Paper Money - Vol. XXXIII, No. 5 - Whole No. 173 - September - October 1994

I JUSTICE VOL. XXXIII No. 5 WHOLE No. 173 it We Buy, Sell & Auction The Very Best In Paper Money, Stocks & Bonds, Coins & Autographs 1.4 S4AMOKIN r fl Tots CEivrivics THAT IINPONVIIIII IN Tiff: B285804661- 29645711:-'- *********** ********* - -** -ti-********7r*** Accepting Consignments Now for Major Public and Mail Bid Auctions in 1994 & 1995. Call or write for further information. **************************************** Cit.M.SMYTHE) Send for our latest fixed price list of stocks and bonds. Pcda 26 Broadway Suite 271 New York, NY 10004-1701 E 9TAflLI9HE El 10!***4141:00. ptit 7 NOIR ,10,11 4111J” R. MEMBER TOLL FREE 800-622-1880 NY 212-943-1880 FAX: 212-908-4047 Can dm.ftte , odate6Y... S( )C I ET Y OF PAPER \IONEY COLLECTORS I NC'. Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 153 PAPER MONEY is published every other month beginning in January by The Society of Paper Money Collectors. Second class postage paid at Dover, DE 19901. Postmaster send address changes to: Bob Cochran, Secretary, P.O. 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All advertising copy and correspondence should be sent to the Editor. Official Bimonthly Publication of The Society of Paper Money Collectors, Inc. Vol. XXXIII No. 5 Whole No. 173 SEPT/OCA 1994 ISSN 0031-1162 GENE HESSLER, Editor, P.O. Box 8147, St. Louis, MO 63156 Manuscripts (mss), not under consideration elsewhere, and publications for review should be sent to the Editor. Accepted mss will be published as soon as possible; however, publication in a specific issue cannot be guaranteed. Opinions expressed by authors do not necessarily reflect those of the SPMC. Mss are to be typed on one side only, double-spaced with at least one-inch margins. A copy should be retained by the author. The author's name, ad- dress and telephone number should appear on the first page. In addition, you may also submit a copy on a 31/2 or 5I/4 inch MS DOS disk, identified with the name and version of software used: Microsoft Word, Word Perfect or text (ASCII) are preferred. Avoid unnecessary carriage returns, spaces, tabs and formatting. Avoid tabs or extra lines to begin paragraphs, and in tables use only one tab per column. If disk is submitted, double-spaced printout must accompany disk. IN THIS ISSUE SORTING THE ISSUES OF NEW YORK CITY Stephen M. Goldberg 155 SCRIPOPHILY: AN EXCITING NEW FIELD! Pierre Bonneau 160 PAPER MONEY COUNTERFEITERS AND MR. STANTON Brent Hughes 161 THE BUCK STOPS HERE: A PRIMER FOR COLLECTORS Gene Hessler 168 MONEY TALES Forrest W. Daniel 168 MODERN FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE SHEETS Patricia Glover 169 CATALOG OF ENVELOPED POSTAGE Milton R. Friedberg 170 THE DEMAND NOTE SIGNERS Forrest W. Daniel 173 TWO UNIQUE INTEREST-BEARING TREASURY NOTES Gene Hessler 174 GREEN GOODS GAME Forrest W. Daniel 176 SOCIETY FEATURES NOTES FROM ALL OVER 177 CONTRIBUTORS TO SPMC PUBLICATIONS FUND 177 MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS 178 AWARDS AT MEMPHIS 179 NEW MEMBERS 179 MONEY MART 179 ON THE COVER is a G.EC. Smillie engraving of Justice. Examples ere issued by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing at the 1994 FUN Show. Change of address, and inquiries conceming non-delivery of PAPER MONEY and for additional copies of this issue, contact the Secretary; the address is on the next page. Page 154 Paper Money Whole No. 173 SOCIETY OF PAPER MONEY COLLECTORS OFFICERS PRESIDENT JUDITH MURPHY, P.O. Box 24056, Winston Salem, NC 27114 VICE-PRESIDENT DEAN OAKES, Drawer 1456, Iowa City, IA 52240 SECRETARY ROBERT COCHRAN, P.O. Box 1085, Florissant, MO 63031 TREASURER TIM KYZIVAT, P.O. Box 803, LaGrange, IL 60525 APPOINTEES EDITOR GENE HESSLER, P.O. Box 8147, St. Louis, MO 63156 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR RON HORSTMAN, Box 2999, Leslie, MO 63056 WISMER BOOK PROJECT STEVEN K. WHITFIELD, 14092 W. 115th St., Olathe, KS 66062 LEGAL COUNSEL ROBERT J. GALIEI 1E, 10 Wilcox Lane, Avon, CT 06001 LIBRARIAN To be appointed. PAST-PRESIDENT AUSTIN M. SHEHEEN Jr., P.O. 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Members who join after Oct. 1st will have their dues paid through December of the following year. They will also receive, as a bonus, a copy of the magazine issued in November of the year in which they joined. BOGGS BOOKS: The Life and Work of "Money Artist" J.S.G. Boggs Weschler, Lawrence, Shapinshy's Karma, Boggs's Bills, and Other True-Life Tales, North Point Press, San Francisco, CA 1988, 260pp, 8vo, cloth with D/J, $20 The Tampa Museum of Art, Boggs smart money (HARD CURRENCY), Tampa Museum of Art, Tampa, FL, 1990. 4Opp, oblong small 4to, card cover, $30 Please include $5.00 postage and handling per order Wayne K. Homren • 1810 Antietam Street • Pittsburgh, PA 15206 (412) 361-2722 7N:7:l0f Art'S,4 Neei/zet/&/47:;_/.1( Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 155 Sorting the Issues of NEW YORK CITY by STEPHEN M. GOLDBERG C OLLECTORS of paper money of the eighteenth cen- tury, when the overwhelming bulk of the notes were issued by the colonial or state governments, have a relative y easy time sorting and displaying their collections. The usual arrangement is no more than state, issue, and denomination, and the handful of non-government notes of the period can be treated separately. For the obsolete issues of the nineteenth century, however, the welter of emissions has led to a more or less standard sorting by state and location, within which the notes are arranged alphabetically by issuer. For inventories, auction catalogs, and reference books, an al- phabetical arrangement is perfectly satisfactory, as it permits a quick, convenient examination. But for the display of a collec- tion, it leaves much to be desired, as it mixes together issues of different purposes, chronologies, and styles, as well as different degrees of legality. The situation is particularly annoying for collectors of notes of the larger cities where the number of issues of all types can be quite large, making an alphabetical ar- rangement visually confusing and random in appearance. The notes were hardly issued in alphabetical order and there is no particular reason why they should be displayed that way. My own nineteenth century interest lies with local New York City history and this article describes my attempt to sort the issues into an arrangement consistent with this theme. Although I have a very modest collection, the notes that I currently own fall, at the moment, into five clear categories— three categories of bank notes and two of scrip. My definitions of bank note and scrip are a little loose but my purpose is to make some sense of the issues and judicial exactitude is best left to legal briefs. Each category is further subdivided, where warranted, into appropriate chronological subsections and only then do I alphabetize. The advantage of the scheme be- comes fairly obvious: issues of like kind, purpose, and time period are grouped together and the visual appearance of the display is much more ordered because notes in the same cate- gory or subcategory are often stylistically similar. There are, however, at least two obvious drawbacks: notes of the same is- suer may belong to different sections of the collection and the distinction between some categories is not sharp and may lead to questions of proper placement; but these problems are minor and can be dealt with situationally. The three categories of bank notes are government- authorized bank and corporate notes, unauthorized bank notes of authorized issuers, and fraudulent bank and corporate notes. The government-authorized notes were the legal paper money of the period and the issues are further subdivided into two groups—issues of the legislatively chartered banks and cor- porations and those of the administratively incorporated (free) banks. The historical dividing line, here, is the General Banking Act of 1838 which established free banking in the state. An example of a note from the chartered group is shown in Figure 1, a $10 note of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com- pany, printed by Fairman, Draper, Underwood and Company and issued on October 5, 1835. The note shows a vignette of Mercury on the dock and although it is worn and aged, exhibits a reddish cast. It was evidently printed on a salmon- or pink- colored paper. The Washington design element is identical to that appearing sixteen years later on a common fifty-cent note of R. Lefferts, Brooklyn, and printed by Danforth, Bald and Company. Albion, in The Rise of New York Port, informs us that the Delaware and Hudson Company—no "Canal'tbuilt a rail- road from the Lackawanna coal fields to the Delaware River near Honesdale, Pennsylvania, in order to transport the coal to its canal, which ran 106 miles to the Hudson River at a point opposite Kingston, New York. The coal was then taken to the Port of New York by ship. The company was also the beneficiary of the warfare waged by Jay Gould and Jim Fisk of the Erie Railway in their attempt to take over the Albany and Susquehanna line. It was one of the very few corporations not a bank that ever had the explicit legal right to issue notes in Fig. 1. Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, $10, October 5, 1835, a government-authorized corporate note. Fig. 2. Chemical Bank, $5, October 9, 1856, a government -authorized free bank issue. et-T•i) -1143ZragErit-IM SCCrl lin BY I'LEDGE OF REAL , 11 7/2/-4 />iai 44/...}.28Y-TEdR.r) /7/(',//.74 1/// //%/ i .',///r"///ii;;// ./jri.oir.1/r/;:27/1/Z /h. 7/ 'fp/47(i; ( NNWITIM ; 1:A:1>i--c:Z77:•-z,i‘-,-.. Cash! -ee C.6104.74012_ Page 156 Paper Money Whole No. 173 New York State. It gave up its canal company charter in 1844 and genuine notes are very uncommon today. out pretty quickly that there were reptiles with mammalian traits and mammals with reptilian traits, there are unauthor- An illustration of a free bank issue is shown in Figure 2, a $5 bill from the Chemical Bank, printed by Danforth, Wright and Company and issued on October 9, 1856. Two three-quarter length female figures constitute the design. The Chemical Bank began life as the New York Chemical Manufacturing Company with a charter originally requiring that the company not en- gage in banking beyond that necessary to conduct its principal business. Its chemical manufactory is long gone but the bank became a free bank in 1844 and is still with us. In fact, my credit card from the bank is my last formal tie to New York. I was exiled to Maryland a few years ago. An early issue would be sorted into the first subcategory. The category of unauthorized notes of authorized issuers in- cludes post notes omitted after they were outlawed by the state, and other note-like instruments. It is intended to hold notes clearly issued beyond a bank's authority to do so but likely placed into circulation in a desperate attempt by bank officials to keep a failing bank afloat. My choice of the terminology "authorized" versus "unauthorized" was made in the interest of simplicity and to avoid the categorization of issues by legality which would have involved a good deal of study, but the present choice is no better. Authorized notes are those for which specific legislative permission exists, and unauthorized notes are everything else, or so I thought. But just as an amateur fossil hunter who understands the differences between reptiles and mammals on the basis of currently existing species finds ized notes that were nevertheless authorized. Toward the end of the eighteenth century and early in the nineteenth, the crea- tion of corporations with the rights of persons was a bit of a novelty and the thrust of the legislation was to give rights to corporations that, under common law, already existed for in- dividuals and business associations. Until certain restraining acts removed these rights, the private performance of those functions that one would understand today as banking, in par- ticular the issuance of notes indicating a liability of the in- dividual or business association, was perfectly legal under the common law and required no specific authorization by the state government. In a few cases, restraining and explanatory acts explicitly permitted these issues to continue. Conse- quently, unauthorized notes may be legal or illegal according to the specific laws in existence at the time of issue and, at least in the instances just referred to, may have received government authorization after the fact. I consider these early notes to be authorized and the reader is reminded of my comment on ju- dicial exactitude made awhile back. An example of a legitimate bank's unauthorized note is shown in Figure 3, a $100 certificate of deposit of the Clinton Bank with the imprints of Danforth, Underwood and Com- pany, and Underwood, Bald, Spencer and Hufty, and issued on December 2, 1839. It features an American Indian on an escarp- ment, surveying the ocean and beach below and probably wondering what happened to the neighborhood. The legality Fig. 3. Clinton Bank, $100 certificate of deposit, December 2, 1839, an unauthorized bank note of an autho zed issuer. ss-rzahaiiINOW411401001.'334Atfig4foidSTAMOSISCSISill 4:111.1 ) ' /i7 • 's•d%'•;4°:, '/A/17//:•: ( Vilal/khgff)/1,, f / /./1X". x7/i ' OVAL ' ■ •--17i' '. ,'l I E\T7i D LIAR S" ///t/t/// ./0'er .4•Bii%rtiRIC e// Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 157 of the note at the time of issue is open to question. The Safety Fund Act of 1829 explicitly forbade the issuance of post notes and interest-bearing notes by incorporated banks. The prohibi- tion was continued by the General Banking Act of 1838, described below, which also required that notes be registered with the state. The note is unregistered, but was a certificate of deposit a note in the sense of these acts? It was certainly issued in an attempt to skirt the law, but was not necessarily an at- tempt at fraud. Whatever its status, it is difficult to imagine anyone depositing one hundred of 1839 dollars into a failing institution. It may have been issued for purposes of stalling set- tlement of a large interbank debt, the redemption of a large number of demand notes tendered at once, for example. My third category of bank notes, consisting of the outright bank and corporate frauds, is fairly clear cut. These notes were issued by individuals tricking the security printers into be- lieving that they were officials of incorporated banks, or by cor- porations with either no right to issue paper money or with the right but failing to conform to legal requirements in so doing. There is a natural chronological separation in this group created by