so • • e. • cm ...'" 9`? cr' s3. 8 006 Aincro-3,J 80 Q cgo<. 60 40 --- Bank of Kentucky –s-'— Bank of the Commonwealth 1 \ d .3), P 'V o 6:? I ' cfff--Q-00 -0cf-cPcb 9/1818 9/1819 9/1820 9/1821 9/1822 9/1823 9/1824 9/1825 9/1826 9/1827 9/1828 Tragedy," and gain a life of its own in poetry, literature and theater. The Sharp murder dominated the election of 1826. In the election, the Old Court party gained control of the upper house of the state legislature and retained control of the lower house. The new state legislature subsequently repealed the state's replevy law and resolved the court controversy in favor of the "Old Court." And, the notes of the Bank of the Commonwealth lost much of their remaining "moneyness." WRAPPING THINGS UP From the standpoint of money and banking, Kentucky's experience with irredeemable paper money led, eventually, to a new majority in the state, one favoring sound money and the upholding of contractual obligations. The support of sound money meant, during the remaining term of the Bank of the United States, that the unit of account and the main medium of exchange in the state were coins and the notes of the branches of the Bank of the United States in the state. Following President Jackson's veto of the re-chartering of the Bank of the United States, the state chartered three large, well-capitalized banks, the (new) Bank of Kentucky, the Bank of Louisville, and the Northern Bank of Kentucky. These and other banks subsequently chartered by the state were required to maintain a specie reserve. With but a couple exceptions, they were specie-paying banks through the remaining antebellum period except for times of general suspension in the country. Turning to Isaac B. Desha, he recovered enough so that, in mid 1827, he could again be tried. However, the court was unable to empanel a jury as his lawyers made many preemptory challenges of prospective members. The judge 466 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money in this trial, who was not a Relief man, was going to hold Desha without bail until the next session of the court. But, Governor Desha, who was present in the court house at the time, proceeded to grant his son a pardon, and give a long speech lambasting the judge. Following his release, Isaac B. Desha next showed up in the newspapers in conjunction with the murder and highway robbery of another person, in Texas, where he was traveling under an alias but recognized by a former Kentuckian by reason of family resemblance and his silver tube. While awaiting trial there, he "confessed" to his true identity. The reporter or editor worded this so as to further incriminate him, and then he apparently committed suicide. A letter from Texas provides the following details: Last April Desha arrived here on board the schooner Light of Man, from New Orleans, in company of a man by the name of Thomas or John Early, of Brown County, Ohio, who visited this country for the purpose of removing his family here. Desha passed by the name of John Parker. They arrived in this town [San Felipe de Austin] early in May, and remained only a few days here, and left ... for San Antonio. When they left, Desha was without funds and Early had a pretty smart sum with him. Desha arrived in San Antonio without Early, and spent the money freely. On his return to this place, I had him arrested, and sent some men today to examine for the body of said Early. The evidence that I have been able to collect, as yet, is very strong against him, and I am very much afraid that he has murdered his companion. Finally, I will mention that, in the elections of 1828, an Old Court man, Thomas Metcalf, was elected to succeed Governor Desha. In his first annual message to the state legislature, Governor Metcalf spoke to the proper role of government in light of the ordeal through which the state had passed. The legitimate design of the best government is to preserve to all the cit- izens equal enjoyment of the absolute rights of personal security and pri- vate property, and the relative rights, civil, social and domestic, of ratio- nal and virtuous freemen ... Kentucky has unhappily, for years past, been harassed by angry contro- versy. This conflict has left but little worthy to be remembered ... Public opinion acknowledges no superior ... it is the arbiter, in the last resort, of all our rights ... \Arhat then are the elements of our political power and safety? The aggregate mind and morals of our freemen. The wise man clings to rea- son and justice and religion ... as the strong anchor[s] of liberty. Without the prevalence of these peaceful guardians, he has no security and no rational hope. Whenever these predominate, there is "no one to make him afraid." So long as they exercise a controlling influence, he knows that his peace will be undisturbed, his rights respected, and his country exalted. Governor Metcalf expressed the "Old Court" or Constitutionalist view of the rights of man. To be sure, public opinion is acknowledged to be the final arbiter of our rights. But, while this much is admitted, public opinion does not define our rights. Our rights, some of which are absolute, exist independently of public opinion. Accordingly, we need to anchor public opinion in reason, justice and religion. Otherwise, I will add, our hope is that, when public policies violate our rights to be secure in our persons and our property, public opinion will change upon the demonstration of the disastrous consequences of those poli- cies, in terms, yes, of poor economic performance, but also in terms of political conflict and social upheaval. THE WI NCH ESTER BANK ,/,// n., Onenalar, 'Tr NATIONAL CURRENCY. =" ft-A - - 7:IItY11) - n. 8,e4Y,W8 — ' - - " — • (4 , 1,3E37 iiiihtlicit.Vt. erripolinr at 14tiliimiton 10,1 P ,,u TEN vol ,,„ An Invitation from The NEW HAMPSHIRE CURRENCY STUDY Project Q. DAVID BOWERS and DAVID M. SUNDMAN are involved in a long-term project to describe the history of all currency issued in the State of New Hampshire, as well as to compile a detailed registry of all known notes (whether for sale or not). Our area of interest ranges from early colonial times through the Revolutionary era, the state-chartered bank years (1792-1866), and the era of National Banks (1863-1935). This will result in a book under the imprimatur of the Society of Paper Money Collectors, with help from