the passage of a series of acts beginning in 1825. A state law of 1825 had enumerated what was to be understood as banking powers, and an act of 1827 specified that no corpo- ration could perform functions not explicitly allowed by its charter. To a layman, the pair of acts were clear enough: a mon- eyed corporation not incorporated as a bank could not con- duct a banking business and therefore could not issue notes. The Safety Fund Act then, with its prohibition against post notes, applied only to banking corporations, it being unneces- sary to have its provisions apply to other types of corporations or private associations that had no banking powers to begin with. Nevertheless, the Restraining Act of 1830 restated the re- strictions by prohibiting the issuance of notes by any person or association of persons. Thus, fraudulent corporate notes issued prior to the Act of 1827 were probably technically legal, at least they weren't outright illegal; those afterwards were. Most New York City fraudulent notes were issued after 1837, anyway. Notes of the Marble Manufacturing Company of 1826 fall into the earlier subcategory. Marble Manufacturing has been described as a "bond-issuing concern" since its notes were tech- nically bonds and it had no other purpose but to place them into circulation and to try to keep them there. Its actions to- gether with those of other companies of similar ilk led to the Safey Fund and Restraining Acts already mentioned. An ex- ample of one of its notes is shown in Figure 4, a thirty-day post note issued on March 29, 1826; the company failed in early April. The state actually went after the worst of the "bond- issuers" Officers, directors, and agents of the Life and Fire Insur- ance Company, the United States Lombard Association, and a few other corporations were indicted and became defendants in New York's Conspiracy Trials of the late 1820s. A particularly insidious fraud was perpetrated by the New- York Loan Company, a $20 note of which is illustrated in Figure 5. In 1832 Andrew Jackson began the process of de- Fig. 4. Marble Manufacturing Company, $20 post note, March 29, 1826, a technically legal corporate note tent to defraud. ssued with in- Fig. 5. New-York Loan Company, $20 post note, March 27, 1838, an illegal and fraudulent corporate note. 3-D,48,8 /„„ rwl_cry: cittNiTs /;/;z_y• //, 1,1= / e Fig. 6. Campbell and Seaman, 50-cents, July 10, 1862, a merchant's scrip issue. Page 158 Paper Money Whole No. 173 stroying the Bank of the United States by vetoing a bill to recharter it, and then, in 1833, followed by withdrawing the government's funds. Although the bank continued to operate until the expiration of its original Congressional charter and con- tinued briefly as a state bank afterward, the only real brake against an unlimited expansion of the unsecured paper money supply had been removed. In 1836 the President promulgated his specie circular requiring that western lands, the subject of a specula- tive fever, be purchased only with gold and silver. Simultane- ously, a British financial panic caused British businessmen to call in their short term American loans, which were payable in gold. The resultant drain on the specie supply forced the overloaded banks to suspend redemption of their notes all over the country. The Panic of 1837 followed. The populace hoarded coin, and legitimate merchants and corporations were forced to issue emer- gency scrip. Between the suspension, which began on May 10, 1837, and before the New York banks resumed redemption, on May 9, 1838, the state legislature passed the General Banking Act of 1838, al- ready referred to. Besides permitting associations to become in- corporated banks without direct application to the state legislature, it required these associations to create separate issue departments distinct from their banking departments and to reg- ister their notes with the state by providing them to the com- ptroller's office or state banking department for countersignature. Into the breach stepped New-York Loan, using the words "banking house" prominently in the smaller print, issuing un- registered and illegal post notes just before the registry require- ments took effect and evidently using them to make loans, if not selling or spending the notes outright. The business would have been proper if, when making its loans, the company had lent demand notes of legitimate banks. Discounting its own notes, if that is what it did, was a banking function. The company was ready to take advantage of the confusion caused by the im- pending passage of the General Banking Act while the panic and suspension were still on. The act was passed on April 18; the note in Figure 5 is dated March 27. The company was partially suc- cessful in its little game; whereas the tens and twenties are al- most always found new, the lower denominations, which would have been used by working people, are often found circulated. There doesn't seem to be any connection between the existence of these banking frauds and the corruption of the municipal government at the time, if only because there were long periods of time when there were no frauds and no periods of time when the government was not corrupt. I'll mention one fraudulent bank without illustration, the North River Banking Company, in existence around 1840 and with a name obviously chosen to cause confusion with the legal North River Bank. The operation would have been just another scam that came and went and without any particular interest except for the fact I accidentally uncovered: the signature of Levi Dodge, the "cashier," is found some fifteen years later on the notes of the legitimate Central Bank of Brooklyn in the city of Brooklyn as the cashier. I'd love to look into this seriously but it is difficult to do so when any possible primary source material is several hundred miles away. I suppose I should mention that the Brooklyn bank suspended operations in 1870. Somehow, I'm not surprised. Does any reader have any information on Levi Dodge; a note from his parole officer, perhaps? My working definition of bank note has included corporate notes never explicitly permitted by New York State. The stand- ard definition of scrip as private issues would include all cor- porate issues except those like the notes of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company for which legislative authority existed. I prefer to use the terminology "bank note" when the corporate note intended to pass itself off as such. This usage might boggle some minds but is consistent with the use of bank note to de- scribe notes of the North River Banking Company and other nonexistent banks. Were these not also private issues? My two categories of scrip refer to private merchants and corporate notes, always unauthorized but excusable because they were emitted during political and financial emergencies and never claimed to be anything more than what they really were. The chronolog- ical subsections in both categories are simply the periods of time when these emergency conditions occurred: the 1790s, the War of 1812, the Panics of 1837 and 1851, and the Civil War. A few strays were emitted at other times. Notes in these cate- gories are most often denominated in dollar fractions and often state that they are redeemable in "current funds',' that is, in bank notes when the face value of the scrip added to an even dollar, or they were redeemable in merchandise. Although their ge- ographical area of circulation was necessarily limited, since no means would have existed for tendering them for payment other than by a physical delivery to the source, the fact that many exist in well worn condition attests to heavy usage nevertheless. An example of merchants' scrip is given in Figure 6, a 50 cent note of Campbell and Seaman, printed by Underwood, Bald, Spencer and Hufty and issued on July 10, 1862. The firm was likely a general store, since no specific business interest is stated. The note was originally printed for an unidentified "drug paint oil and dyestuff' dealer doing business at "188 Greenwich Street;' both phrases being lined out on the original form and the ad- 'fr./ - it Fig. 7. North River Exchange Company, 25-cent, August 26, 1837, a corporate scrip issue. ' Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 159 dress of the reissuer being added. Printing costs must have been prohibitively expensive for a small businessman and it was cheaper to use notes already printed for a defunct business than to pay for personalized forms. In addition to a signature for the proprietors—both names are in the same handwriting—the note was also signed by the firm's auditor, probably on redemption. The gentleman at the left of the note is Lafayette. often be assumed to have been issued with intent to defraud, but not always. A very unusual and interesting note of the New York and Brooklyn Coal Company appeared recently in a Cur- rency Auctions of America auction. It is a one dollar denomi- nation and was redeemable in coal at the company's yard in New York. One can imagine the yard receiving its coal along the pathway described earlier. Why a $1 bill would have been issued when, presumably, bank notes of the same denomina- Fig. 8. New York and Brooklyn Coal Company, $1, unissued, a dollar-denominated corporate scrip issue. (Courtesy of Cur- rency Auctions of America.) An example of a piece of corporate scrip is shown in Figure 7, a 25-cent note of the North River Exchange Company, printed by C.C. Wright and Prentiss and issued on August 26, 1837. The ship and Mercury vignettes are signed by A.B. Durand and Wright, respectively. This particular firm had several loca- tions within the state, two of which are stated on the bill, New York and Albany, although the note was redeemable for cash only at the former. The company would have bought notes drawn on Albany banks at a discount in New York and presented them for redemption at face value in Albany, and vice versa, and would have also dealt in domestic exchange lo- cally by buying and selling checks and drafts without tendering them for payment. As a rule of thumb, and in the absence of specific informa- tion to the contrary, dollar-denominated corporate notes may tion were readily available is not clear, but the note could never have been passed off as an authorized note, at least to anyone who could read. Perhaps the company was failing. The note is shown in Figure 8 by courtesy of the auction house. It was printed by Valentine. The sorting scheme I have been discussing exhausts the cate- gories exhibited by my small collection, but other categories certainly exist: those of advertising notes and private bankers' issues, for example, and other arrangements are certainly pos- sible. A collector whose basic interests lie in prints and printers might prefer to sort the same notes into a chronological ar- rangement for each printing house, with no concern given to the nature of the note. All of the notes I have described come from yesterday's New York City, the present Borough of Man- (Continued on page 167) d OM. fn, 000”••• p, . , •••, •••••••••••••,••.•,•• e. LIAM mAe:Pan on Zer =;:nr:r1:= RF54=111:r wrilSzza:: Ove..-s. sawn ein og” Paper Money Whole No. 173Page 160 SCRIPOPHILY: AN EXCITING NEW FIELD! by PIERRE BONNEAU T HE study and collecting of old stock and bond certi- ficates constitutes a rather new area of numismatics and is generating a growing interest among existing paper money collectors. The hobby itself first emerged in Europe in the late 1970s and its official name, "scripophily," was adopted following a contest in the London Financial Times in 1981. Like paper money, stock certificates come in all sizes, colors and designs. By definition, all these documents represent wealth and help us understand the history of international finance. Also, many of the vignettes found on paper money also appear on stock certificates. In fact, American Bank Note Co., which prints checks and currency for many banks and countries, is also the printing source for many bond and stock certificates. Scripophilists, like paper money collectors, tend to focus their collection on specific areas. One can seek certificates bearing unusual names or very intricate vignettes. Another one can focus his or her collection on a particular industry such as automobile, railroad, banking, mining, oil or entertainment. One can also look for documents signed by well-known perso- nalities like Henry Wells, William Fargo, John Pierpont Morgan or Cornelius Vanderbilt. The possibilities are endless! The most exciting aspect of scripophily, however, is that newly discovered issues are always turning up. While the production of coins and bank notes has been closely moni- tored by governments, this is not the case with older stocks and bonds. Collectors today can still find unknown, limited bond issues (offered by a company or a country) or discover certi- ficates with important signatures. No. I ,Z1, 100 Sham North Europeao9iiCorporation oN111011.121110 CAPITAL coce.00 Crave. Shona do ea va— sx North European Oil Corporation. Reactivated in 1957, shareholders can now claim $130,000 for every $100 invested in the 1930s! American Express Company. This very rare 1866 stock certificate bears the signatures of both Henry Wells and William Fargo. Deer Creek and Susquehanna Railroad Co. This popular yet rare 1889 railroad bond certificate bears a very intricate vignette of a deer and moving train interwoven into an unusual type of lettering. I.O.S., LTD. (Investors Overseas Services). It took 13 years to settle this widely publicized bankruptcy and now hundreds of millions of dollars await claimants! Another significant difference lies in the fact that uncancelled stocks and bonds can have an intrinsic value since companies change name, amalgamate or leave funds behind after their liq- uidation. For example, NORTH EUROPEAN OIL CORPORA- TION was an unsuccessful penny-stock company in the 1930s. It ceased its operations in 1937 and had its charter canceled in 1943. However, the company was reactivated under a new name in 1957 when oil was discovered on surrounding proper- ties. Owners of this stock can now claim $130,000 for every $100 invested in the 1930s! Another good example is I.O.S., LTD., a mutual fund company founded by Bernard Cornfeld in the 1960s. In 1971, Robert Vesco, Cornfeld's successor, ran away with the company's assets and created a widely publicized (Continued on page 167) Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 161 Paper Money COUNTERFEITERS Mr. Stanton by BRENT HUGHES Researcher and SPMC member Ron Horstman recently unearthed an old government document that he might have ignored if the top line had not contained the magic words "counterfeit money!' Actually the line said "Pardons for making and passing counterfeit money, for- gery and perjury!' As collectors of paper money, Ron and I had no partic- ular interest in the last two offenses but we wondered what the counterfeit money part was all about. The his- tory of counterfeiting in our country is a source of great interest to many collectors and this innocent looking document promised some new information on the subject. The congressional document seemed rather odd until we looked at the dates on the first page. There was April 4, 1865, the day Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, and the document had been signed by President Andrew Johnson on February 19, 1868, just five days before the U.S. House of Representatives voted to impeach him. To understand the document's meaning we must briefly list the events which led to its publication. V ICE President Johnson became President the day after Lincoln was shot, but the real power in Washington at the time was Edwin M. Stanton, the powerful Secretary of War under Lincoln. For a few weeks after the assassination Stanton became, for all practical purposes, the dictator of the United States. Government officials knew that Stanton still had 900,000 Army troops under his command and would not hesi- tate to use them. It was a critical time in the history of our country. Stanton had been in office when the U.S. government had begun printing paper money for the first time and had been directed by Lincoln to take charge of the battle against counter- feiters. He had appointed his friend William Wood, superin- tendent of the infamous Old Capitol Prison, to head the agency, the secret service division of the Treasury Department. This agency eventually grew to become the U.S. Secret Service, but its success was not due to Mr. Wood. William Wood was a scoundrel of the worst kind. He rode roughshod over citizens' rights by arresting suspects on the flimsiest of evidence. In some cases he threw the suspects into his own prison and forgot about them. At the same time he set Edwin M. Stanton, Lincoln's Secretary of War, became virtual dictator of the United States after the President's death. The efforts of Andrew Johnson to remove Stanton from office created a major crisis for the U.S. Government. about to line his own pockets with reward money posted by the Treasury Department for the recovery of counterfeit plates. His ruthlessness drew loud protests from relatives and friends of his prisoners, but Wood continued to abuse people with Gestapo-like tactics. Stanton supported him all the way because the Secretary was backed by the Radical Republicans who controlled the Congress. These men were determined to punish the former Confederate States and passed the Recon- struction Acts that placed the Southern states into five military districts, each ruled by an Army general under Stanton's overall command. The situation caused chaos in a nation trying to heal the wounds of the Civil War. Andrew Johnson fought back but lost the battle at every turn. When he tried to replace Stanton with a cabinet officer of his own choosing, the Radicals passed the Tenure of Office Act which prevented the President from replacing any cabinet officer. On August 12, 1867 Johnson demanded that Stanton re- sign and when he refused to do so, Johnson suspended him. Page 162 Paper Money Whole No. 173 Stanton countered by bringing in Army troops to surround his building and staying in his office day and night. In January 1868 the Senate refused to concur in Stanton's suspension. On February 21, 1868 Johnson appointed a new Secretary of War and again ordered Stanton out. The House of Representatives quickly voted to impeach the President. The document unearthed by Ron Horstman was the end result of a resolution passed by the House on November 26, 1867. In the dirtiest of dirty political moves, the Radicals had ordered An- drew Johnson to furnish them a list of all the pardons he had issued since he had taken office. Oddly the resolution limited the list of pardons to those issued to prisoners who had been convicted of making, possessing or passing counterfeit money, or for forgery or perjury. Stanton may have complained to his Radical friends that while he and his man Wood had arrested counterfeiting sus- pects and the courts had convicted them, Johnson had frus- trated their "good work" by pardoning the prisoners. The members of Congress who might have hesitated to impeach the President might be persuaded to do so if they read a list of criminals he had freed. Fortunately Johnson and his Attorney General Henry Stan- bery knew what the Radicals were up to and simply outfoxed them. The list of pardons showed that Stanton and Wood had been little more than loose cannons firing away in all direc- tions. They had arrested quite a few people on counterfeiting charges but there was not a ringleader among them. Those ar- rested were just citizens who, for the most part, had not been able to distinguish between genuine and counterfeit currency and had simply passed on what they had received from someone else in ordinary business transactions. d '.7 . -,, V ,44 o .., cc. to i• C'" • . ) i3 . ,; ,,k ,, ,------ --; ' -.' " ( t - - - " ,7 --\.. N•:, n. ..-1%, St ,-..-er' P;?7re, } ,--- : ■ . .-\ v ,.... '-' Vi F ...4T p.' ----z".f ofil . 11.00, ,...._... .4 ,,--,, --------'. ----- 11.; .0_4,—; , - 44 .04 soli144,,, - • T H , \'''.::%.. ^3 ' t i . ; %., \ 2 •r. f HY ft) 41- 1.' \BY C -----.....„ ........_ .1:.---Th ...,....., 41 %VA.' k,V, —"Ps:, -..."•• • 4.64...0411' se.„I .00, ...',,, T- ----..-........-'kiur+ '' .q ____....- . . "Alp ikkiq %.. '44%.0 ,-... of i 7,1, .,., ?, z.., ...4, / 43*--(0 ..---( , 4. ei. „ ...: ....=.- r...- r zr. ,:‹2‹:. r itS / fY 4 a .._ 4:.X., Alts?...„ -*I RECEINTAPLE FOR ALL 'UNITED STATES STAMPS . ' The genuine 504 U.S. Fractional Currency note featuring the portrait of Spinner. When the Civil War began in 1861, coins quickly disappeared from circulation when their metallic content exceeded their face value. To meet the emergency, U.S. Treasurer Francis E. Spinner issued fractional currency in denominations from 34 to 504. The people readily accepted the "paper change," never dreaming that counterfeiters would bother with such small amounts. Thus it was a shock to Treasury officials when they discovered that thousands of counterfeits had been quietly passed into circulation. ) ' (..._ . ,,• ;--- --<--. 7,6 V . ..,,,v ... IN / i • ;,' - .. "---.._2 - , ,,•( : .---- ., ct\ ,) . f- 4 it, ...., ...., 1‘ I V , ,. r u ,,,- <44, ril, Ca 0* It. . ;' 1,..1.31‘ sl71/4 araS ' j.04642407 --' 17. t. 0 . ., CC ; .111"..1 06 --:4;4,,*.' • - --.....,....,.. ut4 1 . ( , ,-) 4 it. -s) tow, Cil 1 . Ft ;• - --N,.• BY 7 NC ----.„.. s ,---- ---••< . c41t•4,--0 \AT412,44)-tar.47---ituo 1 ....% 0i. 44iW „, ...k` .1:7 . t , ,,,,„ e• -----,....„ ,•:,.., ...,. Aglial I ME -..... .,.../ ,, . ,, - >coo ,,:::. :z. -..... ' , . ,, , ,, ,,, 4 0 4.1W.:, e 1 <0-3'' k7;::4 " ii car• . u, - ... . ..-4,4 .7-21--,f t' 4 1. 0 S• 0 ., 0.. ../• R , RRe.ria . I Eel. I. OR ---- ( kl,'",. 1,,,ria;:ar- RECE1VAV LE FOR ALL UNITED STAMES SICASIP -3).4t—iii_ , 'sii The counterfeit of the same note. The workmanship is excellent but close examination shows a slightly different expression in Spinner's eyes and the lettering along the bottom edge is distorted, especially the letters "S" and "C" Acr .Ar mut-ED >TARO:1.371863., CZN'kt_ ejermiSbni" ilERSAMEVE•••■•■•••••■••■•••••••••••• Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 163 Incredibly the paper money involved was mostly U.S. frac- tional currency, the emergency "Civil War change" that had been issued as a substitute for coins. Their denominations ran from 34 to 504 and counterfeiters found them easy to copy. For a time everyone accepted the small-change notes without giving them a second glance. Later on they were amazed that counterfeiters would bother with such small bills. Counterfeiters seemed to like the 504 note and flooded the country with them. Thousands of transactions took place be- fore the public became aware that such counterfeits existed. But this fact did not deter Wood and his band of storm troopers. They arrested hundreds of citizens who were tried be- fore judges who knew what Stanton wanted. It was not unusual for a poor suspect who had simply passed on a 504 note to be sentenced to seven years in some miserable prison for his so- called "crime" Some cases were so evil, however, that even prosecuting at- torneys and judges were sickened. They began to join other petitioners in asking President Johnson to pardon such prisoners and he had done so. Johnson submitted his list, as required by the Congress, on February 19, 1868. Most members never had time to read it be- cause, on February 24, 1868, the House voted 126 to 47 to im- peach the President. The Senate went on to try Johnson but acquitted him by a single vote. After that famous event, the po- litical scene settled down somewhat and the government be- came more stabilized. To see how counterfeiting grew to such a menace we must go back to our country's earliest days. The governments of the colo- nies had difficulty providing a medium of exchange and con- sidered counterfeiting a very serious crime. Some colonies went so far as to spell out the penalty on the notes themselves. Some notes of North Carolina, South Carolina, Rhode Island and Ver- mont bore a simple statement, "Death to Counterfeit!' Delaware and Pennsylvania said, 'To Counterfeit is death:' New York and New Hampshire had similar warnings on some of their notes. Historians say that the death sentence was never carried out so far as they can discover, but the dire warnings may have dis- couraged some printers from trying their hand. These early at- tempts at counterfeiting our currency were indicative of more serious things to come. In the 1800s the era of the private bank note began. Security engraving became an art and thousands of beautiful notes were produced. In the process, giant bank note companies were or- ganized to meet the demand of bankers. These companies competed to hire the most skillful engravers, who enjoyed a pampered status in each firm. Unfortunately, there were other skilled engravers who, for one reason or another, chose the criminal route to riches and turned out counterfeit bank notes that defied detection. Such men engraved the plates but usually left the printing and distri- bution to others. The profits were so large that highly or- ganized counterfeiting rings became common. At the top of such groups were the money men, wealthy operators who quietly supplied the capital to finance the illegal activity but never got too close to get arrested. Next in line were the middle men who hired the engravers and printers then turned the notes over to distributors who spread the notes over wide areas. At the bottom were the "shovers" who actually passed the notes into circulation by various means. Some scholars have referred to the years from about 1825 to 1861 as "the golden age of counterfeiting in America!' It con- tinued beyond 1861 but law enforcement severely hampered the activity when the United States government became in- volved and counterfeiting went into a long decline. Before the Civil War there were thousands of counterfeit notes in circulation, creating havoc in the banking community. Since arrest and prosecution were handled by local authorities, law enforcement was spotty at best. To protect themselves, bankers and merchants were forced to subscribe to publica- tions called "Counterfeit Detectors," which listed genuine notes and their counterfeit copies. Laurence Dwight Smith, author of Counterfeiting, says that in 1839 one such guide listed 20 issues of fictitious banks, 43 banks whose notes were worthless, 54 bankrupt banks, 254 banks whose notes were being counterfeited and descriptions of 1,395 counterfeit notes then in circulation. Bankers and businessmen were frustrated. If a counterfeiter or "shover" did happen to be arrested by an honest sheriff or police officer, the effort would often be wasted when a low- paid jail guard accepted a bribe to leave the doors unlocked when he went to lunch. It became a game, with some counter- A very deceptive counterfeit of the 254 Fractional Currency note which featured the portrait of William P. Fessenden, Secretary of the Treasury in 1864 under President Lincoln. Page 164 Paper Money Whole No. 173 Counterfeit of the 50C Fractional Currency note which portrayed Edwin M. Stanton, Lincoln's Secretary of War. Although the portrait is crudely executed, the note circulated for some time as evidenced by the frayed edges and tear on the left end. In the hysteria of the Civil War, it was not uncommon for an average citizen to receive a long prison sentence for having such a note as this in his possession. feiters vying with each other over which one could get out of jail fastest. In many areas along the Canadian border the coun- terfeiting gangs actually controlled town governments with the mayor and police chief on their payrolls. This kind of lawlessness reached its peak in the 1850s, but the outbreak of the Civil War turned the counterfeiting busi- ness upside down. The United States government was forced to print its own paper money to finance the war. A legal-tender act was passed by Congress in 1862 which authorized the issue of notes commonly known as "greenbacks:' Counterfeiters wasted no time in producing their own copies. The Confederate States of America produced its own currency using private contractors but counterfeit copies soon flooded the plantations in payment for cotton. The rebel government had few resources to detect and arrest counterfeiters. Their task was made much more difficult because most of the counterfeiters lived in the Union, primarily in the border states. The first United States (legal tender) notes were made by the major bank note companies in New York who were supported by influential members of Congress. Officials at the Treasury Department who paid the bills felt that they were being over- charged for the paper money and set up what eventually be- came the present-day Bureau of Engraving and Printing. It was not long before the first counterfeits of U.S. paper money appeared. Skilled engravers had no trouble at all copying the government notes. Federal officials soon realized that they would have to set up some sort of agency to go after such criminals. Secretary of War Stanton appointed William Wood and the problems began. Wood said in his memoirs, "At this time it was currently reported that about one-half the money in circulation was counterfeit. I was permitted to use my own methods to effect the desired results, and I determined upon capturing and holding in custody the engravers and prin- cipals engaged in the business west of the Alleghenies:' The situation did not improve and Treasury Secretary Hugh McCulloch finally went to President Lincoln. He proposed set- ting up a permanent force whose only job would be the sup- pression of counterfeiting. Lincoln agreed, saying "I think you have the right idea, Hugh. You work it out your own way!' That night Lincoln went to Ford's Theatre, where he was shot by John Wilkes Booth. On July 5, 1865 the Secret Service Division of the Depart- ment of the Treasury was officially established. Edwin Stanton was riding high so no one was surprised when William P. Wood was chosen to be the first director. Wood did not change his methods when he gained his new title, but more and more people were getting fed up with him. He placed his fate in Stanton's hands, but when the Senate failed to convict Presi- dent Johnson, Wood knew that Stanton was on his way out and that he would go with him. In 1869 Wood was "asked to resign',' a euphemism for being fired, and Herman C. Whitley took his place. Whitley cleaned house at the Secret Service and it even- tually grew into the agency we have today. The document mentioned at the beginning of this article stands in mute testimony to the abuse committed by Wood and his staff. The report consists of 61 pages detailing the pardons granted to 125 persons living in 20 states and the District of Columbia. Obviously we do not have room here to list all of the entries but excerpts illustrate several points of interest. 