the New Hampshire Historical Society, the Smithsonian Institution, and others. Apart from the above, David M. Sandman is president of Littleton Coin Company and Q. David Bowers is a principal of American Numismatic Rarities, LLC, and both advertisers in the present book. For other cmnnetchil transactions and business, refer to those advertisements. The ‘1111110IN of the present lath, 110IiiiiktZ a tare Series of 1902 510 National Bank Note from West Dem; Nen , Hampshire. A typical NI I Obsolete Note, this from the Winchester Bank. Series of 1882 $10 Brown Back from the lVinchester National Hank. this same buihling was used for the IVincliester Bank and its successor; the Winchester National Bank. •Iles window circa 1910, N•drionfi 115, 1/,' I f you have New Hampshire currency orold records or correspondence relating to the same, or other items of historical interest, please contact us. In addition, Bowers and Sundman are avid collectors of these bills and welcome contact from anyone having items for sale. We will pay strong prices for any items we need! Visit the Ni I Currency Study l'rojea website: wiew.nlicurreney.cont. Find a listing of New Hampshire banks that intlirt! rurmnrlt read Sal111 , 10 Chapr•rS, and more. We look Jim•ard to hearing from you! The NEW HAMPSHIRE CURRENCY STUDY Project Box 539, Wolfeboro Falls, NH 03896 E-m ail: infoqnilicurrency.com ■ lint/ e-mail will he honuded to both authors.) --/Ezsgsm■ • 1111111111•MiSMIIIIIINISIN=MI= www.nhcurrency.com Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 467 L.7 r e e .2(sv • xj• . THE BU V4.0. A Primer for Collectors BY GENE HESSLER tarts ere4:1-0 ar o•Sit PAGABILI A VISTA AL PORTATORE GOVERNATORE _ _ _ PA 4 6 2 7 9 0 W D'ITA LIA SC 0 3 9 2 5 6 C IL GOVERNATORE ,ALWASSIEPC Euros swallow up national heroes F IVE YEARS AGO MARKED A BEGINNING AND ANending. The time had arrived for countries within the European Union to share a common currency, both coins and paper money, called the Euro. During the past 150 years, engravers at security compa- nies and central banks around the world, including those to be mentioned, have created beautiful bank note images. With the intro- 5000 LI duction of Euro paper RE CAN9, money in 2002, partici- pating countries lost their identity as hereto- fore-portrayed on bank notes. The Euro notes, designed by Robert KalMa in Austria, are extremely attractive, however, they purposely lack the individuality that in the past identi- fied the bank notes of Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Three additional mem- bers of this European Union, Great Britain, Denmark and Sweden continue to use their own currency. In Austria the 5000 schilling with the image of Mozart, the 50 schilling with Sigmund Freud and the notes with other famous Austrians have disappeared. The Belgian 200-franc note with Adolph Sax, the inventor of the saxophone, is gone. Composer Jean Sibelius, honored by Finland on its 100 markaa note, can join Mozart, composer Bellini (Italy 5000 lire, above) and composer and pianist Clara Schumann (Germany 100 marks) in bank note obscurity. All can pay homage and commune with Apollo (Greece 1000 drachmai) the god of music. Paul Cezanne (France 100 francs), Raphael (Italy 500,000 lire) and Caravaggio (Italy 100,000 lire, above), artists all, have November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money retreated to their studios. Marie and Paul Curie (France 500 francs) have been banished to their laboratories. Without the architects Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (Italy 50,000 lire), Otto Wagner (Austria 500 schillings), Neuman (Germany 50 marks) and Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (France 200 francs), Europe would lack some artistic landmarks. A. von Droste-Hillshoff (Germany 20 marks), Antoine de Saint-Exupery, (France 50 francs) and the Brothers Grimm, (Germany 1000 marks), especially the latter, gave us reading pleasure as children. The world took shape from the voyages of Portuguese navigators and discoverers Henry the Navigator (10,000 escu- dos), Vasco da Gama (5000 escudos), Bartolomeu Diaz (2000 escudos), P. Alvares Cabral (1000 escudos), Spain's Hernando Cortez and Francisco Pizarro (1000 pesetas), and Italy's Columbus (Spain 5000 pesetas). These explorers and others brought back flora and fauna for scientists and botanists to study and classify: J.C. Mutis (Spain 2000 pesetas) and Maria S. Merian (Germany 500 marks). The Euro is being printed in at least six locations. Moneda & Timbre in Madrid produces notes for Spain; Joh. Enschede, in the Netherlands, prints notes for the Netherlands and Belgium; Giesecke Devrient, and the Bundesdruckerei pro- vides notes for Austria and Germany; Thomas De La Rue was chosen to provide notes for Luxembourg; and Portugal receives its notes from Oberthur in France. One of the afore- mentioned sources will provide notes for Finland, Greece, Ireland and Italy. For security and tracking purposes, I suspect there will be some minute identifying mark for each printing location. In the future I hope that the children in countries of the European Union will be told of how their countries once hon- ored some of their countrymen and women who helped to shape civilization. (Reprinted with permission from Cori World Jan. 28, 2001) 468 SC 0 39 2 5 6 C BA NCA UEMILA CI, AL PORTATO9L gi-freo *my-es , ,7k276155<1 - ..0 ..4n1C1ACA.Y6t. •_r.,Ltaattits caxAix4:4 -- K2586273* .■-,00676.4.30.0.wsv 11)()!',.tliS K2586273 A357208 WWAtnegiolits, • 1111/ CTIVITY IN THE PAPER MONEY MARKET is stron- ger than ever! We have been cherrypicking certified notes for their eye appeal, brightness of colors, excellent margins, and overall appearance, with an emphasis on popular designs and types, many of which are featured in 100 Greatest American Currency Notes by Q. David Bowers and David Sandman. WE ARE CONSTANTLY ADDING TO INVENTORY but most items are one-of-a-kind in our stock; therefore we suggest you visit our website and call immediately to make a purchase. RECEIVE OUR PAPER MONEY MAGAZINE, THE Paper Money Review. This full color publication highlights paper money in our inventory, as well as articles and features about this fascinating collecting specialty. To receive your copy send us an invoice of a previous paper money purchase. Or, if you place an order for any paper money totaling $1,000 or more you will receive the Paper Money Review AND a per- sonally autographed copy of 100 Greatest American Currency Notes with our compliments. CHECK OUT OUR OFFERING TODAY. WANT LISTS ACCEPTED! 