1. Wood had violated the civil rights of hundreds of citizens. 2. Courts and judges had been influenced by Stanton. Judges had imposed sentences that were outrageously severe and would not be permitted today. 3. Friends and families of the prisoners had appealed to their Congressmen to get the men released. 4. President Johnson had recognized the Civil War military service of many prisoners that had left their families destitute. He was also moved by the poor health and poverty of some of the prisoners. Perhaps the most outrageous action had been taken against Antonio Rasa who had done nothing except live in a tenement house where police found some counterfeit money. He had none in his possession and no one knew where it had come from. The court convicted Rasa of having made the copies of U.S. fractional currency and the judge sentenced the frightened defendant to six years in prison. The harsh sentence sickened a number of people who petitioned the President for a pardon. Johnson complied and Rasa was released a month later. W.,../41•40'04&/er/iFaXiViy. $46444.1.44 'the /,71///e v7, )7/tAx. iN Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 165 07-±wrzeram-prmraricn, r www,ff:,Br 0.23pir,Efave=w6_2 , 4 "C.-- • /71-; /z--/12 - r jnpw -0,:aeinrikv.42wankiVORT1Wri41.44.41404. ti.w11-441,. WV 0:46779-4.-V/V.00:Aftirht* 5192847 *111201341Egg'7 kba(a,/, lr iiTriat )) {,141.Z4PCt) tivv4A-cimaimvoy7. e. ,Slater. -mitatalum=a2=mmwma*MWiacamonmraom i(747 Avia4,1'24 SEIITES Crude counterfeit of the United States note dated March 10, 1862. The genuine note was a superb example of the engraver's art by American Bank Note Company of New York. Note that the counterfeiter printed the serial number upside down, but still passed the note into circulation. Crude counterfeit of the genuine $5 United States note dated March 10, 1862. Portraits such as this one always caused problems for counterfeiters who found eyes and facial expressions difficult to copy. They did better with lettering but close examination shows many variations from the genuine which was beautifully engraved by American Bank Note Company of New York. rreri6ecT, er/.7(l Wr • c • ,101a 1I\ oaksoutAtvw rlao,'Ni/1 ,crr 7 ,0 ^ ,cm. Y.ce .rnu W.1171Acrazonvammuzilik ler,/ AssmurlounBunkliratethilferiltirk NE AA, SEltLE6 C•0 This is a counterfeit of the $10 United States note which was engraved and printed by American Bank Note Company of New York. The counterfeiter had difficulty with his rendering of Lincoln which has a poor lip line and eye expression. His rendering of the American eagle at center is excellent. Hundreds of these counterfeits were placed in circulation doing great damage to the financial health of the Union. Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 167 George W. Flood had been convicted in Missouri in 1864 of attempting to pass one counterfeit U.S. Treasury note. The judge sentenced him to five years in prison. Because of Flood's good behavior during confinement, his repentance and his youth, he was pardoned on July 20, 1865. William Wood had collected a lot of reward money when he turned in the plates he had seized while on duty. A typical ex- ample of how he accomplished this is found in the document where the Pardon Clerk's report is quoted. It involved one Thomas Ira Johnson who had been suspected of counter- feiting. The clerk's report is as follows: Johnson was arrested near Indianapolis in August 1864, by detec- tives, taken to Washington, D.C., where he was confined in the Old Capitol Prison, then under the charge of Colonel Wood, now chief of the secret service division of the Treasury Department. He was there confined until June or July 1865, when he was returned to In- dianapolis, and turned over to the civil courts for trial. Three terms of the United States court passed before he was brought to trial; when, in June 1866, he was arraigned, found guilty, and sentenced to seven years' imprisonment. He was recommended for pardon by many citizens, on account of his long, "unwarrantable, and illegal" confinement in the Old Capitol, the length of time he has been im- prisoned at hard labor, his uniform good conduct during confine- ment, his comparative youthfulness, and his determination to lead in future a virtuous life. I now have to report the gist of the matter in this case, viz: When application for pardon, on the foregoing grounds, was filed, Colonel Wood filed a statement to the effect that Johnson had in possession a $5 counterfeit plate, of unusual excellence of execu- tion, and very dangerous to the community. He protested against pardon until that plate was delivered to him. I wrote to Alfred Kil- gore, United States attorney for Indiana, and recited the facts in the case. It seems that the plate was so valuable that Colonel Wood was perfectly willing to have Johnson released if that was secured, on the ground that, while said Johnson in propria persona received the punishment, yet the plate, being in the hands of skillful coun- terfeiters, the whole country would suffer thereby, by having its issues thrown upon the mercantile community. Mr. Kilgore, United States attorney, made the surrender of this plate a condition prece- dent even to the examination of the case. The plate was secured, returned to the Solicitor of the Treasury, and is now in the custody of Colonel Wood. This is an important capture; so much so, that the district attorney, Mr. Kilgore, now recomends the pardon of Johnson, confident that he will hereafter lead an honest life. In con- sideration of the whole case, I think Johnson should be pardoned, on giving bonds of future good behavior. Respectfully submitted: F.U. STITT, Pardon Clerk. Pardoned August 22, 1867. Recommended by—John M. Binckley, acting Attorney General United States; A. Kilgore, United States district attorney; Hon. J.E. McDonald, and McDonald, Roache Sheeks. The other entries in the document show a pattern of abuse in which poor and uneducated citizens, many in bad health, were simply abused by Wood and his men. Without funds to hire defense counsel they were at the mercy of an establishment that was utterly corrupt. We can be grateful that safeguards are in place today which prevent such abuse and keep the likes of William Wood from being placed in positions of authority. The April 4, 1865 document which at first glance looks like thousands of other such publications created by the Congress tells us quite a bit about a subject of great interest to collectors of paper money. SOURCES: Butterfield, Roger. (1966). The American Past, New York. Carothers, Neil. (1967). Fractional Money, New York. Ex. Doc. No. 179, House of Representatives, 40th Congress, 2d Session. Message from the President of the United States etc. relating to pardons. Hendrick, Burton J. (1946). Lincoln's War Cabinet, Boston. Rothert, Matt. (1963). A Guide Book of United States Fractional Currency, Whitman Publishing Co. Slabaugh, Arlie R. (1991). Confederate States Paper Money, Krause Publi- cations. Smith, Laurence Dwight. (1944). Counterfeiting, New York. NEW YORK (Continued from page 159) hattan. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the city acquired territory on the mainland and, on January 1, 1898, united with the counties of Kings, Queens, and Rich- mond to form the city of the present day. For purposes of an ar- ticle on the obsolete notes from other locations within today's city, I would appreciate receiving information on any and all notes from villages, townships, and cities located within the territorial area of the present Boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island, within the portion of Westchester County now in the Bronx, and, at least theoretically, within Manhattan itself. Except for the latter, they definitely exist. I would particu- larly appreciate information on the rarer notes from the city of Brooklyn and any obsolete note from my home town of Flushing, Queens. REFERENCE John Cleaveland, The banking system of the state of New York, second edi- tion by G.S. Hutchinson, 1865. (Arno Press reprint, 1980). SCRIPOPHILY (Continued from page 160) scandal which forced I.O.S. into bankruptcy. It took 13 years to settle the bankruptcy, and now hundreds of millions of dollars await claimants. Needless to say, if the documents you are collecting belong to a family member or are "bearer" stocks or bonds, they should definitely be researched. Amazingly, over the last 25 years, Stock Search International Inc. (SSI) has helped people across North America recover more than $4 MILLION from "obscure" securities they thought worthless! Also actively involved in selling and buying old stocks and bonds for their collection value, SSI offers catalogues and has recently formed a collectors club. The first newsletter of the club has been mailed to more than 75 new members residing in Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, Switzerland and the United States. It included practical tips for collectors, a feature article explaining the origin of scripophily and collect- ible certificates as well as a "classified section" for purchasing and selling old documents. The membership fee is $10 per year and, as a member, one will receive a newsletter every four months. Members are also entitled to a 5% discount on all col- lectibles purchased from SSI. To receive a brochure explaining the procedures to follow in order to have a stock investigated or to get your free catalogue of collectible cer- tificates, please contact: Stock Search International, Inc. 10855 N. Glen Abbey Dr. Tucson, AZ 85737 Phone: 1-800-537-4523 aro v veiX:Y ea vAzeiadiv 14:4,4 01X, "us nom. CM TIMM.. MIN V 111 417-14.1.0).■1110-11 1 .41•6 70 BUREAU OE ENGRAVING AND PRINTIN HINGTON. D.C. Page 168 Paper Money Whole No. 173 The Starts Here A Primer for Collectors by GENE HESSLER T HERE'S NOTHING LIKE the real thing. However, when it comes to expensive United States federal paper money, there is a substitute, and it comes from the same source as the real thing. Who can afford to place a $5,000 or $10,000 bill in their col- lection. Pristine examples of classic notes like the $1, $2 and $5 silver certificates from 1896, or the 1901 $10 United States note, the one with the buffalo on it, or the beautiful $5 silver certi- ficate with the image of Indian Chief Running Antelope all cost more than most of us can afford. Nevertheless, from the original plates, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) prints and continues to issue uniface souvenir cards with these classic designs. They differ only in that the uniface design lacks serial numbers. They are beautiful and cost little. About six times each year the BEP issues a card that collectors are eager to order. After the cards are sold out, it is necessary to purchase these cards from dealers who specialize in this sub- ject. Even at twice or three times the issue price, these cards are a bargain when compared to the actual note that might cost thousands. Announcements for new cards are usually found in numismatic publications. These cards may be ordered from the BEP, Public Sales Divi- sion, Room 602-11A, Washington, DC 20228. At present the cards cost $5.50 through the mail, $4 if purchased at the BEP. (When the program began, souvenir cards were issued for less than $4.) Here are just a few of the cards issued in the past and their approximate current price from dealers. The $5 silver certi ficate, known as one of the educational notes, issued in 1896, sells for $20 or less. This lovely note has the engraving of Walter Shirlaw's Electricity Presenting Light to the World, which was en- graved by G.F.C. Smillie. A few years later a card with the back design for this note was issued. There were 49,530 cards issued with the face design but only 21,933 with the back design. One of my favorite notes is the $5 Running Antelope silver cer- tificate. It surprises me that one can purchase this outstanding card for $15. I don't own the original note; I do have one of the 57,806 cards that were issued. In fact, I frequently purchase these cards and use them as gifts. Only 7,278 cards were issued with the face of the $10,000 1918 Federal Reserve note; this note has the portrait of Salmon P Chase. This design, that will cost you about $18, looks im- pressive when framed. Another beauty is the $20 gold certificate issued between 1907-1922. This multi-colored design with a portrait of George Washington engraved by Alfred Sealey sells for about $15; 19,482 cards were sold. This gold certificate is often called the technicolor note. When you see this card you will understand why collectors have adopted this title. MEMPHIS '84 MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is pleased to issue this souvenir card to commemorate the International Paper Money Show held on June 15-17, 1984 The note featured here is a replica of the lace of a $10,000 Series 1878 United States rote which was authorized by the Act of March 3, 1863 to bring the number of United States notes in circulation up to their legal limit. This series included notes in denominations from $1 to 510.000 and was the first to feature a $5,000 and $10,000 note. Only 4,000Series 1879 $10.000 United States notes were produced: none are known to be in circulation today. The face and back of the $10,000 United States (legal tender) note are the subjects for two cards. There were 15,446 cards is- sued with the face design and 7,465 with the back design. The approximate cost for the two cards is about $35. These are just a few of about 80 cards the BEP has already is- sued, and more will be available in the future. For the cost of a movie, these cards are a bargain. (Copyright story reprinted by permission from Coin World, August 23, 1993) THE FATHER OF GREENBACKS Death of Judge Hill, the St. Louis Financier St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 22.