61/ rri //I (//e C' PC/I 'lliei C ' ;K ntei' c tit (Arta ole m/wi/ We are pleased to announce the ongoing sales of the greatest hoard of bank-note printing plates, dies, and other material ever assembled. The American Bank Note Company (ABNCo) was formed in 1858 by combining seven of the most important bank note engraving firms then in business. Hundreds of printing plates and other artifacts were brought into the merger, and survive today. To these are added many other items made by ABNCo from 1858 onward, a museum quality selection. In sales in 2007 Stack's will continue to bring to market hundreds of bank note printing plates, vignette dies, cylinder dies, and other artifacts, each unique. These items are so rare that most numismatic museums and advanced collectors do not have even a single vignette die, cylinder die, or plate! If you would like to have more information, contact us by mail, phone, fax, or on our website. This is an absolutely unique opportunity! U.S. COINS • ANCIENT AND WORLD COINS • MEDALS • PAPER MONEY 11•N•G Stack's New York City: 123 West 57th Street • New York, NY 10019-2280 • Toll free: 800/566/2580 • Telephone 212/582-2580 • Fax 212115 50 B Stack's Wolfeboro, NH: P.O. Box 1804 • Wolfeboro, NH 03894 • Toll-free 866/811-1804 • 603/569-0823 • Fax 603/569-3875 • www. stacks can Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 469 - - L 1 5 69 6 9 8 7 ! 4,0 t•f"---Fr) THE UNITED STAll'ES ()IF ERICA '*"4 470 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money Circulation find: Collector receives "split" bill in change Dear Fred: I have been carrying around this dollar bill since 1995. I always though it was just a fake, but I am starting to think it is not. I have been researching paper money and can not find anything like it. Could you please look at it and give me your opinion. My Thoughts: The dollar is two separate pieces of paper. The paper appears to be the same as other money (small fibers). It has adhesive in the middle. I think it was in a section where paper was spliced together and was suppose to he thrown out. My dollar bill appears to be a unique error. I received the note new around 1996 as change from a toy store in California. I vividly remember the look on the young girl's face when she handed it to me. I noticed it was very thick. Upon closer look, I realized it was two pieces of paper with a very thick adhesive in the middle. I showed it to friends and family and everyone told me it was counterfeit. I have always been puzzled by the detail of the note and why someone would have the ability to print so well and lack the ability to print two sides. I finally took it to the Navy Federal Credit Union to more or less turn in or report. The teller explained to me that she was not able to give me another dollar for it. She proceeded to say it was counterfeit and all they would do was throw it away. I told her I would like to keep it and went on my way. Over the years I have kept it in a small pocket in my wallet and brought it out as a conversa- ,_. tion piece. Recently it came out of hiding again and I realized it was in very good shape for a counterfeit. Of course now, the internet is my main source of research and information. I start- ed looking for others like it and e-mailing experts in the field. I received many e-mails from peo- ple who had no idea what it was and some still continued to say it was counterfeit. I finally received a couple of emails that explained what exactly it was. It turns out to be an "end of roll splice error". I finally found a couple other examples and for the first time I saw a couple pictures of the same type of error. The note is not in too bad of Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 471 IN 2007, WALL STREET WILL GET ITS OWN MUSEUM Future home of the Museum of American Finance In Association with the Smithsonian Institution 48 Wall Street, New York City Experience the excitement and energy of Wall Street one block from the New York Stock Exchange. financialhistory.org O./ n.0e7^,,,, ,I Collecting Confederate Paper Money Better Attribution, Grading, and ValueTM Award-winning author and collector/dealer Pierre Fricke is helping collectors of Confederate paper money build type, rare variety and contemporary counterfeit collections. I've owned and helped others acquire: • 3 of the 5 known T-59 J Green and Son watermarked notes • 43 inverted backs and many of the known examples of the "Great Rarities" • Complete collections of Wookey Hole Mill and J Whatman watermarked notes • A complete plen error (e.g., T-43 1-10 error) set and complete collections of T-10s, T-26s and T-33s • Many T-21 and T-24 "NY" watermarked notes and Non-Collectible (NCs) rare Confederate notes • Getting started collections, type, contemporary counterfeit, T-39, 40 and 41 specialty items too Pierre Fricke; P. 0. Box 52514; Atlanta, GA 30355 www.csaquotes.com ; pfricke(&attglobal.net Buy * Sell * Auctions * New Varieties * Provenance Email or write to get your rare notes in the Census! Now7as,umoNa7 woollowalleRaDililllo, Alexandria, La. Issue Wookey Hole Mill watermarkT-23 PF-1 472 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money shape which T do know makes a big difference in value. One thing I do know from my research is that it is very unique. Others like it are in two pieces or just a very tiny adhesive mark. Mine has a very large amount of adhesive (60%) and is two complete pieces back and front. This is the first time I have put this story togeth- er since the day I received the note. I would love to get it in the magazine and have the chance to tell my story to others. I have not attempted to clean the note. I put it between two pieces of paper and in the middle of a hard back book. Sony for such a long story, but I think it is an important part of the note's history. I wish I would have preserved it years ago. Thanks for taking the time to read my email. -- Don Fox Editor's Note: Error currency experty Fred Bart confirms this unusual Federal Reserve Note's origin. He wrote: "Don's note consists of two separate pieces of paper; one from the tail end of one roll, the other from the head of the next roll. Crane actually supplies the BEP with paper in roll form. It is cut into sheets at the Bureau. Affixing one sheet to the next is a transverse band of tourquise-color adhesive, similar to paper tape used for wrapping packages. This overlapping section (with the adhesive) should have been discarded, rather than used as a sheet. Occassionally the weld or glue fails after being released but such is not the case here. We have seen other examples, which are worth several hundreds of dollars. Regards, -- Frederick J. Bart v Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *** ** ** * NUMISMANIA RARE COINS * P.O. BOX 847 -- Flemington, NJ 08822 * * Office: (908) 782-1635 Fax: (908) 782-6235 * * Jess Lipka, Proprietor * * * * * * * * * * * * * Ill *• * * * * * * * * TROPHY NATIONALS ** * * Buying All 50 States, Territorials, Entire State and * * Regional Collections, Red Seals, Brown Backs, * * Statistical Rarities, New Jersey. * * Also Buying Coin Collections and Type * * * NO DEAL TOO LARGE! ** * * ** * * * * * * * -7k * * * * * * * * * * * 473 - - • nt fir 24 .1S SE1100,15 *95-0f.% , ) U282479(_t4 - TEE.1i-* , e- TERRITORY WASHINGTO N.. 43:E=1)t4 y NOBODY* ** * PAYS MORE** 474 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money Emanuel Ninger An "Honest" Counterfeiter? by Harrison Knowlton EMANUEL NINGER, ALSO KNOWN AS"Tim the Penman" (at right), was a German painter and impressionist. Ninger moved to America with a nice sum of money, which was soon gone. This was the start of Emanuel Ninger's counterfeiting career. Ninger chose a bond paper — the best of its kind — manufactured by Crane Company of Massachusetts, who also supplied the bond paper for the United States government... and still does today. However, the paper available to Ninger did not have, of course, the red and blue fibers embedded. Only the paper sold to the government had this special characteristic. Once he cut the paper to the appropriate size, Ninger would soak it in a bath of weak coffee. This gave it a moderately circulated look and feel. While the paper was still wet, Ninger would lay it over a genuine note and begin to trace. The lathe work (more intricate detail) was only suggested by Ninger, and even with this method, he was still under the impression his notes where better than that of the Bureau. Although this process was tedious, the real work began when Ninger had to color each note with a camel-hair brush and fake the red and blue fibers with ink. Ninger was known for omitting the credit line, "Engraved & Printed at the Bureau, Engraving & Printing" and the "Act of March 3, 1863." (This act of Congress stated, "The United States will pay to bearer dollars. This note is legal tender at its face value for all debts public and private, except duties on imports and interest on the public debt.") It is believed by some that he did not use this infor- mation in an effort to be somewhat "honest." For more than 15 years Ninger suc- cessfully counterfeited $50s and $100s. One evening while relaxing at a local saloon before taking the ferry home, he requested change from the bartender. Ninger left and the bartender retrieved the note off the wet counter. As he placed the note in the till, he saw his fingertips were smeared with ink. Moments later the police found Ninger counting his change on the ferry. Ninger was arrested and sentenced to six years in prison and a one-dol- lar fine. A Secret Service officer once said after seeing Ninger's studio, "The simplest outfit, and yet it pro- duced the most dangerous counterfeits, that I ever saw." For many years one of Ninger's fakes (above) was on display at the Smithsonian Institution National Numismatic Collection exhibition in the Hall of Monetaiy History. v Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 vor*Oxix' 007N5E0)=&K.u---9.4 . '/7 , 01111*Nat '1/7////y /7/ //•/// Air:VA 'z...23-ttort,._ wmeAvOttoiei, A 11.40,64. St. Louis Welcomes 475 You to the 22n d Annual National and World Paper Money Convention Nov. 8-10, 2007 PCDA Thursday thru Saturday, IXXXXXXXX7' X10047 PCDA (FREE ADMISSION) St. Louis Airport Hilton Hotel, 10330 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, MO Rooms $99.00 Call (314) 426-5500 Rate Code PRO-1 All Paper Money Bourse Area Lyn Knight Auction Society Meetings Educational Programs Complimentary Airport Shuttle Show Hours: Thursday 9am-noon (Professional Preview) $50 fee Public Admission Noon-6pm Friday 10am-6pm Saturday 10am-6pm Bourse Applications: Kevin Foley P.O. Box 573 Milwaukee, WI 53201 414-421-3498 Email: kfoley2@wirr.com And Ron Horstman P.O. Box 2999 Leslie, MO 63056 476 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money 8th Annual George W. Wait Memorial Prize Society of Paper Money Collectors Official Announcement Purpose: The Society of Paper Money Collectors is chartered "to promote, stimulate, and advance the study of paper money and other financial documents in all their branches, along educational, historical and scientif- ic lines." The George W. Wait Memorial Prize is available annually to assist researchers engaged in important research leading to publication of book length works in the paper money field. George W. Wait, a founder and former SPMC President, was instrumental in launching the Society's successful publishing program. The George W. Wait Memorial Prize is established to memorialize his achievements/contributions to this field in perpetuity. Award: $500 will be awarded in unrestricted research grant(s). Note: the Awards Committee may decide to award this amount to a single applicant, or lesser amounts totaling $500 to more than one applicant. If, in the opinion of the Awards Committee, no qualifying applicant is found, funds will be held over. Prior Award Winners: five individuals and one group have thus far been awarded the Wait Memorial Prize. Each received the maximum award. 