—Judge Brotton Hill, one of the oldest and most prominent of St. Louis citizens, died yesterday, aged 72. He was a personal friend of President Lincoln during the war, and his theory of a new scheme of finance based on legal tender notes was adopted in 1861. He was author of a number of works on political economy. The Centralia (Wis.) Enterprise and Tribune, Oct. 27, 1888. Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 169 MODERN FEDERAL RESERVE NOTE SHEETS by PATRICIA GLOVER PURPOSE $2 Series of 1976: The objective of this article is to summarize all that is currently 32-note sheets (3 blocks): known about the modern releases of $1 and $2 Federal Reserve IA, 1B, IC. note sheets. 16-note half sheets (10 blocks): A*, B*, C*, D*, G*, H*, J*, K*, L* 5-pointed hollow INTRODUCTION stars, same size as letters. S ALES of Federal Reserve note sheets began with the $1Series of 1981 and has progressed through the $1 1981A, 1985, 1988 and 1988A, and $2 1976. Although records STARTING SERIAL NUMBERS exist of the numbers of such sheets printed, final counts of those sold or of those cut up or destroyed are not available. Consequently here is a summarization of what we know about $1 Series of 1981 and 1981A: the uncut sheet issuances, and a request for information that all blocks: 99840001. can be used to improve on these data. The $1 Series of 1988A and $2 Series of 1976 are still being released as this is written. $1 Series of 1985: all A-suffix blocks: 99840001. ISSUANCES all B-suffix blocks: 99776001. $1 Series of 1981: all C-suffix blocks: 99904001. 32-note sheets (27 blocks): HD and ID: 99776001. AA, AB, AC, AD, AE, AE AG, AH, BI, CA, DA, DH, EA, EB, FD and JD: 99904001. EC, ED, EE, EL EG, EH, FA, GA, HE, IA, JA, KA, LA. FE: 99840001. 16-note half sheets and 4-note squares (11 additional blocks): BA, BB, BC, BD, BE, BF, BG, BH, HA, HB, HD. (1 IC was The number of Series of 1985 sheets printed varied from a low reported as printed but none are reported). of 64,000 notes for blocks IC and FD; 84,000 notes for ID, to a 32-note error sheets: high of 216,000 notes for EB and KB. Block AH, position G3, mismatch prefix letter with a B prefix in the right serial number. BLOCKS AVAILABLE ONLY IN UNCUT FORM Blocks EE, EF, EH, position H1, back plate number is 7273 instead of 3273. Several blocks have been issued only in uncut formats and in- clude the following: $1 Series of 1985: 32-note sheets (28 blocks): AA, AC, BA, BC, CA, CC, DA, DC, EA, EC, FA, FC, FD, GA, GC, HA, HC, HD, IA, IC, ID, JA, JC, JD, KA, KC, LA, LC. 16-note half sheets (12 additional blocks): AB, BB, DB, EB, FB, FE, GB, HB, IB, JB, KB, LB. (CB was reported as printed but none have been observed). $1 Series of 1981: AE, AF, AG, AH, DH, EH, HD, HE. $1 Series of 1981A: CB. $1 Series of 1985: ID. $1 Series of 1988A: KA-Fort Worth, KB-Fort Worth. $2 Series of 1976: IB, IC. SERIAL 99999999 $1 Series of 1988: 32-note sheets (13 blocks): AA, BA, CA, DA, EA, FA, GA, HA, HB, IA, JA, KA, LA. $1 Series of 1988A: 32-note sheets and 16-note half sheets (19 blocks to date): AA, AB, BA, BB, CA, CB, DA, DB, EA, FA, GA, HA, IA, JA, KA, KA-Fort Worth, KB-Fort Worth, KC-Fort Worth, LA. Serial 99999999 should appear on the last sheet for many of the blocks listed here; however, none have been reported. We anxiously await the first discovery! DATA NEEDED If you have information that improves on that listed here, please contact me at: P. 0. Box 8941, Trenton, NJ 08650-0941, or call 609-890-9365. Page 170 Paper Money Whole No. 173 Catalog of Enveloped Postage by MILTON R. FRIEDBERG (Continued from No. 172, page 141) Catalog Number 128 Advertising Message STATIONER, 26 NASSAU STREET. Paper ORANGE-YELLOW Address 26 NASSAU STREET. Ink RED City (NEW YORK CITY) Commentary UNITED STATES POSTAGE STAMPS. State (N.Y.) Used By WM. ROBINS Numerical Value 25 Advertising Message EXCELSIOR ENVELOPES Value Message 25 Address 49 81 51 ANN ST. Flap Printed MISSING City (NYC) Pedigree MTG X-MOREAU (BACK AND FLAP State (NY) MISSING) Printer WM. ROBINS Printer's Address 49 & 51 ANN ST. Printer's City (NYC) Printer's State (NY) Numerical Value Word Value 50 Cts. trgEN sc ot,. Value Message 25 Cts. Flap Printed Pedigree NO (only known copy has glue mounting marks on flap) RW X-SEEMAN LOT 1353 Governmjnt 50 Currency. • • Catalog Number 129 to.fier, c Paper BEIGE Ink BLACK Commentary UNITED STATES POSTAGE STAMPS. Used By WM. ROBINS Advertising Message EXCELSIOR ENVELOPES Catalog Number 132 Address 49 & 51 ANN ST. Paper MANILLA (LIGHT YELLOW?),(WHITE) City (NYC) 71.40mm State (NY) Ink BLUE Printer WM. ROBINS Commentary Government Currency. Printer's Address 49 ,Sz 51 ANN ST. Used By REUBEN SCOVEL Printer's City (NYC) Advertising Message STATIONER, 26 NASSAU STREET. Printer's State (NY) Address 26 NASSAU STREET. Numerical Value 25 City (NEW YORK CITY) Word Value CENTS State (N.Y.)Value Message 25 CENTS. Numerical Value 50Flap Printed NO Value Message 50Pedigree RW X-SEEMAN LOT 1353 Flap Printed MISSING Pedigree MTG-XWL X-MOREAU (BACK AND FLAPCatalog Number 130 Paper MISSING) Ink Commentary U.S. STAMPS Catalog Number 133 Used By REUBEN SCOVEL Paper WHITE (ALSO KNOWN IN YELLOW BUFF) Advertising Message STATIONER, 26 NASSAU STREET. 72.39mm Address 26 NASSAU STREET. Ink BLACK City (NEW YORK CITY) Commentary POSTAGE STAMPS (DIFFERENT TYPE THAN State (N.Y.) FOLLOWING) Numerical Value 25 Used By R. SCOVEL Value Message 25 Advertising Message R. SCOVEL, STATIONER, 26 NASSAU Flap Printed STREET. Pedigree HOOBER Address 26 NASSAU STREET. City (NEW YORK CITY) Catalog Number 131 State (N.Y.) Paper LIGHT YELLOW 70.38mm Numerical Value 25 Ink BLUE Value Message 25 cents. Commentary Government Currency. Flap Printed NO Used By REUBEN SCOVEL Pedigree DF, DKH X-MOREAU (MISSING FLAP) Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 171 Catalog Number 134 Catalog Number 137 Paper WHITE Paper WHITE Ink BLACK Ink BLUE Commentary POSTAGE STAMPS (DIFFERENT TYPE THAN Commentary SHIELD AND BORDER ON FRONT PREVIOUS) Advertising Message U.S. POSTAGE STAMPS Used By R. SCOVEL Printer H. SMITH Advertising Message R. SCOVEL, STATIONER, 26 NASSAU Printer's Address 137 WILLIAM ST. STREET. Printer's City N.Y. Address 26 NASSAU STREET. Printer's State (NY) City (NEW YORK CITY) Numerical Value 15 State (N.Y.) Word Value Cts. Numerical Value 25 Value Message 15 Cts. Value Message 25 Cents. Flap Printed YES Flap Printed NO Flap Message H. SMITH, 137 WILLIAM ST, N.Y. Pedigree RW X-SEEMAN LOT 1353 Flap Advertisement VALUE ON FLAP IS IN SMALL WHITE SQUARE Catalog Number 135 Pedigree SEE CATALOG No. 140 Paper ? Ink ? Catalog Number 138 Commentary UNITED STATES POSTAGE STAMPS Paper WHITE Used By C.C. SHELLEY Ink BLUE Advertising Message MANUFACTURED BY C.C. SHELLEY Commentary SHIELD AND BORDER ON FRONT Address 68 BARCLAY ST. Advertising Message U.S. POSTAGE STAMPS City (NYC) Printer H. SMITH State (NY) Printer's Address 137 WILLIAM ST. Printer C.C. SHELLY Printer's City N.Y. Printer's Address 68 BARCLAY ST. Printer's State (NY) Printer's City (NYC) Numerical Value 24 Printer's State (NY) Word Value Cts. Numerical Value 25 Value Message 24 Cts. Value Message 25 CENTS Flap Printed YES Flap Printed ? Flap Message H. SMITH, 137 WILLIAM ST., N.Y. Pedigree KRAUSE 127-25, COLE (LOT 4134) Flap Advertisement VALUE ON FLAP IS IN SMALL WHITE SQUARE Catalog Number 136 Pedigree RW X-HERMAN HERST SALE 68-70 Paper WHITE Ink BLUE Commentary SHIELD AND BORDER ON FRONT Catalog Number 139 Advertising Message U.S. POSTAGE STAMPS Paper WHITE 66x34mm, 54mm incl. flap Printer H. SMITH Ink BLUE Printer's Address 137 WILLIAM ST. Commentary SHIELD AND BORDER ON FRONT Printer's City N.Y. Advertising Message U.S. POSTAGE STAMPS Printer's State (NY) Printer H. SMITH Numerical Value 10 (oblong zero) Printer's Address 137 WILLIAM ST. Word Value Cts. Printer's City N.Y. Value Message 10 Cts. (oblong zero) 'Printer s State (NY) Flap Printed YES Numerical Value 50 Flap Message H. SMITH, 137 WILLIAM ST., N.Y. Word Value Cts. Flap Advertisement VALUE ON FLAP IS IN SMALL WHITE Value Message 50 Cts. SQUARE Flap Printed YES Pedigree MRF, RH, RW, DROWNE Flap Message H. SMITH, 137 WILLIAM ST., N.Y. Flap Advertisement VALUE ON FLAP IS IN SMALL WHITE Catalog Number 136A SQUARE Paper WHITE Pedigree RW X-MOREAU Ink BLUE Commentary SHIELD AND BORDER ON FRONT Catalog Number 140 Advertising Message U.S. POSTAGE STAMPS Paper WHITE 66x34mm, 54mm incl. flap Printer H. SMITH Ink BLUE Printer's Address 137 WILLIAM ST. Commentary SHIELD AND BORDER ON FRONT Printer's City N.Y. Advertising Message U.S. POSTAGE STAMPS Printer's State (NY) Printer H. SMITH Numerical Value 10 (round zero) Printer's Address 137 WILLIAM ST. Word Value Cts. Printer's City N.Y. Value Message 10 Cts. (round zero) Printer's State (NY) Flap Printed YES Numerical Value 50 in Mss. Over Printed 15 with two lines Flap Message H. SMITH, 137 WILLIAM ST., N.Y. through 15 Flap Advertisement VALUE ON FLAP IS IN SMALL WHITE Word Value Cts. SQUARE Value Message 15 Cts. changed to 50 cts. Pedigree DROWNE Flap Printed YES Page 172 Paper Money Whole No. 173 Flap Message H. SMITH, 137 WILLIAM ST., N.Y. Printer's City N.Y. Flap Advertisement VALUE ON FLAP IS IN SMALL WHITE Printer's State (NY) SQUARE crossed out With 50 handwritten Numerical Value 25 alongside Word Value Cts. Pedigree RW X-MOREAU Value Message 25 Cts. Flap Printed YES Flap Message NUMERICAL VALUE Flap Advertisement VALUE ON FLAP IS IN LARGE WHITE SEMI-CIRCLE Pedigree MRF, RH, RW X-MOREAU Catalog Number 144 Paper WHITE Ink LT. BLUE Commentary FLAG & SHIELD ON FRONT Advertising Message U.S. POSTAGE STAMPS Printer H. SMITH Printer's Address 137 WILLIAM ST. Printer's City N.Y. Printer's State (NY) Numerical Value 10 Word Value Cts. Value Message 10 Cts. Catalog Number 141 Flap Printed YES Paper WHITE Flap Message H. SMITH, 137 WILLIAM ST., N.Y. Ink BLUE Flap Advertisement VALUE ON FLAP IS IN SHIELD SHAPED Commentary FLAG & SHIELD ON FRONT WHITE AREA Advertising Message U.S. POSTAGE STAMPS Pedigree MRF Printer H. SMITH Printer's Address 137 WILLIAM ST. Printer's City N.Y. Printer's State (NY) Catalog Number 145 Numerical Value 20 Paper WHITE Word Value Cts. Ink LT. BLUE Value Message 20 Cts. Commentary FLAG & SHIELD ON FRONT Flap Printed YES Advertising Message U.S. POSTAGE STAMPS Flap Message H. SMITH, 137 WILLIAM ST., N.Y. Printer H. SMITH Flap Advertisement VALUE ON FLAP IS IN LARGE WHITE REC- Printer's Address 137 WILLIAM ST. TANGLE Printer's City N.Y. Pedigree MRF Printer's State (NY) Numerical Value 12 Word Value Cts. Catalog Number 142 Value Message 12 Cts. Paper WHITE 66x34mm, 53mm incl. flap Flap Printed YES Ink LT. BLUE Flap Message H. SMITH, 137 WILLIAM ST., N.Y. Commentary FLAG & SHIELD ON FRONT Flap Advertisement VALUE ON FLAP IS IN SHIELD SHAPED Advertising Message U.S. POSTAGE STAMPS WHITE AREA Printer H. SMITH Pedigree MRF Printer's Address 137 WILLIAM ST. Printer's City N.Y. Printer's State (NY) Numerical Value 25 Catalog Number 146 Word Value Cts. Paper WHITE 67.34mm Value Message 25 Cts. Ink LT. BLUE Flap Printed YES Commentary FLAG & SHIELD ON FRONT Flap Message H. SMITH, 137 WILLIAM ST., N.Y. Advertising Message U.S. POSTAGE STAMPS Flap Advertisement LARGE VALUE ON FLAP IS IN LARGE REC- Printer H. SMITH TANGULAR WHITE AREA Printer's Address 137 WILLIAM ST. Pedigree RW X-MOREAU Printer's City N.Y. Printer's State (NY) Numerical Value 13 Catalog Number 143 Word Value Cts. Paper WHITE 68x34mm, 54mm incl. flap Value Message 13 Cts. Ink BLUE Flap Printed YES Commentary FLAG & SHIELD ON FRONT Flap Message H. SMITH, 137 WILLIAM ST., N.Y. Advertising Message U.S. POSTAGE STAMPS Flap Advertisement VALUE ON FLAP IS IN SHIELD SHAPED Printer (H. SMITH ?) WHITE AREA Printer's Address 137 WILLIAM ST. Pedigree RW X-MOREAU v J , by FORREST W. DANIEL JO 7_5 7_9 .7. )//r/////7 7 ./7. //7, 7UY 24,,,x4.7.7 (ii//rvt;?///i. ,,/h/ Re, AO, /6 , t. Wi r Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 173 THE DEMAND NOTE SIGNER S One of the demand notes signed by 1.W. Whelpley. A BOUT the time J.N. Huston became Treasurer of the United States in 1889, newspaper feature writer Walter Wellman wrote an expansive, signature-illustrated article about the signatures appearing on United States cur- rency. He disclosed some information about the signers of the old demand notes of 1861, which may not be widely known, so a summary may have some interest. When the demand notes were prepared it was customary for bank notes to be signed personally by the officers holding the titles named on the bill and a line for their signatures appeared above their printed titles. It was self-evident that the Register of the Treasury and the Treasurer of the United States would never be able to sign every single note, so a staff of seventy clerks was hired at an annual salary of $1,200 each to write their own names in the space provided for the official signature. At first the clerks were required to add the words "for the" after their signatures; that extra work was eliminated when "for the" was engraved into the plates after the earliest printings. For nine months the note-signing clerks did nothing else until the entire $60,000,000 was placed in circulation. Wellman emphasized the purpose of the notes was to pay the soldiers engaged in the "civil hostilities" and the contractors who supplied them, and that the demand for the notes at times rose to nearly a million dollars a day. One of the signers, J.L. Whelpley, had risen by 1889 to the post of Assistant Treasurer of the United States and very likely was the source for the story. Whelpley said there were times when the clerks worked twenty hours a day to meet the de- mand for notes.