1st annual Wait winner was Robert S. Neale for a book on antebellum Bank of Cape Fear, NC. The 2nd went to Forrest Daniel for a manuscript on small size War of 1812 Treasury Notes, publication of which is pending. Gene Hessler was honored for a book on interna- tional bank note engravers that has recently been published. Honorees also included R. Shawn Hewitt and Charles Parrish for a book on Minnesota obsolete notes, and Michael Reynard for a book on check collecting, and Matt Janzen for a work on Wisconsin nationals. In one year, no award was made. Eligibility: Anyone engaged in important research on paper money subjects is eligible to apply for the prize. Paper Money for the purposes of this award is to be defined broadly. In this context paper money is construed to mean U.S. federal currency, bonds, checks and other obligations; National Currency and National Banks; state-chartered banks of issue, obsolete notes, bonds, checks and other scrip of such banks; or railroads, municipalities, states, or other chartered corporations; private scrip; currency substitutes; essais, proofs or specimens; or sim- ilar items from abroad; or the engraving, production or coun- terfeiting of paper money and related items; or financial histo- ry in which the study of financial obligations such as paper money is integral. Deadline for entries: March 15, 2008 A successful applicant must furnish sufficient information to demonstrate to the Society of Paper Money Collectors Awards Committee the importance of the research, the seriousness of the applicant, and the likelihood that such will be published for the consumption of the membership of SPMC and the public generally. The applicant's track record of research and publication will be taken into account in making the award. A single applicant may submit up to two entries in a sin- gle year. Each entry must be full and complete in itself. It must be packaged separately and submitted separately. All rules must be followed with respect to each entry, or disquali- fication of the non-conforming entry will result. Additional rules: The Wait Memorial Prize may be awarded to a single applicant for the same project more than once; however awards for a single project will not be given to a sin- gle applicant more than once in five years, and no applicant may win the Wait Memorial Prize in consecutive years. An applicant who does not win an annual prize may sub- mit an updated entry of the non-winning project in a subse- quent year. Two or more applicants may submit a single entry for the Wait Prize. No members of the SPMC Awards Conmittee may apply for the Wait Memorial Prize in a year he/she is a member of the awarding committee. Winner agrees to acknowledge the assistance of the Society of Paper Money Collectors and the receipt of its George W. Wait Memorial Prize in any publication of research assisted by receipt of this award and to furnish a copy of any such publication to the SPMC library. Entries must include: • the full name of the applicant(s) • a permanent address for each applicant • a telephone number for each applicant • the title of the research project/book • sufficient written material of the scope and progress of the project thus far, including published samples of portions of the research project, if appropriate Entries may also include: • the applicant's SPMC membership number(s) • the applicant's e-mail address (if available) • a bibliography and/or samples of the applicant's past pub- lished paper money research • a photograph of each applicant suitable for publicity • a publishable photograph(s) of paper money integral to the applicant's research • a statement of publishability for the project under consid- eration from a recognized publisher Judging: All entries must be received by March 15, 2008. All entries must be complete when submitted, and sufficient return postage should be included if return is desired. Address entries to SPMC, attn. Fred Reed, George W. Wait Memorial Prize, P.O. Box 793941, Dallas, TX 75379. The single, over-riding criterion for the awarding of the Wait Memorial Prize will be the importance of publication of the applicant's research to SPMC members and general pub- lic. All decisions of the Awards Committee will be final. Announcement of the awarding of the Wait Memorial Prize will be in the May/June 2008 issue of Paper Money, with subsequent news release to additional media. Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 477 W Consider your book's goals HEN PEOPLE WRITE BOOKS, THEY HAVE GOALS they want to achieve, such as: recruiting people to collect what they collect or wanting others to appreciate what they appreciate. Authors may want personal recognition as a leader in their field. They may want to contribute to society. Or they may just like to be paid for their efforts. Of course, when more than one author con- tributes to a book they each may have different goals. It is important for an author to be honest with himself about goals, because goals should dictate the best format, pricing, and pub- lisher of their hook and any updates. Hopefully a few examples will illustrate the point. Standard guide to Small-Size U.S. Paper Money now written by Schwartz and Lindquist is published by Krause and is being updated every few years. Although no other book covers small size U.S. currency in the same detail, this book is essentially a price guide. Some new varieties have been added, but most of the value of this book comes from listing market prices. It is just about the mini- mal size needed for such a book, does not have color photos, and is published by Krause. With these choices, the authors have made sure the bookwill reach a broad base of collectors at a minimal price. We can compare this to Silent Witnesses: Civilian Camp honey of World War II by Ray Feller and Steve Feller. One of the major goals of this book is to foster appreciation of World War II civilian camp money. Although it may have not been an explicit goal, my guess is that a secondary goal of the authors is to contribute to society. Ray and Steve have written a book full of photos and color scans that add SPMC Librarian's Notes By Jeff Brueggeman, PhD in a major way to the presentation of the material. In addition, they have chosen the perfect publisher in BNR Press. BNR Press has an expertise in this area. While it would be great for this book to gain access to chains such as Barnes & Nobles, it would not have nearly the public appeal as the Schwartz and Lindquist hook. For a third example, consider Pierre Fricke's Collecting Confederate Paper Money which was published by R.M. Smythe. Pierre's main goal seems to be to increase the number of collectors of Confederate paper money. He has attained this goal in several ways. In his book, he explicitly gives several ways to collect Confederate money. He has difficult goals, easy goals, and expensive goals. He also furthered his interests by having R.M Smythe as the publisher. In addition to publishing, R.M. Smythe is also an auctioneer and retail seller of Confederate material whose goal as a company is not profit above all else. So Pierre has aligned his interests with those of his publisher. Although it is a very large book, the price is very rea- sonable. Pierre and R.M. Smythe may have been able to make a larg- er profit per book, but they chose to position the price so as to make a reasonable profit and sell many books. In addition to this, Pierre has added a S10 e-Book edition of his book on his website. Providing this option is an easy and inexpensive way for anyone to learn about Confederate paper money. Hopefully authors will be honest with themselves concerning their true goals, and will not choose price points and formats which maximize the economic benefits of writing their books. After the book has been written, authors may try to think of what the material is worth to a collector or dealer. If the goal of an author is to have more people appreciate the material, think instead of what it would take to get a more casual reader to pick up your book. • WANTED: New Advertisers The quality of our SPMC Journal and information available to YOU depends on the quality and quantity of our ADVERTISERS It's a fact: advertising plays an important role in funding this high quality magazine Dues only cover part of costs Our advertisers do more than sell you notes; They bring you our magazine -- So pay them back with gratitude: your business! Buying & Selling Quality Collector Currency •Colonial & Continental Currency •Fractional Currency •Confederate & Southern States Currency • Confederate Bonds •Large Size & Small Size Currency Always BUYING All of the Above Call or Ship for Best Offer Free Pricelist Available Upon Request James Polis 4501 Connecticut Avenue NW Suite 306 Washington, DC 20008 (202) 363-6650 Fax: (202) 363-4712 E-mail: Jpolis7935@aol.com Member: SPMC, FCCB, ANA I I I I I I I I I I I I a 478 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money I "Certified and Graded Notes" DIDN'T LIKE THE IDEA OF PACKAGING NOTES in plastic envelopes from the very beginning. It only made sense to me where very large quantities of a particular note existed. For example, if there were 1,000 510 Bison notes extant, grading from rags to Gem Uncirculated, then it is logi- cal that condition of the notes would have a major bearing on their individual values. The numismatic hobby is rife with stories of enthusiastic newcomers who bought without understanding the grade or condition of a note, but relied on the seller's grade and price. Later to discover when they tried to sell the note that it really wasn't the grade or value they had paid for. Thus they became discouraged and gave up the hobby. Therefore to add assurance to novice buyers or "investors" looking to flip notes for a profit, the need for a universally accepted grading service existed. If a note is rare, the principal part of its value is in its rari- ty. A unique note probably has the same value whether it is graded VF 35 or AU 55. Who cares what num- ber was assigned by some grader? I cringe when I see rare notes pack- aged and graded GOOD or FINE It occurs to me... Steve Whitfield 15, etc. The packaging makes it difficult for a knowledgeable collector to properly evaluate the note. It also constricts the venues for exhibiting the note. And there are only arbitrary "standards" for grading in the first place. Different graders frequently mean different grades for the very same note. For example, a recommended way to "make money" for coin collectors is to "crack out" large numbers of graded coins and resubmit them to another grading service in hopes of get- ting higher grades assigned. There is enough potential of get- ting a higher grade that it makes it worthwhile to pay the grading fees over and over until someone gives your coin the grade you want. This may already be happening in notes and, if not, it probably will. The problem is amplified because of the very large pric- ing differences between number grades from MS 60 to MS 70. A note graded MS 67 can be priced hundreds, if not thou- sands, of dollars more than one graded MS 66. I have trouble believing that anyone can tell the difference, consistently, between a grade of 66 and 67. The bottom line is, if you are going to be spending large amounts of money on rare bank notes, you should first take the time to learn how to grade and authenticate them yourself. Then if you feel more comfortable with a grading service number and a plastic holder, go ahead and have it graded. At least you'll know in advance what the grade should be. That's how it looks to me anyway. If you have different views on grading paper money let me know. You can write to me in care of the Editor. He'll forward your responses. -- Steve Whitfield Paper Money lauded THIS YEAR ONCE AGAIN OUR SPMC JOURNALwas recognized by outsiders as being one of the best in our hobby. We would like to thank the American Numismatic Association and the Numismatic Literary Guild for these laurels, which truly honor the writers whose works appeared in Paper Money in 2006/07. Take a bow; you know who you are. Since this is practically an annual affair, it goes far to prove my contention that our authors are the best in the business. May their numbers providentially increase! This time around, ANA's club publications contest voted Paper Money its third-place award in national club publica- tions, behind the Casino Chip magazine and the John Reich journal, which both deserve congratulations. NLG cited our Jan/Feb 2007 issue on Alexander Hamilton as its Best Issue among large club publications (a category which also includes the magazines produced by the ANA and the ANS). Since that issue was a joint effort of the Society and the Museum of American Finance, our hats are off to Kristin Aguilara, editor of Financial History, and our Vice President Mark Anderson Who served as liaison in the effort. Illustrations of the awards may be viewed in a future issue of this publication. NLG also awarded past Paper Money Editor Gene Hessler its coveted highest honor "The Clemy" for his lifetime contri- butions to numismatic research and publication. Gene is, of course, the author of several award winning books including