* He said he could sign up to five thousand notes a day, and by working into the night he could work off seven thousand. John Evans, another clerk, was a remarkable penman and "the mainstay of the soldier as pay day approached"; when pushed Evans could sign 15,000 notes in twenty-four hours and get enough rest to start in again the following day. In order to accomplish that feat he abbreviated his name to "J. Evans" and wrote with "a mere dash of the pen!' His was an autograph which a stranger could never decipher, and nobody could counterfeit, according to the story. Wellman reported that in 1889 only $56,000 of the $60,030,000 (including reissues) was still outstanding and that a few hundreds worth dribbled into the redemption bureau each year. He stated that some of the old bills had been used to pay off soldiers and were hoarded by them for the sake of their associations. Money counters at the redemption bureau reported that occasionally they received demand notes of 1861, and greenbacks dated 1862 and 1863, which were discolored by blood but otherwise almost like new. The clerks believed the notes had been sewn into the uniform linings of soldiers who had been wounded, and on recovering they took the blood- stained greenbacks home to be preserved until compelled by adversity to pay the notes out for the necessities of life. As the war progressed, the demand for notes became so great that a new series of Treasury Notes which carried printed signa- tures replaced the hand-signed demand notes. The first printed treasurer's signature was that of FE. Spinner. Wellman called him "Old Spinner" several times in the article—with some imagina- tion the initials "FE!' in Spinner's unique script can be read "Old'.' After his appointment as United States Treasurer, one of J.N. Huston's first duties was to write the autograph which would appear on United States paper money. He told reporter Wellman that in two or three days' practice he used up a lot of paper before he chose the signature to be used. In his Annual Report for 1862 Secretary F.E. Spinner, not specifically of the demand note signers, wrote, "As at present organized, the force employed and the room occupied are inadequate to the proper transaction of public business, ... The work has been performed by devoting not only almost every hour of each day (Sundays not ex- cepted), but many hours of night, to continuous labor beyond the endurance of most men. The compensation of those employed in this office, with the present cost of living, is too small for the services rendered, and not enough to maintain such as have families .... It has been only by personal appeals to their patriotism, and holding out the hope that Congress would do them justice, that some of the best clerks have been induced to remain in this office. Others, unable to endure the hard and long-continued labor, have succumbed and left the office. There are at present more temporary than regular clerks employed here, yet nearly the whole force is overworked to a degree that cannot be continued . . . ■ Caduceus, on the left, was sketched by John W Casilear and engraved by Alfred Jones. Justice with Shield was engraved by Charles Burt. Loyalty by Alfred Jones, at the right, was engraved by WW Rice. Although 38 pieces from 118,112 pieces remain outstanding, no circulating copies of this note are known. Paper Money Whole No. 173Page 174 Two Unique Interest-Bearing Treasury Notes From the Act of March 3, 1863 by GENE HESSLER NIQUE is a term often used without foundation. What I find even more outrageous are the terms semi- unique and almost unique. Until others are docu- mented two U.S. interest-bearing treasury notes, each with three coupons, $50 H(essler) 945d and $500 H1342 are abso- lutely unique. They came to our attention when the paper money collection of Ambassador J.W. Middendorf II was auc- tioned by Christie's on 22 March 1994. During the two decades he spent assembling what probably became the best collection of proof notes, Ambassador Mid- dendorf called me to discuss new acquisitions or to ask for an opinion about pieces that were about to be auctioned or sold. Over the years he provided me with photocopies of these scarce and rare pieces. About two months before the March auction took place I was engaged by Christie's to describe the notes in the U.S. fed- eral section of the sale. I was flattered to hear that the Ambas- sador stipulated that I should be involved in these descriptions. Everything in the collection was known to me—at least that's what I thought. As I went through the collection everything to be described was an old friend that had been seen before. That is, until I saw al;ott, f ,e4 t• 'ss,w, to' Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 175 the $50 H945d and $500 H1342 notes. Both were revelations. When I spoke with the Ambassador in February he said he thought he had sent photocopies of these notes—a mere over- sight. Each would receive one page to showcase their rarity in the Christie's catalog. On 25 September 1988 Christie's auctioned several framed paper money and stamp montages. For decades, perhaps a cen- tury, these had decorated various offices at American Bank Note Co. (ABNCo); some were familiar to me. One frame in- cluded a fan-like arrangement of notes, in the midst of which and only partially visible was a $500 interest-bearing note. One could see part of a liberty cap, an American flag and The Eagle's Nest. Only the denomination, date of the act and "Two Years After Date," at the top of the note were shown. From that the vignettes could be identified on this unknown note and a reconstruction attempted. When I saw the complete note in the Ambassador's collection I was elated. The $50 note, H945d, is the same as the $50 design that did not include coupons. Nevertheless, an example of this rarity was finally documented. There is no record to confirm that any $500 notes of this type without coupons were issued. As anyone would expect, the obligations on the notes with and without coupons differ. The obligation on the $50 H945c without coupons states that the interest is payable to the bearer at maturity. The $50 H945d and the $500 H1342 with three coupons were payable semi-annually, as stated on the notes. On both H945d and H1342 one will see "The last Six Months Interest will be paid with this note:' The three coupons were clipped and redeemed at six month intervals. These beautiful pieces are reminders of a time when an in- vestor received an engraved piece of art rather than a receipt. And, if the investor chose, he or she could place the note in cir- culation. History of Interest-bearing Treasury Notes The first United States interest-bearing treasury notes were is- sued in 1812. Their recommendation came from Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin on May 14, 1812, one month be- fore war was declared against Great Britain on June 18. These notes, and most of those that were periodically issued during the following 53 years, gained interest. The lower denomina- Liberty and Union was engraved by Charles Burt. The Eagle's Nest, as seen here, is part of a larger engraving; it was engraved by James D. Smillie. Louis Delnoce retouched the eagle and outer portions of the vignette as seen here. Although three pieces from 80,604 remain outstanding, no circulating examples of this note are known. The Green Goods Game Conducted by Forrest Daniel Page 176 Paper Money Whole No. 173 tions, at times including notes as high as $20, circulated as cur- rency. Higher denominations were often held by banks as "high-powered reserves for the expansion of their own notes and deposits, and as clearing media for adverse balances with other banks" (Timberlake, 15). These notes did not enjoy legal tender status, but were nevertheless receivable for government debts, taxes and duties. Section two of the Act of June 30, 1812 authorized the issue of treasury notes stating: That the said treasury notes shall be reimbursed by the United States, at such places, respectively, as may be expressed on the face of the said notes, one year, respectively, after the day on which the same shall have been issued; from which day of issue they shall bear interest at the rate of five and two-fifths per centum a year, pay- able to the owner and owners of such notes, at the treasury, or by the proper commissioner of loans, at the places and times respec- tively designated on the face of said notes for the payment of principal. The first treasury notes were signed by designees of the Presi- dent of the United States at a compensation of $1.25 for each 100 notes signed. These notes were then countersigned by United States Commissioner of Loans for the state in which the respective notes were payable. As part of the Act of December 26, 1814, signers had their fee reduced to 754 per 100 notes signed. The length of the loan for treasury notes issued be- tween 1812 and 1860 was one year. Interest rates on treasury notes issued during this period ranged from 2 to 6 percent. There were three exceptions; those issued under the Acts of Oc- tober 12, 1837, March 3, 1843 and June 22, 1846 bore interest at a minimum of 1 mill percent. Interest accrued at the rate of 5, 6 and 7.3 percent over a period of sixty days to three years for treasury notes issued be- tween 1861 and 1865. Three-year notes included five coupons, each redeemable after intervals of six months. The final pay- ment was made when the note itself was redeemed. The acts that authorized some treasury notes also allowed for their reis- suance, provided the outstanding amount did not exceed the authorized amount. Beginning with emissions authorized under the Act of February 24, 1815, treasury notes received the countersignature of the United States Register of the Treasury. Treasury notes is- sued under the Act of October 12, 1837, and all that followed through 1865, bore the signature of the United States Treasurer and the countersignature of the United States Register of the Treasury. After 1865, bonds, which had been issued concurrently, seemed to suffice as United States interest-bearing fiscal paper. United States treasury notes regained popularity in the 1970s. However, since a book entry is made at the time of purchase, a statement is received instead of a certificate. Interest-bearing treasury notes, compound interest treasury notes in denominations of $10 and $20, and refunding certi- ficates often circulated as currency. Sources Hessler, G. (1992). The comprehensive catalog of U.S. paper money. Port Clinton, OH:BNR Press. Timberlake, R. (1991). Gold, greenbacks, and the Constitution. Berryville, VA: The George Edward Durell Foundation. Illustrations courtesy of Ambassador J.W. Middendorf II and Christies. NEW FLIM FLAM SCHEME "The thing in the way of flim-flam now, and the real thing," said an old detective, "is away ahead of any of the old tricks, I know anything about. It has been worked but once in New Orleans, as far as I know, and if it has ever been worked in any other place I do not know about it. The business about finding a pocket-book, springing the pigeon, as it is called; the lock trick, which by the way, is one of the smoothest of the whole list, and all the others are cheap and clumsy in comparison with the clever scheme that was worked on a down-town barkeeper a few evenings ago. It shows one thing, and that is that the criminal classes are quite as active mentally and otherwise as men who are engaged in the decent callings of life. They are probably more active mentally than the men who are ground into narrow grooves because of ceaseless toiling in an effort to keep the wolf away. The new flim flam scheme is wonderfully simple, and is worked with paper money. A $— [sic] and a $5 bill are needed. Of course bills of higher denomination could be used, but the two men who worked the trick here used the bills of the first denomination—a $1 and a $5 bill. It is worked this way: One of the men will write in thin letters on the back of the $5 bill what is supposed to be a list of his laundry. For instance in this way, One shirt, two collars, two pairs of cuffs. He will go into a saloon where there is a rush on in order to minimize the possibilities of the barkeeper's detecting the scribbling on the billl, [sic] and will call for a drink. "The money is put in the drawer, the man gets his drink and his change and walks out. Directly his partner walks in, calls for a glass of beer and tenders a $1 bill in payment. The barkeeper throws out 95 cents in change. 'You made a mistake, old man, the purchaser will say; 'I gave you a $5 bill! A polite wrangle follows. The fellow is insistent, says he had only one piece of money, and that was a $5 bill and he remembers to have jotted down a list of his laundry on the back of it. He calls for the boss, tells him of the dispute, and asks him to see if he has a $5 bill with 'one shirt, two collars, two pairs of cuffs, written on it in pencil. Sure enough the bill is found and the man gets his $4.95 in change. This is the scheme they worked on the man down town, and he had no idea he had been swindled, until he thought it over for some time, and the whole plot dawned on him. It is a clever scheme, but one that will not last, as bar- keepers are awfully quick to get on to tricks of this sort:=New Orleans Times Democrat.—(Grand Forks (N. Dak.) Daily Herald, Nov. 9, 1902.) Notes From 1 All Over JudithMurphy. Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 177 I am writing this on the heels of the Detroit A.N.A. Conven- tion, and we also did the Dearborn show the previous weekend, so it has been a very long twelve days. Dearborn seemed to be quite well attended with a good interest in paper. I think it would be fair to say that Detroit, though I have no official tally, was somewhat less well attended, not what you would expect for an A.N.A. convention. We did have a general membership meeting, which was chaired by past president Wendell Wolka, and the attendance was fair. I really had hoped that more would attend but, in fairness, I must mention that we were scheduled for eight o'clock in the morning, which would indeed make a difference. We enjoyed a program pre- sented by Larry Falater, who entertained us with stories of his pursuit of Michigan notes for his collection. So, thanks to those of you who got up early in the morning and helped make it a success. One attendee was Robert Schreiner of North Carolina, who took a first place for his currency exhibit, and who is at this writing the newest applicant for membership in the SPMC. On the subject of awards, though by the time you see this you may already have read it in the numismatic press, we can all be justifiably proud of our editor and our publication for coming home with several. We can all be proud of Gene and PAPER MONEY (ANA awards will be published in the next issue of PAPER MONEY) In the July/August issue, Bob Cochran wrote a member editorial which should be read if you haven't already, and per- haps even re-read if you have. We (SPMC), and the hobby of numismatics in general, need more active participation. Once again, if you have an exhibit, you have an article. A special thank you to all of you who wrote in response to the situation that was discussed at the membership meeting in June at Memphis. We definitely will keep you informed as to the resolution. Do remember that if your organization is having a conven- tion, you may write to the membership director for applica- tions and to the secretary for extra copies of PAPER MONEY. Heard on the bourse floor: Lovely Aurelia Chen (ABNCo) is now Mrs. Callwood; those of you who know this lady will, I am sure, join me in extending best wishes. Also, I understand that John Wilson plans to run for the A.N.A. Board of Governors. Good luck, John. Be well, stay involved, and I will look forward to seeing you all in St. Louis, at the PCDA convention, Nov. 4, 5 & 6, at the Henry VIII Hotel (Ramada). Judith More Cash for your Cash WISCONSIN NATIONAL BANK NOTES WANTED C. Keith Edison P.O. Box 26 Mondovi, Wisconsin 54755-0026 (715) 926-5001 FAX (715) 926-5043 CONTRIBUTORS TO SPMC PUBLICATIONS FUND Donald M. Miller $20 Acorn Equities $ 5 Ronald Hamm $ 6 Robert J. Galiette $10 John F. Golden $ 5 Anthony J. De Vincent $ 5 Bob Walter $10 Gerald Loegler $ 5 Howard Cohen $20 Marvin R. Levine $10 Gene Elliott $20 Michael Kovac $ 5 William Bonier $ 5 W. David Melnik $ 5 G.B. Eddy $30 Paul Cuccia $10 Philip R. Varnum $ 5 J.A. McCandless $10 Forrest W. Daniel $20 Rolf E. Hansen $ 5 Paul A. Andrews $ 5 J.D. Quiggins $2 Al Groelle $10 Edward L. Von Stein $10 Jeffrey L. Ferrand $10 Dustinn Gibson $ 5 Ted R. Nehrenberg, M.D. $20 B.M. Berry $ 5 Robert E. Willard $10 Ron Yeager $30 Robert P. Payne $ 5 Dr. Robert D. Currier $20 Harold F. Donald $ 5 Roland Rivet $ 5 David J. Thomas $25 Samuel Hyman $ 5 C.R. Savidge $20 Steve Chalstrom $10 Keith S. Bauman $ 5 Leo J. Giubaut, Jr. $20 Dr. Charles F. Phillips, Jr. $ 5 Steven Malast $ 1 Charles T. Koehler $20 Mark Campbell $ 5 Fred F. Angus $15 Richard Brattain $ 5 Albert Von Der Werth, Jr. $10 Stephen R. Taylor $10 Ken McDannel $10 Frank C. Kiehne $ 5 Robert McCabe $ 5 Kenneth Keller $25 Karl Vandervoort $ 5 Robert Eddy $ 5 Patrick S. Goveia $ 5 H.W. Frostick $15 John W. Stevens $ 5 Total $580 Page 178 Paper Money Whole No. 173 Minutes of the meeting of the Board of Governors of the Society of Paper Money Collectors, June 19, 1994. Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza Hotel, Memphis, Tennessee. Board members/Officers in attendance: Austin M. Sheheen, Jr., John Jackson, Gene Hessler, Wendell Wolka, Stephen R. Taylor, Frank Clark, Robert R. Moon, Tim Kyzivat, Bill Mross, Dean Oakes, Judith Murphy, Ronald L. Horstman, Mike Crabb, Bob Cochran. Guests in attendance: Steven Whitfield (Wismer Project Coordinator), Roger H. Durand, Tom Conklin, Doug Murray, Les Winners, John Schwartz. Meeting called to order by President Murphy at 8:02 A.M. Results of the election for the Board of Governors was an- nounced. The four sitting members were re-elected: C. John Ferreri, Ronald L. Horstman, Robert R. Moon, and Stephen R. Taylor. Members assisting with counting the ballots were Greg Ruby, Les Winners and Wendell Wolka. President Murphy announced that former President Roger H. Durand had accepted the position of Librarian. Bob Cochran will contact the former Librarian, Walter Fortner, and arrange to have the contents of the Library sent to Roger. It was stated that Richard Balbaton had sent his supply of back issues of PAPER MONEY to Larry Falater, who will be responsible for selling them to members who wish to purchase them. The minutes of the previous meeting as mailed out and pub- lished were approved. The Secretary announced that the So- ciety has approximately 1650 members. President Murphy reviewed the highlights of the Member- ship Director's report, and a copy of that report is attached. Member Stanley Morycz has been instrumental in recruiting a substantial number of new members. The Treasurer's report was given; a copy is attached. The Editor reported that he has a fair supply of articles on hand. He also asked for any information about possible sources of color separations. Roger Durand indicated that he might have a candidate for this work, and will furnish the name/address to the Editor. The Editor also commented that there are a substantial number of member dealers who do not advertise in PAPER MONEY and sought suggestions as to how we could convince them to advertise. Austin M. Sheheen, Jr. and Bob Cochran will attempt to schedule a presentation at the meeting of the Profes- sional Currency Dealers Association in St. Louis. A discussion was also held as to the possibility of engaging a professional service to handle advertising sales. Steven Whitfield gave a report on his activites as Wismer Pro- ject Chairman. He said that he had contacted all of the authors of record, requesting a status report on their work. Of those who responded, several indicated that they are continuing their efforts. One respondent suggested that SPMC explore the possibility of finding students who could assist in the preparation of, and work with the author of record, various state books. This would be in conjunction with their efforts toward an undergraduate or graduate degree, and SPMC would provide a stipend, grant, or other financial assistance to the student(s). Steve also sug- gested that, subject to his assistance and supervision of the au- thor of record, SPMC consider hiring professional writers to prepare the textual material. Steve reported that he had prepared a typewritten draft of the Kentucky manuscript, and passed the copy among the mem- bers. He stated that he was working with Hugh Shull and Tom Denly in additional cataloging of material. He solicited volun- teers for assistance providing descriptions of the notes con- tained in the listing. Steve also indicated that he would seek assistance with having the descriptions and other material typed, in preparation for publication. He suggested that a "review council" consisting of the authors of previous Wismer Project books be created, to pro- vide guidance and status reviews of the projects. Roger Durand and Wendell Wolka volunteered to serve on the council. Steve also indicated that he would be meeting with Gordon Harris to discuss the status of the New York scrip manuscript. Steve stated that there is much to be done by Mr. Harris before work can proceed with the manuscript. Steve said that a major concern was the illustrations; the photocopies that Mr. Harris furnished would not suffice for publication. A motion was offered by Wendell Wolka, seconded by Stephen R. Taylor, to provide a sum of $300 to the Wismer Pro- ject Coordinator, to be used to pay for typing, photography, etc., as deemed necessary to pursue publication of the Ken- tucky book. The motion passed unanimously. Bob Cochran provided a proof copy of the comprehensive Index for PAPER MONEY and it was passed among the members. A (,,otation to publish the Index had been solicited from Dover Litho, and it was deemed too expensive. An alter- native quotation had been received offering to provide 250 co- pies of the Index, bound in "report" format, with spiral GBC binding, was reviewed. The quotation was in the amount of $1008.35. President Murphy called for a vote on this quotation, and it was approved. A sale price to include the cost of a single copy, plus postage, amounting to approximately $5.00, was approved. Austin M. Sheheen, Jr. stated that a proper award of recogni- tion for the efforts of member George Tremmel for his work in the preparation of the Index was in order. This met with unani- mous approval, and an appropriate award will be made to Mr. Tremmel at a future date. Bob Cochran also provided a proof copy of the Membership Directory, and it was passed among the members. Bob asked for permission to pursue publication of the Membership Directory in the same format as the Index, and to utilize the services of the same printing firm. Wendell Wolka offered a motion to that effect, seconded by Steven Whitfield. The mo- tion passed. Awards Committee Chairman Bob Cochran stated that the literary award winners selected by the Committee, consisting of John Jackson, Robert R. Moon, and Steven Whitfield, would be named during the SPMC General Meeting to follow. Mike Crabb gave a review of the problems he had ex- perienced with the Holiday Inn Crown Plaza, in that all of the reserved room reservations had been canceled in March by the hotel. Mike stated that he was holding discussions with the hotel about 1995, and that he was expecting a letter of clarifica- tion and an update for 1995 from an official of the hotel. Many questions were raised by the members, and a discussion fol- lowed. Those in attendance expressed the strong desire that the Memphis Show continue, and offered their support and as- sistance if necessary to Mike. No significant new business was proposed, and the meeting was adjourned at 9:25 A.M. Bob Cochran, Secretary Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 179 Awards at Memphis Literary awards for 1993 were presented on June 19 at the Memphis International Paper Money show. For articles is PAPER MONEY, vol. xxxii: 1, Charles Surasky 'The First and Last Postal Notes 1883-1894," No. 167 and Davie Grant "The Bankers World's Fair National Bank;' No. 163; 2, Thomas F. Eagan "Pete McCartney, Counterfeiter;' Nos. 163 & 164; Dean Oakes, "Iowa Obsolete Notes and Scrip" No. 168. Awards of Merit went to Gene Hessler for his book The En- graver's Line, and to Brent Hughes and Peter Huntoon for their years of literary contributions to PAPER MONEY. The re- cipient of the Dr. Glenn Jackson Memorial Award was Walter Allan for "Essays and Proofs" in the Canadian Paper Money Journal, vol. 27, no. 113, 1993. The Nathan Gold Memorial Award, presented by the Bank Note Reporter went to Mart Delger for his years of service as exhibit chairman at the IPMS. The Vice President's Recruitment Award was presented to Stanley Morycz for recruiting over 50 SPMC members. Each exhibitor received a plaque from the Memphis Coin Club. Specific awards were also presented. For Images of Women on Paper Money John Jackson received the SPMC Best of Show Award and The Julian Blanchard Award. The Fractional Cur- rency Collectors Board presented three awards: 1, Doug K. Hales for U.S. Fractional Currency; 2, Benny Bolin for Grant- Sherman: The Note That Never Was; 3, William Brandimore, for Thin Dimes. The Amon Carter, Jr. Award, presented by the IBNS, went to Armen Youssefei for Iraq, Before & After the Embargo. The Bank Note Reporter Most Inspirational Award was received by Nancy Wilson for Images of Santa Claus. John Jackson's two-award exhibit was the result of his first at- tempt at exhibiting. Those attending saw a beautiful presenta- tion. This should offer encouragement for those who contemplate exhibiting. NEW MEMBERSHIP COORDINATOR NEW MEMBERS moneymart Paper Money will accept classified advertising from members only on a basis of 155 per word, with a minimum charge of $3.75. The primary purpose of the ads is to assist members in exchanging, buying, selling, or locating specialized mate- rial and disposing of duplicates. Copy must be non-commercial in nature. Copy must be legibly printed or typed, accompanied by prepayment made payable to the Society of Paper Money Collectors, and reach the Editor, Gene Hessler, P.O. Box 8147, St. Louis, MO 63156 by the first of the month preceding the month of issue (i.e. Dec. 1 for Jan./Feb. issue). Word count: Name and address will count as five words. All other words and abbreviations, figure combinations and initials count as separate. No check copies. 10% discount for four or more insertions of the same copy. Sample ad and word count. WANTED: CONFEDERATE FACSIMILES by Upham for cash or trade for FRN block letters, $1 SC, U.S. obsolete. John W. Member, 000 Last St., New York, N.Y. 10015. (22 words: $2: SC: U.S.: FRN counted as one word each) OLD STOCK CERTIFICATES! Catalog plus 3 beautiful certificates $4.95. Also buy! Ken Prag, Box 531PM, Burlingame, Calif 94011. Phone (415) 566-6400. (182) STOCK CERTIFICATE LIST SASE. Specials: 100 different $31; five lots $130. 20 different railroad stocks, mostly picturing trains, $30; five lots $125. Satisfaction guaranteed. Always buying. Clinton Hollins, Box 112P, Springfield, VA 22150. (172) WANTED: ADVERTISING BANKNOTES for dentists, veterinary, chiropractors, patent medicines (not Morse's Pills). Facsimile or over- printed notes. Interested in drugstore script. Ben Z. Swanson, Jr., 616 South Hanover Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21230-3821. (173) WANTED: NEW JERSEY NATIONAL BANK NOTES, LARGE & SMALL, Blackwood, Cape May Court House, Clementon, Lakehurst, Laurel Springs, Mays Landing, New Egypt, North Merchantville, Pedricktown, Penn's Grove, Port Norris, Seabright, Somers Point, Tuck- ahoe, Vineland, Westville, Williamstown, other towns needed, doing research. Send photocopy; price. Robert Kotcher, Box 110, East Orange, NJ 07019. (173) WANTED: PAPER MONEY FROM LEBANON, private collector is looking to buy Lebanese paper money in any condition issued prior to 1960s. Please contact: M.H. Hussein, 6295 River Run Place, Orlando, Florida 32807, FAX: (407) 859-8121. (173) WANTED: Bank/Banking Histories, Bankers' Directories for personal library. Will send my "want" list, or offer what you have. Bob Cochran, Ronald Horstman P.O. Box 6011 St. Louis, MO 63139 Box 1085, Florissant, MO 63031. (173) WANTED: Huntsville, Alabama—Nationals, Obsoletes, scrip, checks, postcards, etc. Bob Cochran, Box 1085, Florissant, MO 63031. (173) 8586 Jim Humphreys, 1000 Foxowod Dr., Nashville, TN 37215; C, Southeastern stocks & bonds. HELP! To finish a set: I need a 1929-1 $5 from #4178, Mercantile- 8587 Sheila Young, P.O. Box 2131, Robins, GA 31099-2131; D. Commerce National Bank of St. Louis, Missouri. Bob Cochran, P.O. 8588 Daniel E. Stewart, 2333 Fox Hollow Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15237; Box 1085, Florissant, MO 63031. (173) C. HELP! To finish a set: I need a 1929-1 $20 from #8765, Henderson Na- 8589 Nelson Smotherman, P.O. Box 692, Murfreesboro, TN 37133; C, Tennessee & Type Notes & U.S. notes Tenn. tional Bank of Huntsville, Alabama. Bob Cochran, P.O. Box 1085, Florissant, MO 63031. (173) 8590 A. Ackroyd, 62 Albert Rd., Poole Dorset BH12 2DB England, C&D, Worldwide. WANTED: TEXAS NATIONALS, especially Hickman-Oakes R4-6, large or small, all grades. Please send list with prices to Roger Moulton, 3707 8591 Harold R. Durocher, 731 Westwood Ave., River Vale, NJ 07675; Waltham Ct., Yardley, PA 19067. (176) C. WANTED: Centralia, Missouri Nationals. First National Bank #6875. 