The Comprehensive Catalog of U.S. Paper Money (7 editions); The Engraver's Line, an encyclopedia of -paper money and postage stamp art; An Illustrated History of U.S. Loans, 1775-1898; U.S. Essay, Proof and Specimen Notes (two editions); The International Engraver's Line, and many hundreds of research and feature articles. He has also been a columnist for The Numismatist and Coin World. He edited this journal for more than 14 years. Our Society has awarded him two Nathan Gold Memorial Lifetime Achievement Awards, an Award of Merit, several lit- erary awards and numerous Julian Blanchard Awards. He is currently in his 21st year of service on our Board. I've been proud to call Gene a friend for more than 30 years, and consider him the greatest living U.S. paper money scholar. I am eagerly anticipating his next book venture. After five years of work, Gene is on the verge of publishing his autobiography, which covers his years as a professional musi- cian at Carnegie Hall and with touring bands, his stints as curator of the Chase National Bank Money Museum and Eric Newman's first money museum in St. Louis, as well as his internationally acclaimed research and publishing ventures. "Phis one should be one good read, as they say. MYLAR CURRENCY HOLDERS BEST QUALITY -- LOWEST PRICES 100 500 1000 Small (2 7/8" x 6 1/2") $39 $160 $300 Large (3 1/2" x 8") $44 $175 $320 Auction/Check (3 3/4" x 9") $48 $200 $360 Payment by check or money order. All prices include shipping. NY State residents must add sales tax or provide completed resale form.You may combine sizes for lowest rate. For more information, please see our website at www.sellitstore.com Linda and Russell Kaye, Life member, ANA, SPMC Sell itstore, Inc. P.O. Box 635, Shrub Oak, NY 10588 HARRY IS BUYING NATIONALS — LARGE AND SMALL UNCUT SHEETS TYPE NOTES UNUSUAL SERIAL NUMBERS OBSOLETES ERRORS HARRY E. JONES 7379 Pearl Rd. #1 Cleveland, Ohio 44130-4808 1-440-234-3330 DO YOU COLLECT FISCAL PAPER? Join the American Society of Check Collectors http://members.aol.com/asccinfo or write to Lyman Hensley, 473 East Elm St., Sycamore, IL 60178. Dues are $13 per year for US residents, $17 for Canadian and Mexican residents, and $23 for those in foreign locations. Paper Money • November/December • Whole No. 252 NEW MEMBERS MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR Frank Clark P.O. Box 117060 Carrollton, TX SPMC NEW MEMBERS - 09/05/2007 These memberships expire 12/31/2007. 12358 Barbara E. Lyon, PO Box 71, North Bridgton, ME 04057 (C, Obsoletes, Fractionals, Confederate, and Southern State), Website 12359 William Swagman (C), BNR 12360 Michael Szkrybalo, 10512 Oak View Dr, Austin, TX 78759 (US Large & Small, Nationals), Website 12361 Jim White, 165 Sunset Hills NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49534 (C), Website 12362 Donald J. Schultz, 501 Edgerton St Apt E2, Minoa, NY 13116 (C, US Large & Small, Obsoletes, Confederate, Tom Denly 12363 Charles R. Lipcon (C), Website 12364 Donald H. Karsten, 27 Mattheson Rd, Antrium, NH (C, US Small), Tom Denly 12365 Michael McDaniel (D), Larry Adams 12366 Anthony J. Swiatek, PO Box 218, Manhasset, NY 11020 (D), Judith Murphy 12367 Tim Day (C), Judith Murphy 12368 Thomas D. Dombrowski, 4052 N. 39th, Milwaukee, WI 53216-1641 (C & D), Judith Murphy & Wendell Wolka 12369 Zachary Beasley, C/O Beast Coins, PO Box 510897, New Berlin, WI 53151 (C & D, Obsoletes), Judith Murphy & Wendell Wolka 12370 Jorge Garcia, PO Box 70983, Houston, TX 77270 (D, Obsoletes), Judith Murphy 12371 Douglas McKernan (C), Wendell Wolka 12372 Nicholas Cheung, PO Box 1085, Boston, MA 021 17- 1085 (C, 1963 to Present FRN's, World, Europe), Website REINSTATEMENTS 8228 Rick Rounds (C), Robert Schreiner DO YOU COLLECT FISCAL PAPER? Write about your specialty for Paper Money Articles on checks, bonds, stocks Always wanted Our SPMC Journal exists to fulfill our mandate to promote education in all these fiscal paper areas So spread your knowledge around to our members 479 '1111.; l Nir11:111 STVI`ES OFANIEll Littleton Coin Company Contact us: Toll Tree: (800) 581-2646 Toll-Free Fax: (877) 850-3540 CoinBuy@LittletonCoin. corn References: Bank of America Dun & Bradstreet #01 -892 -9653 1309 Mt. Eustis Road • Littleton NH 03561 -3735 480 November/December • Whole No. 252 • Paper Money LITTLETON COIN COMPANY • SERVING COLLECTORS for OVER 60 YEARS Selling your collection? Call Littleton! you've worked hard to build your paper moneycollection. When its time to sell, you want a company that's as thorough and attentive as you are. At Littleton, our team of professionals is ready to offer you expert advice, top-notch service, and a very strong cash offer. See why collectors like you have rated this family-owned company so highly. Call us at 1-800-581-2646 and put Littleton's 135+ years of combined buying experience to work for you! /AV, LI 722,, .:1-u-letr ;,,,Ittr °I 030011411#11Ik PITTSBURGHam. II10141ALIACKM1111k3lop ./E,,- An: imsiLl 4Ar tgfilka!* with WANTED: All types - Legal Tenders, Silver Certificates, Nationals, Federal Reserve Notes and wore. 7 Reasons you should sell to Littleton... 1 Receive top dollar for your collection - immediately 2 Quick turnaround - accept our offer and we'll send you a check the very same day 3 Single notes to entire collections 4 Deal with a company that has a solid reputation built from more than 60 years of service 5 You can rely on our professionals for accuracy and expert advice b Why travel? Send us your collection, or if it's too large and value requires, we'll come to you - call for details 7 Each year we spend over $15 million on coins and paper money - isn't it time for your check? Maynard Sundrnan David Sundman Jim Reardon Founder -President, Numismatist Chief Numismatist ANA 151 #4463, I'NG #510) Butch Caswell Ken Westover Josh Caswell Senior Numismatist Numismatist Numismatist Over 60 Years of Friendly Service to Collectors ©2006 LCC, Inc. LittletonCoin.com 841464 OUR MEMBERS SPECIALIZE IN OBSOLETE CURRENCY They also specialize in Large Size Type Notes, Small Size Currency, National Currency, Colonial and Continental Currency, Fractionals, Error Notes, MPC's, Confederate Currency, Encased Postage, Stocks and Bonds, Autographs and Documents, World Paper Money .. . and numerous other areas. THE PROFESSIONAL CURRENCY DEALERS ASSOCIATION is the leading organization of OVER 100 DEALERS in Currency, Stocks and Bonds, Fiscal Documents and related paper items. PCDA • Hosts the annual National and World Paper Money Convention each fall in St. Louis, Missouri. Please visit our Web Site pcdaonline.com for dates and location. • Encourages public awareness and education regarding the hobby of Paper Money Collecting. • Sponsors the John Hickman National Currency Exhibit Award each June at the Memphis Paper Money Convention, as well as Paper Money classes at the A.N.A.'s Summer Seminar series. • Publishes several "How to Collect" booklets regarding currency and related paper items. Availability of these booklets can be found in the Membership Directory or on our Web Site. • Is a proud supporter of the Society of Paper Money Collectors. TO be assured of knowledgeable, professional, and ethical dealings when buying or selling currency, look for dealers who proudly display the PCDA emblem. The Professional Currency Dealers Association For a FREE copy of the PCDA Membership Directory listing names, addresses and specialties of all members, send your request to: PCDA James A. Simek — Secretary P.O. Box 7157 • Westchester, IL 60154 (630) 889-8207 Or Visit Our Web Site At: www.pcdaonline.com To receive a complimentary book or catalog of your choice, register online at HA.com/ PM6051, or call 866-835-3243 and mention reference #PM6051. Allen Mincho, Ext. 1327 Allen@HA.com Director of Auctions Len Glazer, Ext. 1390 Len@HA.com Director of Auctions Allen Mincho, Director of Auctions #2 IN A SERIES AUCTION LEADERSHIP HOW DOES HERITAGE ACHIEVE SUCH HIGH PRICES? IT'S ALL ABOUT THE BEAUTIFUL RAPPORT BETWEEN PEOPLE AND MACHINES! OK. If you know me for more than ten minutes, you realize that I am not "technology-driven:' I don't dislike computers - I just see them as useful tools. It wouldn't be possible to present the wonderful currency that we sell to 300,000+ possible clients in any other manner. Plus, computers are great tools for preparing our catalogs, as they allow me to focus on describing the notes and not worry about production issues. With your free membership at HA.com, you can view all the information on every one of 200,000+ currency lots that we've auctioned over the last decade (catalog descriptions, full-color enlargeable images, and prices realized). Finally, our incredible images could only be delivered through the Worldwide Web. Great technology. Still, I see all of Heritage's technological leadership as tools to be used to reinforce personal relationships, with both our consignors and bidders. Yes, it's easier to reach more people with a superior product, but we never forget that our clients buy their notes from people they trust. Everything that Len and I do is designed to reinforce that trust, and has been from the first. We're not neo-Luddites, we just prefer people! We personally enjoy leading Heritage's currency team, in every aspect of examining, researching, lotting, and cataloging - all so we can sell your notes for top dollar. We especially appreciate more people bidding - and Heritage sells more rare currency to more collectors (versus only dealers bidding for inventory) than any other auction firm. Our bidders demand fresh material, and we depend on our long-standing personal relationships to bring important consignments to market. For decades, Len and I have known the players. We speak their language, and we understand their motivations for collecting - and ultimately for selling. Most of these are business relationships, but they are also friends. We helped them grow in the hobby, in knowledge and experience. As important as it was to help build a great collection, our service to our clients doesn't end until we help them realize the maximum prices in the marketplace. Heritage's technological leadership certainly helps them make the selling decision, as they recognize the importance of reaching the maximum number of qualified bidders in setting price records. The pride they felt in assembling an important collection is matched by their pride in selling in the highest quality catalog — and one that is forever enshrined in our Permanent Auction Archives at HA.com . Len and I have been generous with our time over many decades helping several generations of collectors. We have sold hundreds of millions of dollars of rare currency, but serving our clients has never ended with simply selling. We are all just temporary guardians of these numismatic treasures, and someday the pride of ownership will pass to new collectors. Our job isn't finished until our successful buyers become successful sellers; until their buying decisions are validated by new bidders willing to pay top dollar to share in that pride of ownership. To that end, Heritage's technology has become an indispensable tool! You'll just have to forgive me if I would rather talk to you on the phone than IM or email. And when the time comes to sell the important collections we have helped assemble, Len and I would rather personally come to your bank, home, or office. We want to look you in the eye when we decide together whether auction or private- treaty is your best option. That's part of how we define service. And while other dealers can provide personal service, nobody else has Heritage's technological leadership to back it up! If you have any questions, please give us a call. The World's #1 Numismatic Auctioneer HERITAGE CM) Auction/ cailerac, CALL TODAY TO CONSIGN TO F.U.N. 2008! Consignment deadline Nov. 15, 2007 Annual Sales Exceeding $500 Million • 300,000+ Online Registered Bidder-Members 3500 Maple Avenue, 17th Floor • Dallas, Texas 75219 • or visit HA.com • 214.528.3500 • FAX: 214.409.1425 • e-mail: Consign@HA.com HERITAGE NUMISMATIC AUCTIONS, INC.: CA Bond #RSB2004175, Florida AB665, Ohio 2006000050. CURRENCY AUCTIONS OF AMERICA: Florida AB 2218. Auctioneers: Leo Frese: Florida AU 1059, California #RSB2004176, New York City 1094965. Samuel Foose: Texas 11727, California #RSB2004178, Florida AU3244, Ohio 2006000048, New York City 0952360, Phoenix 07102052, and North Carolina 8373. Jim Fitzgerald: Texas Associate 16130. Mike Sadler: Texas Associate 16129. Scott Peterson: Texas 13256, Florida AU3021. Robert Korver: North Carolina 8363, Ohio 2006000049, Phoenix 07102049, Texas 13754, Wisconsin 2412-52, and New York City 1096338. This auction subject to a 15% buyer's premium. 6051