8592 Robert L. Truax, 2236 Lee Loop, Oxford, MS 38655. Private collector Carl Henderson, P.O. Box 32, Centralia, MO 65240. 8593 Joseph Monteleone, 250 SW 16th Street, Pompano Beach, FL (174) 33060; C&D, General. 8594 8595 Jeff Holbrook, 3722 Gratiot Ave., Flint, MI 48503; C, $1 & $2 FR star notes. David C. Hinton, 1463 Mercury Dr. #420, Schaumburg, IL 60193; C, Obsoletes C.S.A. OPELIKA, PINEBLUFF, WEED, CLEARWATER, Metropolis, Hodgen- ville, Mishawaka, Hiawatha, Biddeford, Braintree, Meridian, Sedalia, Raton, Woonsocket. 46 states. Free list. Specify state. Joe Apelman, Box 283, Covington, LA 70434. 821752394s )1 I', ..!441 kl-4117,1`,VAME4 ii■I;p4;;I (1210E11.111r111;A small sampling of the many important pieces we have offered over the years. Ottyrrtrth•ht cs1 Dili D11 f olr“rwe, m,s,” b21752 Irmws....gosocmcmera m3giv4allaitatioms Page 18 0 Paper Money Whole No. 173 Realize the best prices for your paper money. o with the world's most successful auction company— Auctions by Bowers and Merena, Inc. When you consign your collection or individual important items, you go with a firm with an unequaled record of success! ver the years we have handled some of the most important paper money collections ever to be sold. hinking of selling your collection or desirable individual notes? Right now we are accepting con- sigmnents for our next several New York City and Los Angeles sales, or our annual Florida United Numisma- tists sale. Your call to Dr. Richard Bagg, Director of Auctions, at 1-800458-4646 will bring complete information concerning how you can realize the best price for your currency, in a transaction which you, like thousands of others, will fund to be profitable and enjoyable. hat we have done for others, we can do for you. Telephone Dr. Richard Bagg today, or use the coupon pro- vided. Either way, it may be the most profitable move you have ever made! Dear Rick Bagg: PM 9/10-94 Please tell me how I can include my paper money in an upcoming auction. I understand that all information will be kept confidential NAME ADDRESS CITY S1A I E ZIP I'm considering selling. Please contact me. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF HOLDINGS Along the way our auctions have garnered numerous price records for our consignors. Indeed, many of our sales establish new price records on an ongoing basis. - DAYTIME TELEPHONE NUMBER Auctions by Bowers and Merena, Inc. Box 1224 • Wolfeboro, NH 03894 Toll-free: 1-800-458-4646/ In NH: 1-603-569-5095 Fax: 1-603-569-5319 SUPERB UNITED STATES CURRENCY FOR SALE 7, vim /47, //"., 0 99O 001$11j8:011 414.t*ft'h, MrZ2EGUATAllMVATZ SEND FOR FREE PRICE LIST BOOKS FOR SALE PAPER MONEY OF THE U.S. by Friedberg. 13th Edition. Hard Bound. $17.50 plus $2.50 postage. Total Price. $20.00 COLLECTING PAPER MONEY FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT by Barry Krause. Includes a complete history of paper money. Much information on U.S. and foreign paper money. Soft Cover. 255 pages. $14.50 plus $2.50 postage. Total Price. $17.00. COMPREHENSIVE CATALOG OF U.S. PAPER MONEY by Gene Hessler. 5th Edition. Hard Cover. $29.50 plus $2.50 postage. Total Price. $32.00. otormIcro 4,kirtru1 SERIL D70990 Goto.-c,zRTIFICATE- iz 1\1.9294 ,43 4rAimrtrIlitrit*iite5,) (00.1109m124) NATIONAL BANK NOTES by Kelly. 2nd Edition. Hard Cover. Lists all national bank notes by state and charter number. Gives amounts issued and what is still outstanding. 435 pages. $31.50 plus $2.50 postage. Total Price. $34.00. CONFEDERATE AND SOUTHERN STATES CURRENCY by Grover Criswell Jr. 4th Edition. Hard Cover. 415 Pages. $29.50 plus $2.50 postage. Total Price. $32.00 4 lk rciaati,..(f.ti. ... Stanley Morycz P.O. BOX 355, DEPT. M ENGLEWOOD, OH 45322 513-898-0114 Page 182 Paper Money Whole No. 173 Pay over "bid" for many Pay over "ask" for some Pay over Hickman-Oakes for many nationals Pay cash - no deal too large. All grades wanted, Good to Unc. At 74, I can't wait. Currency dealer over 50 years. A.N.A. Life #103 (56 years) P.N.G. President 1963-1964 .M. KAGIN 910 Insurance Exchange Bldg. Des Moines, IA 50309 (515) 243-7363 Buy: Uncut Sheets — Errors — Star Notes — Checks Confederate — Obsolete — Hawaiiana — Alaskiana Early Western — Stocks — Bonds, Etc. BANK NOTE REPORTER Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 183 Announcing the CHICAGO PAPER MONEY EXPOSITION FEBRUARY 24-25-26, 1995 Ramada O•Hare Hotel 6600 North Mannheim Road Rosemont, Illinois The Chicago Paper Money Exposition will feature a 110 booth bourse area with leading dealers in United States and world paper money, stocks and bonds, literature and related paper money ephemera. * 110 Booth Bourse *One mile from O'Hare Airport *Complimentary Airport Shuttle * Society Meetings *Educational Programs * $99 Bourse Fee United Airlines is the official airline of the Chicago Paper Money Expo. To obtain special convention fares, call United at (800) 521-4041 and tell the agent you are attending event 577YZ. To reserve a room at the Ramada O'Hare's special event rate of $69, call the hotel direct at (708) 827-5131 and tell the agent you are attending the Chicago Paper Money Expo. Bourse: KEVIN FOLEY P.O. Box 573 Milwaukee, WI 53201 (414) 282-2388 FAX (414) 282-3528 The Chicago Paper Money Exposition is Sponsored by Bank Note Reporter Page 184 Paper Money Whole No. 173 1-1 IG HEST PR ICES F)Aot‘ I ID FORFt A. IL_ L. C) NI I .Ain L PREE 1 800 AMERICAN iek CURRENCY,IE Ft I F' BON I S LOTTERY TICKETS_ Ca.ONOAL rRAnome no,m©. 101 TREMONT ST.,SUITE 501 BOSTON, MA 02108 James E. Skalbe (617) 695-1652 Russell R. Smith MEMBER: ANS,ANA,SPMC,CNA, SCPMC,EAC,NENA,CWTS,ASCC, SAN,APS,MAS,APIC,FUN,ETC , .,ye 0,,v, EARLY.4- v., .>,./Ai, • AMERICAN. in 3 ri3-. it NUMISMATICS -, ...Q.. *619-273-3566 COLONIAL & CONTINENTAL CURRENCY SPECIALIZING IN: SERVICES: q Colonial Coins q Portfolio q Colonial Currency Development q Rare & Choice Type q Major Show q EARLY Coins Coverage q Pre-1800 Fiscal Paper q Auction We maintain the LARGEST ACTIVE INVENTORY IN THE WORLD! o SEND US YOUR WANT LISTS. FREE PRICE LISTS AVAILABLE. AMERICAN NUMISMATICS c/o Dana Linett q Encased Postage Stamps Attendance ■ P.O. Box 2442 ■ LaJolla, CA 92038 ■ 619-273-3566 Members: Life ANA, CSNA-EAC, SPMC, FUN, ANACS Million Dollar Buying Spree Nationals MPC Currency: FractionalLg. & Sm. Type ForeignObsolete Stocks • Bonds • Checks • Coins Stamps • Gold • Silver Platinum • Antique Watches Political Items • Postcards Baseball Cards • Masonic Items Hummels • Doultons Nearly Everything Collectible COIN SHOP INC "14•1494.1244yot" 399 S. State Street - Westerville, OH 43081 1-614-882-3937 CC 1-800-848-3966 outside Ohio Ufe Member SEND FOR OUR COMPLETE PRICE LIST FREE 41) CI Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 185 • L-7(J INC. P.O. BOX 84 • NANUET, N.Y 10954 BUYING/ SELLING- OBSOLETE CURRENCY, NATIONALRIP S• UNCUT SHEETS, PROOFS, SI BARRY WEXLER, Pres. Member: SPMC, PCDA, ANA, FUN, GENA, ASCC (914) 352.9077 BOOKS ON PAPER MONEY Arkansas Obsolete Notes & Script, Rothe! t $22 Territorials—US Territorial National Bank Notes, Huntoon $20 Florida, Cassidy (Ind natls & obsolete) $29 Vermont Obsolete Notes & Scrip, Coulter $20 Indiana Obsolete Notes & Scrip, Wolka $22 National Bank Notes, Hickman & Oakes 2nd ed $95 Indian Territory/Oklahoma/Kansas Obsolete Notes & Scrip, Burgett and Whitfield $20 US Obsolete Bank Notes 1782-1866, Haxby 4 vol Early Paper Money of America, 3rd ed., Newman $195 $49 Iowa Obsolete Notes & Scrip, Oakes $20 Depression Scrip of the US 1930s $27 Minnesota Obsolete Notes & Scrip, Rockholt $20 World Paper Money 6th ed., general issues $49 Pennsylvania Obsolete Notes & Scrip, Hoober $35 World Paper Money 6th ed., specialized issues $55 North Carolina Obsolete Notes, I'ennell rpnt $10 Confederate & Southern States Bonds, Criswell $25 Rhode Island & The Providence Plantations Obsolete Confederate States Paper Money, Slabaugh $9 Notes & Scrip, Durand $25 Civil War Sutler Tokens & Cardboard Scrip, Schenkman $27 10% off on five or more books • Non-SPMC members add: $3 for one book, $5 for two books, $7 for three or more books CLASSIC COINS — P.O. Box 95—Allen, MI 49227 WANTED ALL STATES ESPECIALLY THE FOLLOWING: TENN-DOYLE & TRACY CITY: AL, AR, CT, GA, SC, NC, MS, MN. LARGE & SMALL TYPE ALSO OBSOLETE AND CONFEDERATE WRITE WITH GRADE & PRICE SEND FOR LARGE PRICE LIST OF NATIONALS SPECIFY STATE SEND WANT LIST DECKER'S COINS & CURRENCY PO. BOX 69 SEYMOUR, TN 37865 (615) 428-3309 LM-120 ANA 640 FUN LM90 EBANKOFREDIVING „„, I COLLECT MINNESOTA OBSOLETE CURRENCY and NATIONAL BANK NOTES Please offer what you have for sale. Charles C. Parrish P.O. Box 481 Rosemount, Minnesota 55068 (612) 423-1039 SPMC LM114 - PCDA - LM ANA Since 1976 Oregon Paper Money Exchange Presents.... The Oregon Pioneer SafeKeepers The Banknote Albums that Fit in a Safe Deposit Box! The Ones You've Been Waiting For FOR LARGE US FOR WORLD PAPER NOTES MONEY $68.95 ppd $72.95 ppd With 50 Archival MYLARTM Holders OREGON PAPER MONEY EXCHANGE 6802 SW 33rd Place Portland, OR 97219 (503) 245-3659 (eves) MYLAR D CURRENCY HOLDERS This month I am pleased to report that all sizes are in stock in large quantities so orders received today go out today. The past four years of selling these holders has been great and many collections I buy now are finely preserved in these. For those who have not converted, an article published this past fall in Currency Dealer Newsletter tells it better than I can. Should you want a copy send a stamped self-addressed #10 business envelope for a free copy. Prices did go up due to a major rise in the cost of the raw material from the suppliers and the fact that the plant workers want things like pay raises etc. but don't let a few cents cost you hun- dreds of dollars. You do know - penny wise and pound foolish. SIZE INCHES 50 100 500 1000 Fractional 43/4x 2 3 /4 $15.00 $28.00 $127.00 $218.00 Colonial 5 1 /2 x 33/16 16.50 30.50 138.00 255.00 Small Currency 65/8 x 2 7 /8 16.75 32.00 142.00 265.00 Large Currency 7 7/8 x 3 1 /2 20.00 36.50 167.00 310.00 Check Size 9 5/8x 4 1 /4 25.00 46.00 209.00 385.00 Baseball Card Std 23/4 x 33 /4 14.50 26.00 119.00 219.00 Baseball Bowman 2 7/8x 4 15.50 28.00 132.00 238.00 Obsolete currency sheet holders 8 3/4 x 14, $1.20 each. minimum 10 Pcs. National currency sheet holders 8 1 /2 x 17 1 /2, $2.50 each 17 1 /2" side open, minimum 10 Pcs. SHIPPING IN THE U.S. IS INCLUDED FREE OF CHARGE Please note: all notice to MYLAR R mean uncoated archival quality MYLAR R type D by Dupont Co. or equivalent material by ICI Corp. Melinex type 516. DENLY'S OF BOSTON P.O. Box 1010 617-482-8477 Boston, MA 02205 800-HI-DENLY FAX 617-357-8163 CANADIAN BOUGHT AND SOLD • CHARTERED BANKNOTES. • DOMINION OF CANADA. • BANK OF CANADA. • CHEQUES, SCRIP, BONDS & BOOKS. FREE PRICE LIST CHARLES D. MOORE P.O. BOX 1296P LEWISTON, NY 14092-1296 (416) 468-2312 LIFE MEMBER A.N.A. #1995 C.N.A.#143 C.P.M.S. #11 Page 186 Paper Money Whole No. 173 HARRY IS BUYING NATIONALS - LARGE AND SMALL UNCUT SHEETS TYPE NOTES UNUSUAL SERIAL NUMBERS OBSOLETES ERRORS HARRY E. JONES PO Box 30369 Cleveland, Ohio 44130 216.884-0701 BUYING and SELLING PAPER MONEY U.S., All types Thousands of Nationals, Large and Small, Silver Certificates, U.S. Notes, Gold Cer- tificates, Treasury Notes, Federal Reserve Notes, Fractional, Continental, Colonial, Obsoletes, Depression Scrip, Checks, Stocks, etc. Foreign Notes from over 250 Countries Paper Money Books and Supplies Send us your Want List ... or ... Ship your material for a fair offer LOWELL C. HORWEDEL P.O. BOX 2395 WEST LAFAYETTE, IN 47906 SPMC #2907 ANA LM #1503 Commerce Gth ° Ok 1.4 sues ABOUT ALLEGORICAL REPRESENTATIONS by Roger H. Durand There are tens of thousands of different vignettes on obsolete bank notes and many of them illustrate mythological gods and creatures. Allegorical representations usually have hidden meanings. Could you identify Amphitrite, Aurora, Fortuna or Tellus? Have you ever seen a Hippocampus or a Hydra? Would you recognize the personi- fication of Progress, Wealth, Victory or Fame? This book is full of previously unpublished information. A complete refund if you are not satisfied for any reason. THIS BOOK IS LIMITED TO JUST 300 NUMBERED COPIES $22.95 pp Order from your favorite dealer or from the author: P.O. Box 186 ROGER H. DURAND Rehoboth, MA 02769 America Hope gnterestingo-A =1-70-Notes Paper Money Whole No. 173 Page 187 WANTED ORIGINAL SIGNATURES OF FAMOUS HISTORICAL PEOPLE ON CURRENCY • LETTERS DOCUMENTS • CHECKS RAY ANTHONY 241 North Beverly Drive Beverly Hills, CA 90210 (800) 626-3393 • FAX (310) 859-7938 ANA LIFE MEMBER • MEMBER MANUSCRIPT SOCIETY Buying & Selling Foreign Banknotes Send for Free List William FL Pheatt 9517 N. Cedar Hill Cir. Sun City, AZ 85351 Phone 602-933-6493 Fax 602-972-3995 WORLD PAPER MONEY * BUY, SELL, TRADE * * FREE PRICE LIST * specialized in Poland, Russia and East Europe Tom Sluszkiewicz P.O. Box 54521, 7398 Edmonds St. BURNABY, B.C., CANADA, V3N 1A8 ta-piteja.-=, IN:411figiaME'" Wilaii(14\ THE NATIONAL BAIL A000272A OF JONI A BLACA OF BARBOURVILLE KENTUCKY to ittAREP DEMAA0 TI N DOLLNES A000272A t.g. co, Kentucky Nationals Wanted Serious collector paying top prices for nationals from following charters: 1760, 2169,2576,3856,4006,4200,4356,4819, 5314,5486,5792,6248,6546,6872,7012, 7281,7284,7402,7492,7593,7602,7919, 8229,8331,8386,8439,8451,9456,9708, 9722,9842, 11348, 11538, 11890,11944, 12202, 13651. Send copies to: Richard L. Deavers 223 Reservoir Ave., Central City, KY 42330 Page 188 Paper Money Whole No. 173 PAPER MONEY UNITED STATES Large Size Currency • Small Size Currency Fractional Currency • Souvenir Cards Write For List Theodore Kemm 915 West End Avenue q New York, NY 10025 U.S. CURRENCY Free Periodic Price Lists S & S CURRENCY, LTD. P.O. Box 1313 LaVergne, 'Th. 37086 (615) 896-6137 BUYING and SELLING CSA and Obsolete Notes CSA Bonds, Stocks & Financial Items Extensive Catalog for $3.00, Refundable With Order ANA-LM SCNA PCDA HUGH SHULL P.O. Box 761, Camden, SC 29020 / (803) 432-8500 FAX 803-432-9958 SPMC-LM BRNA FUN II fr/ WE ARE ALWAYS BUYING ■ FRACTIONAL CURRENCY ■ ENCASED POSTAGE ■ LARGE SIZE CURRENCY ■ COLONIAL CURRENCY WRITE, CALL OR SHIP: • W Aire aim-re tIBILIMS inc. LEN and JEAN GLAZER (718) 268.3221 POST OFFICE BOX 111 FOREST HILLS, N.Y. 11375 N '1( s MM. 't ON FS $i( )1.1.I ..CTORS eV Jr/.am 42 Charter Member . , "• 4." tt. MA +l SIZE One ye, 529 9, • Cone 52 9 • lanes., 1994 • Woconsin 59950 95P es counterfeiting problem Gonzalez tac LW ftto t "1 ratt4u c 1 8, &ono soRo sio srto op, & sbt IP Awl A ii problem ri1 S -,c;Pr tor strasbu Stock headsbobby U.S. Paper Money Collectors... ttanii Note Rep rter is for YOU! U.S. paper money collectors! 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